zompist bboard

Is there actually good evidence for Niger-Congo? I've always been skeptical of this. I don't believe in the validity of Afroasiatic, Nilo-Saharan, or Niger-Congo (or, God forbid, Khoisan...). Afroasiatic does make me a bit skeptical; for Egyptian alone, there’s two different sets of correspondences...

/ɑporid ɑisu/ Aporid Aesu /m n ɲ (ŋ)/ m n ny ng /p b t d k g q/ p b t d k g q /ts dz tʃ (dʒ)/ c j ty dy /f v s z ʃ ʒ ɬ ɣ h/ f v s z sy zy ll x h /r l j/ r l y /i y u/ i iu u /e ø o/ ai eu au /æ ɑ ɔ/ e a o /ie yø uo ei øy ou æi ɑi ɑu oi/ ie ieu uo ei eiu ou aei ae ao oi /ɑpɑn ʒæk jæɣpitlɑtin tɑmnu bø...

[Yes, we transcribe them as voiced stops. That doesn't mean that they were voiced stops! The most likely hypothesis would be that they were (voiceless) unaspirated stops, while those transcribed as voiceless stops were aspirated. Such transcriptions are common where no actual voiced stops get in th...

Final e in German names here are traditionally pronounced /i/. That reminds me of something I've been wondering about. In the US, German names with <oe> are generally pronounced /oʊ/, because of orthography. But why are German names in <oe (ö)> /œ/ pronounced /ɚ/ in English (viz., Goethe /gɚtə/, Go...

/p t k/ ‹p t k› /m n ŋ/ ‹m nn g› /f s h/ ‹f s h› /r j w/ ‹r i u› /i ɨ u/ ‹î y û› (‹i y u› following /j w/ or with no neighboring vowels or semivowels) /e ẽ ɘ ɘ̃ o õ/ ‹ê ên e en o on› /a ã/ ‹a an› /i ɘ̃tã fẽta/ /ta kia arin ɘ̃tã fẽta/ /ta rahta sikfe kakã wima/ /fẽta pitit kekwuŋ/ /witɨf sat ta naksɘ...

lose /luz/ [luːz]
loose /lus/ [lus]
loser /ˈluzɚ/ [ˈluːzɻ̩]
ate /eɪt/ [e̞et̚]

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Tujia /pʰ tʰ ʦʰ ʨʰ kʰ/ ‹p t c ć k› /p t ʦ ʨ k/ ‹b d x x́ g› /m n ɲ ŋ/ ‹m n ń ň› /s ɕ x/ ‹s ś h› /z ɣ/ ‹z ğ› /j w/ ‹j w› /a ɛ i ə ɔ ɤ ɯ u/ ‹a e i y o œ v u› /a a˥ a˧˥ a˧˩ a˥˧/ ‹a á ǎ à â› /pi˧˥ʦi˥kʰa˧˩ luɔ˥˧ jɔ wɛi, ta˥˧ pɔ˧˩ ʦʰa˧˥ luɔ wɛi, kʰu˧˥pi˥ pau˥pau˥ ka˧˩ ɔŋ˧˩-pɔ˧˩-la˥ jɔ wɛi, sɤ˧˩kʰɤ˥ pʰɤ˧˥...

Kaluli ‹Калули› /b t d k ɡ/ ‹б т д к г› /m n/ ‹м н› /f s h/ ‹ф с х› /w j ɭ~l̥/ ‹в і л› /i u e o ɛ ɔ ɑ/ ‹и у є ѡ ѣ о а› /ei oi ɔi ɔu ɑi ɑo ɑu/ ‹єи ѡи ои ꙋ аи аѡ ау› /jɑ je jɛ ju/ ‹ꙗ ѥ ꙓ ю› /sɔgɔ ɑgelɔ we ɑsɔlɛjɔ niɔ jɑbɑlɛ hɑlɔnɑmi mɛn gɑsɑjɔ kɔlɔ kunu wɛfɛno. ɛlɛtɛgɛ enɑ ɑne. ɔg enɑmijɔ niɔ hɛnɛsɛgɛ...

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Eustinenin /østinenin/ /m n ɲ ŋ/ ‹m n ny ng› /p b t d k g/ ‹p b t d k g› /ts tʃ/ ‹c cz› /f v s ʃ x h/ ‹f v s sz ​ch h› /l j ɾ r/ ‹l y rh r› /i y u e ø o ɑ/ ‹i iu u e eu o a›, doubled word-finally /ɪ ʏ ʊ ə ɛ ɔ æ/ ‹i iu u eu e o a›, following letter doubled /hɔltsasə ʃlesvɪx ɛr rɛtlinen østinen bɔn jo...

sirdanilot wrote:So who decided that the counties should be so square in America?

The fact that much of the US was surveyed in a giant grid, often before the territories in question were even settled, might have something to do with this.

Clearsand wrote:Dushmeníi durbel, ai srhe shektíi.
Hatred is weak, love is strength.

