Search found 234 matches
- Fri Jun 12, 2015 6:10 pm
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: Proto-Indo-European Lexicon
- Replies: 75
- Views: 17404
Re: Proto-Indo-European Lexicon
All comments are the most welcome, Jouna OI Bárach (usually arna mbárach 'on the morrow'). You've missed the Common Celtic change of /ō/ > /ā/ (or in final syllables /ū/). This parallels /ē/ > /ī/, which means that CC had no long mid vowels, only /ī ā ū/. The Irish breaking of /ō/ > /ua/, /ē/ > /ia...
- Thu Jun 11, 2015 1:31 pm
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
Re: Celtic *buzd-, it seems I misread Matasović's etymon. He doesn't actually suppose *gʷ, but rather a cluster *gw. The PIE paradigm was then *gwósdʱ- ~ gusdʱ-, leading to Celtic *bozd- ~ guzd-, which was then regularised into buzd-. The GPC suggests W. both could possibly be cognate with OCS gvoz...
- Wed Jun 10, 2015 4:50 pm
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
It occurred to me later that if the root is only attested from within Celtic then we can go no further back than CC / buzd- /. If this is of IE origin then the /d/ could be from either PIE /d/ or /d h /, and the initial /b/ from PIE /b/, /b h /, or (and is this not more likely?) /g w /. With all the...
- Tue Jun 09, 2015 9:47 pm
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
Looking now at the Lexicon. I see you have red mismatches flagged up for MidIr. bot /bod/, MidW. both , Gaul. buðð- , which you need to derive from IE / busd h - -os ~ -ā /. Assuming these are all the same word, and there is some doubt about the second, the main development you've missed is /-sd(h)/...
- Tue Jun 09, 2015 7:09 am
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: Relative frequency of /oi/ vs /eu/
- Replies: 12
- Views: 3501
Re: Relative frequency of /oi/ vs /eu/
Some sounds are more 'volatile' (tend to change into other sounds faster) than others. Could it be that /ew/ has a shorter half-life than /oj/, so taking a snapshot over a number of languages you'd be likely to catch more processes passing through /oj/ than through /ew/ ?
- Mon Jun 08, 2015 5:02 pm
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
Of course consonants (obstruents/fricatives) are not vowels and therefore have no vocalisations. This critique seems to be quite common, but I think it confuses synchronic and diachronic sound changes. Obstruent vocalization is well attested, usually with an intermediate approximant stage (e.g. Lat...
- Mon Jun 08, 2015 11:19 am
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
(b) The idea of the co-occurence of PIE *ɑ and PIE *h is hardly nothing but a way to explain the "colouring effect" erroneously attached to the "laryngeal" in the laryngeal theory. Although the proponents of LT are often ignorant of the history of the field, it should be underlined that Neogr. *ə i...
- Mon Jun 08, 2015 10:26 am
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
2+4. The Neogrammarian+Monolaryngealism. Typical for this trend is to avoid external typology (or paradigm) and define the Indo-European vowels by means of inductive comparison of the Indo-European languages. Between 1870-1940 a system of eight phonemes for vowels Neogr. *a *e *o *ā *ē *ō *å *ǝ was...
- Mon Jun 08, 2015 10:02 am
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
The theoretical motive comes on the one hand from the issue that already the Neogrammarians proved the existence of a vocalic photo-phoneme *ə (= PIE *). On the other hand the connection between between the traditionally reconstructed PIE stops and the "a-colouring" of the roots needs to be simulta...
- Sun Jun 07, 2015 6:08 pm
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
Another would be to reconstruct a distinct coloring element *A and a distinct phonation-adjusting element *h, of which either both or only one may be present: • coloring and non-plain phonation implies *ChVA • coloring and plain phonation implies *CVA • no coloring and non-plain phonation implies *...
- Sun Jun 07, 2015 3:48 pm
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
The vowel /a/ attached to PIE *h/ɦ is usually provable (see the example above). No, an attested /a/ cannot "prove" an *a — unless, of course, you circularly assume that your own theory already is true and that *a is the sole source of later /a/. I previously gave an example from (Brittonic) showing...
- Sat Jun 06, 2015 4:16 pm
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
Jouna : Saying "it's like that because that's how it is" is simply restating the data, it is not an explanation of anything. I am a natural scientist. Therefore everything reconstructed is simply inductively restated data for me. Yes, but if the explanation is more complex and confusing than the da...
