Search found 172 matches

by Šọ̈́gala
Mon Apr 23, 2018 11:44 pm
Forum: Languages & Linguistics
Topic: A sixth pronunciation for the letter "x".
Replies: 33
Views: 17727

Re: A sixth pronunciation for the letter "x".

There's also X as /ɨgz/ in "Xavier", at least in my midwestern U.S. accent.
by Šọ̈́gala
Wed Apr 04, 2018 11:57 pm
Forum: Languages & Linguistics
Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
Replies: 2225
Views: 448202

Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread

Regarding rounding of *o, I've often wondered about the nom. o-stem ending in Sanskrit. Utterance-finally, it is -aḥ, but before a voiced sound it has the allophone -o (< earlier /aw/). I have imagined a development from rounding assimilation: -os > -osʷ > -asʷ > -ahʷ > -ah but, when voiced, -oz > -...
by Šọ̈́gala
Sat Mar 17, 2018 2:58 pm
Forum: Languages & Linguistics
Topic: How does dominant-recessive vowel harmony arise?
Replies: 8
Views: 6012

Re: How does dominant-recessive vowel harmony arise?

Modern Central Tibetan has height harmony which, based on the descriptions I've read, seems to be dominant-recessive (a high vowel anywhere in the word will raise all low vowels). That's a fairly recent development as far as I'm aware.
by Šọ̈́gala
Wed Mar 14, 2018 8:52 pm
Forum: Languages & Linguistics
Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
Replies: 2225
Views: 448202

Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread

It happened in Yucatec Maya (/pʼ/ > /ɓ/ only) Well, (/pʼ/ > /ɓ/ only) is almost the inverse of what's being posited for Early PIE. The glottalic model is that /pʼ/ was largely or totally lacking. /pʼ/ > /ɓ/ looks like it would be motivated by bilabial ejective avoidance. , and it happened several t...
by Šọ̈́gala
Tue Mar 13, 2018 2:42 pm
Forum: Languages & Linguistics
Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
Replies: 2225
Views: 448202

Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread

is there anything especially appealing about an unmotivated general ejective > implosive shift, other than that it explains the dearth of /b/? Is this shift typologically common?
by Šọ̈́gala
Sun Mar 11, 2018 4:54 pm
Forum: Languages & Linguistics
Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
Replies: 2225
Views: 448202

Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread

Yeah, in what I thought was the default version of the Cao Bằng model, there would have been only a short period where PIE had /ɠ/ but not /ɓ/. It would have been first /ɓ/ > /w/ and/or /m/ and then /ɗ/ and all other implosives > /d/, etc. I seem to recall reading that there are examples of /ɓ/ unco...
by Šọ̈́gala
Thu Feb 08, 2018 3:32 pm
Forum: Languages & Linguistics
Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
Replies: 2225
Views: 448202

Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread

The model I've been tending toward lately is to think of h₁, h₂, h₃ as places of articulation. This explains why h₂ and h₃ color vowels while no other consonants (with the possible exception of *k) do: the coloring is conditioned by place of articulation. h₁ could easily be more than one POA: any of...
by Šọ̈́gala
Thu Feb 08, 2018 3:20 pm
Forum: Languages & Linguistics
Topic: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread
Replies: 2225
Views: 448202

Re: The Great Proto-Indo-European Thread

Wait, so if we assume a traditional reconstruction of stop series with breathy stops, could we explain the missing voiceless aspirates by saying they spirantized into laryngeals? This isn't necessarily an explanation for all laryngeals in all positions, but it might perhaps at least act as a source...
by Šọ̈́gala
Mon Dec 25, 2017 2:18 am
Forum: Conlangery & Conworlds
Topic: Lexember 2017
Replies: 43
Views: 15852

Re: Lexember 2017

I'm going to be offline for the next week, but I'm posting the rest of my Lexember entries here today. Zeeb readers get special sneak preview of what will appear daily on http://kwaco.tumblr.com! Vaq’ǫ̀ʔ Nąśą day 24: weehaá /wèːhǎ́ː/ “caul, amnion, uterus, abdomen (of women)” /bé/ “to drape” + /ʃoʔ/...
by Šọ̈́gala
Sat Dec 23, 2017 1:41 pm
Forum: Conlangery & Conworlds
Topic: Lexember 2017
Replies: 43
Views: 15852