Qtur vozeğoztaa tuḏakaa rziq : natkul xalei sit : xool eğarur sit ::
Love and hate are both instruments: strength if you control them, weakness if they control you.

Followup questions, if you don't mind answering: discussed [dĕsˈkʌst] disgust [dĕsˈkʌst] Is it syllabified that way, or like this: [dĕˈskʌst]? Is the k aspirated or not? Also, is it a true phonetic [ʌ] (urounded [ɔ]) or more like [ɐ]? Ah, yes, that syllabification makes more sense. There is no aspi...

dissect [dɜe̽ˈsæ̆kt] discussed [dĕˈskʌst] disgust [dĕˈskʌst] Xavier [æ̆gˈze̞eviɻ̩], [xäviˈe̽ɻ] sphere [sviɻ] Sven [svæ̆n] wont [wɔnt] chaos [ˈkʰe̞eɒs] Logos [ˈlo̞go̞s] quark [kʰwäɻk] force [foɻs] Laura [ˈloɻə] Laurie [ˈloɻi] story [ˈstoɻi] maul [mɔl] mole [moʊl] centaur [sæ̆nˈtoɻ] Minotaur [ˈmäenɤ̈t...

ibes [ˈɪbɛs] → Ancient Vitran ibes [ɪbes] → Classical Vitran yve [ǝfe] iděhes [ˈɪdʒɛxɛs] → Ancient Vitran iddexes [ɪddexes] → Classical Vitran ydehe [ǝtexe] cahao [kaˈxao̯] → Ancient Vitran kaxau [kaxaʊ̯] → Classical Vitran kao [kʰaho] paobop [ˈpao̯vop] → Ancient Vitran paubop [paʊ̯bop] → Classical...

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naştë së e nëpiwë, pëk unëz oştë poeçe. Albanian. Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur. Latin. In this thread, you can post random bits of languages and anybody can guess what they are - allo...

KathAveara wrote:

sirdanilot wrote:Who needs vowels if you have syllabic approximants?

Not Slovene at any rate.

Syllabic it is, but that’s no approximant! (Unless you mean syllabic /l/, but that’s been gone from Slovene for a few centuries now: vlk > volk, slnce > sonce and whatnot)

Rhotic (Inland North), I rhyme it with "work". I've never actually heard it rhymed with "York", but then again I've only rarely heard it said IRL (I've mostly just seen it written). Same for me: Inland North, [twɝk] ( NURSE lexical set). I’ve not heard [twɔɹk] or the like either in Chicago or Boston.

Japhug rGyalrong ‹Kırı skët› /pʰ p b mb tʰ t d nd cʰ c ɟ ɲɟ kʰ k g ŋg qʰ q ɴɢ/ ‹ṗ p b mb ṭ t d nd ḳ́ ḱ ǵ ḳ k g ng q̇ q nq› /tsʰ ts dz ndz tʂʰ tʂ dʐ ndʐ tɕʰ tɕ dʑ ndʑ/ ‹ċ c ẑ nẑ č̣ č ǰ nǰ ć̣ ć đ nđ› /(f β) s z ʂ ɕ ʑ x ɣ χ ʁ/ ‹(f v) s z š ś ź h ğ x ř› /m n ɲ ŋ/ ‹m n ń ň› /w ɬ l r j/ ‹w ł l r j› /a e ɤ...

(newgleblang) kuqo [kʊʔɔ] → Mîrkšam kûâ [ˈkɯʔɶ]
(newgleblang) śíqínyí [ɕiʔinʲi] → Mîrkšam śiińi [ɕiˈʔiɲi]
(newgleblang) kúńolú [kun̠ʲɔlu] → Mîrkšam kuńâru [kʷuˈɲɶɾu]
(newgleblang) kolu [kɔlu] → Mîrkšam kâru [ˈkʷɶɾu]

atʃpʲi ‹Ačṕi› /p pʲ t ʈ ʈʲ tʃ k/ ‹p ṕ t c ć č k› /s ʃ h/ ‹s š h› /l ɽ ɽʲ j~ʎ w/ ‹l r ŕ j v› /m mʲ n ɲ/ ‹m ḿ n ń› /i ɯ o̞ a/ ‹i u o a› /ʈo̞k wɯpo̞ɽ iɲiʃɯo̞ natʃli pʲoɽkɯ jo̞ imʲkat hilaɽʲimaʈʲ tʃaktʃo alɲɯpʲɯt atʃak/ ‹Cok vupor ińišuo načli ṕorku jo iḿkat hilaŕimać čakčo alńuṕut ačak.› atʃpʲi ‹Atjpji...

Amqoli huba [huba] → Tsouryeghal хоѵва [xuβa]
Amqoli tsoglezha [tsoglʲeʒa] → Tsouryeghal цогълѥжа [t͡soɣʊʎeʐa]
Amqoli hulyaru [hulʲaru] → Tsouryeghal хоѵлꙗръ [xuʎarʊ]
Amqoli xazgal [xazgaɫ][/quote] → Tsouryeghal хаꙁъгалъ [xazʊɣao]