- Sat Jun 06, 2015 4:00 pm
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
If you want to bring in Indo-Uralic, might a system of consonant gradation account for some of the complexity of the PIE consonants? Already mastering and working with 100+ ancient IE languages is a suitable challenge for myself at the moment. Bringing Uralic in would enforce me to learn some 30 mo...
- Sat Jun 06, 2015 7:46 am
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
Jouna :
Saying "it's like that because that's how it is" is simply restating the data, it is not an explanation of anything.
Saying "it's like that because that's how it is" is simply restating the data, it is not an explanation of anything.
- Sat Jun 06, 2015 7:37 am
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
If you want to bring in Indo-Uralic, might a system of consonant gradation account for some of the complexity of the PIE consonants?
- Sat Jun 06, 2015 5:59 am
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
Every syllable that contains a Th, D or Dh calls for a laryngeal of some variety, as presumably do most or all long vowels. That's an awful lot of extra hypothetical segments, even if the unit in question is a single entity. Twice the number if it's double as you claim. If there is just a single /h/...
- Fri Jun 05, 2015 3:56 pm
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
I find your statement that this "remains possible" at odds with your deductive methods." I say it remains possible, because it remains. The most time-consuming part of my work has been the etymological dictionary written to test the inductive hypotheses, currently consisting of some 5000 A3 pages. ...
- Thu Jun 04, 2015 2:18 pm
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
Pyysalo Thesis : Section 5.1.1 (pp 465 ff) (s) 2 (a) 3 and (s) 5 (c) : You deduce the existence of the double segments /ḫa/ ~ /aḫ/ the two elements of which you say have never been observed separately. I find your statement that this "remains possible" at odds with your deductive methods. (Many thi...
- Thu Jun 04, 2015 12:09 pm
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
I am a Finn ... I've nothing against Finns, far from it! However I noticed that (almost?) all the people you thank in your thesis for having discussed these ideas with you also appear to be Finns. I find this a little strange when you claim to have made an important breakthrough in a subject that i...
- Wed Jun 03, 2015 5:29 pm
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
I certainly will look through the stuff some more myself. The observations on the stop system are worth investigating at the very least. As it happens I was part way through reading this (possibly of interest?) : https://www.academia.edu/1538887/Typology_and_reconstruction_The_consonants_and_vowels...
- Wed Jun 03, 2015 3:52 pm
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
Folks, it may not be wise to argue with a man with a sword ;-) (Although I probably will when I've absorbed a bit of his stuff ...) It is when you also have a sword (well, not me, but my boyfriend does >:D ) Touché! I suppose it really comes down to how many pricks you can see in the picture ... No...
- Wed Jun 03, 2015 3:08 pm
- Forum: Languages & Linguistics
- Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
- Replies: 2225
- Views: 468274
Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
And if everything else fails, the hat looks nice :) JAL Lol, according to the local wisdom "Of course the dissertations are written to obtain the hat – and the sword! What else would be the purpose?" :) Folks, it may not be wise to argue with a man with a sword ;-) (Although I probably will when I'...
- Sun May 31, 2015 5:48 pm
- Forum: Conlangery & Conworlds
- Topic: Speed of Phonological Erosion?
- Replies: 3
- Views: 1706
Re: Speed of Phonological Erosion?
It depends very much on the location. If the place is isolated and monolingual then change will be slow. E.g. a isolated island, oasis, mountain valley. OTOH where there is contact with many other languages, or indeed one or more changes of language, then erosion may be quite rapid. Also changes in ...
- Sun May 31, 2015 5:38 pm
- Forum: None of the above
- Topic: Duolingo
- Replies: 50
- Views: 17135
Re: Duolingo
Useful sentences in duolingo: Tá an fear sa chuisneoir (I think, may be getting it wrong) = The man is in the fridge Grossvater ist nicht mein Vater (should be eszett) = Grandad is not my father I feel fully equipped to travel in Nightmare Ireland and Creepy Germany! The German sentence is entirely...
- Sun May 31, 2015 5:29 pm
- Forum: L&L Museum
- Topic: Declension Summary Tables
- Replies: 2
- Views: 5629
Latvian
Latvian N ominative, A ccusative, D ative, L ocative, G enative, Plural endings below singulars. Adjectives have a separate set of ending when they relate to definite nouns, dAm Definite Adjective Masculine, dAf Definite Adjective Feminine. Various slightly irregular nouns are listed under subclass...