Re: Lexember 2017

Vaq’ǫ̀ʔ Nąśą day 23: taγ̇ŋaáhe /táʀŋǎ̀ːhé/ v. “to carry out reciprocal interpersonal obligations” < /tàʀgáːʔ/ “reciprocal interpersonal obligation” + /sì/ “ᴠʙᴢ” note: generally refers to obligations merited by a specific action or situation as opposed to obligations which apply generally by default....
by Šọ̈́gala
Sat Dec 23, 2017 12:22 am
Forum: Conlangery & Conworlds
Topic: Lexember 2017
Replies: 43
Views: 15852

Re: Lexember 2017

Vaq’ǫ̀ʔ Nąśą day 22: ʔahkąą́ /ʔáhkã̌́ː/ “puma” < /pàg/ “thin, slender (one)” + /ʃkẽ̀ⁿd/ “making a shrill, high-pitched, loud sound, to scream, to shriek” + /òʔ/ “ᴀɴᴍᴢ” lit. "thin screamer”, referring to the distinctive high-pitched noises made by pumas. Note contraction of /ʃkã̀ⁿdàʔ/ to the equivale...
by Šọ̈́gala
Thu Dec 21, 2017 11:23 pm
Forum: Conlangery & Conworlds
Topic: Lexember 2017
Replies: 43
Views: 15852

Re: Lexember 2017

Vaq’ǫ̀ʔ Nąśą day 21: γąʔlaá /ɣã̀ʔlǎ̀ː/ “solstice” < /ᵑɡã̀t/ “taut (one), coiled (one)” + /lóʔ/ “height, astronomical position” lit. “taut height” or “taut position”. /lóʔ/ appears to be an archaic nominalisation related to /lób/ “high”. /lóʔ/ appears in terms related to the paths and locations of th...
by Šọ̈́gala
Wed Dec 20, 2017 11:17 pm
Forum: Conlangery & Conworlds
Topic: Lexember 2017
Replies: 43
Views: 15852

Re: Lexember 2017

Vaq’ǫ̀ʔ Nąśą day 20: keʔt'a laa /kéʔtʼà làː/ v. “yareta, cushion plant” < /skèːgdà/ “flower.ᴄᴏɴsᴛʀᴜᴄᴛ” + /láː/ “green (one), leaf” reduction of wíhx̣e keʔt'a laa , lit. “green flower-rock”. The first vowel in keeʔt'a should regularly be long but is generally realised as short, creating an audible co...
by Šọ̈́gala
Tue Dec 19, 2017 11:55 pm
Forum: Conlangery & Conworlds
Topic: Lexember 2017
Replies: 43
Views: 15852

Re: Lexember 2017

Vaq’ǫ̂ʔ Nąśą day 19: soʔo /sóʔó/ n. “kid, baby goat”

< /t͡ʃòʔó/ < ? Old Emp. **/t͡ʃùʔá/ < Proto-Western *kyuʔna “goat”

note that the borrowing seems to have occurred after the loss of /ʔ/ and its reintroduction via glottalised /p/.

https://kwaco.tumblr.com/post/168714143 ... ber-day-19
by Šọ̈́gala
Tue Dec 19, 2017 12:51 am
Forum: Conlangery & Conworlds
Topic: Lexember 2017
Replies: 43
Views: 15852

Re: Lexember 2017

Vaq’ǫ̂ʔ Nąśą day 18: wē̈hq'ądh /wéːhqʼã́ð/ v. “viscacha, lagomorph-like animal”

< /péːsqã̀ⁿd/ id.

cf. wëhqhe “rock”

https://kwaco.tumblr.com/post/168679688 ... ber-day-18
by Šọ̈́gala
Mon Dec 18, 2017 12:59 am
Forum: Conlangery & Conworlds
Topic: Lexember 2017
Replies: 43
Views: 15852

Re: Lexember 2017

Vaq’ǫ̂ʔ Nąśą day 17: yāhq'é /jàːhqʼě́/ v. “to guard, to keep watch”

< /jàʔà/ “retainer, follower, subaltern” + /ʃqiʔ/ “ᴠʙᴢ (to act as)”

lit. “to act as a retainer”.

cf. Tmaśareʔ yahke “keep, guard, foster”?

https://kwaco.tumblr.com/post/168668925 ... ber-day-17
by Šọ̈́gala
Sat Dec 16, 2017 4:08 am
Forum: Conlangery & Conworlds
Topic: Lexember 2017
Replies: 43
Views: 15852

Re: Lexember 2017

Vaq’ǫ̂ʔ Nąśą day 16: hewēmá /héwèːmà/ n. “ashes, gray (one)”

< /ʃèbéːb/ “to burn” + /àʔ/ “ʀɴᴍᴢ”

lit. “burn product”

https://kwaco.tumblr.com/post/168600360 ... ber-day-16
by Šọ̈́gala
Fri Dec 15, 2017 2:18 pm
Forum: Conlangery & Conworlds
Topic: Lexember 2017
Replies: 43
Views: 15852

Re: Lexember 2017

Vaq’ǫ̂ʔ Nąśą day 15: q'ī rhorō /qʼíː ʀòròː/ n. “condor,” < /sqìː/ “bone.ᴄᴏɴsᴛʀᴜᴄᴛ” + /ʀòzóː/ “medicine” lit. “medicine bone”, referring to the use of condor bones in folk medicine. Replaced the earlier rahśeʔ after the latter began to be applied to other birds of prey. https://kwaco.tumblr.com/post/...
by Šọ̈́gala
Fri Dec 15, 2017 12:46 am
Forum: Conlangery & Conworlds
Topic: Lexember 2017
Replies: 43
Views: 15852

Re: Lexember 2017

Vaq’ǫ̂ʔ Nąśą day 14: rahśeʔ /ràhʃéʔ/ n. “raptor, bird of prey” < /zàt͡ʃ/~/zàʃ/ “large, intense” + /kèkà/ “wing” (with apocope) lit. “great-wing”. Note that this term originally referred specifically to the condor, but more recently has been applied generally to any bird of prey. https://kwaco.tumblr...
by Šọ̈́gala
Thu Dec 14, 2017 1:49 am
Forum: Conlangery & Conworlds
Topic: Lexember 2017
Replies: 43
Views: 15852

Re: Lexember 2017

Vaq’ǫ̂ʔ Nąśą day 13: kahsāhe /káhsáːhé/ v. “to forage, to search for food, to gather edible wild plants, to engage in harmless gossip” < /kàʃt͡ʃáb/ “food.ᴄᴏɴsᴛʀᴜᴄᴛ” + /sì/ “ᴠʙᴢ” lit. “to food”. Note that this term can be used with an animal or human subject with somewhat different meanings. Of human...
by Šọ̈́gala
Thu Dec 14, 2017 1:48 am
Forum: Conlangery & Conworlds
Topic: Lexember 2017
Replies: 43
Views: 15852

Re: Lexember 2017

Vijay wrote:Don't worry, I remember I had a professor who pointed out that linguists tend to like using morbid examples anyway. ;)
Nothing accentuates the roles of agent and patient so much as the act of killing.
by Šọ̈́gala
Wed Dec 13, 2017 2:17 am
Forum: Conlangery & Conworlds
Topic: Lexember 2017
Replies: 43
Views: 15852

Re: Lexember 2017

Vaq’ǫ̂ʔ Nąśą day 12: aseʔt'äʔ /àséʔtʼáʔ/ n. “beehive”

< /ʔàt͡ʃèp/ “house.ᴄᴏɴsᴛʀᴜᴄᴛ” + /dàt/ “net, lace”

lit. “netting-house”

https://kwaco.tumblr.com/post/168494474 ... ber-day-12
by Šọ̈́gala
Tue Dec 12, 2017 12:51 am
Forum: Conlangery & Conworlds
Topic: Lexember 2017
Replies: 43
Views: 15852

Re: Lexember 2017

Vaq’ǫ̂ʔ Nąśą day 11: khāśadhá /xáːʃáðǎ̀ː/ n. “flamingo”

< / skáː(d)kàd/ “pink (one), ruddy (one)” + /ⁿdáʔ/ “black (one)”

lit. “pink-black”, a dvandva compound

https://kwaco.tumblr.com/post/168456223 ... ber-day-11
by Šọ̈́gala
Tue Dec 12, 2017 12:49 am
Forum: Conlangery & Conworlds
Topic: Lexember 2017
Replies: 43
Views: 15852

Re: Lexember 2017

It's plenty taken off from my perspective. Lots of Lexember activity on conlang-l and tumblr. Not sure what the Zeeb's deal is.
by Šọ̈́gala
Mon Dec 11, 2017 3:15 am
Forum: Conlangery & Conworlds
Topic: Lexember 2017
Replies: 43
Views: 15852

Re: Lexember 2017

Vaq’ǫ̂ʔ Nąśą day 10: nąmąśá /nã̀mã̀ʃǎ́/ n. “a type of large evergreen tree, healthy (person), robust (person)” < /nàᵐbáː/ “to taper” + /kàʔ/ “ɴᴇɢ.ᴀɴᴍᴢ” lit. “not-taperer”, referring to the shape of the tree’s trunk compared to other similar tree species https://kwaco.tumblr.com/post/168422956232/lex...