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What is the origin of the tocharian's secondary cases?

In a system with /p b t d k ʔ/ would it be fine to do k ʔ > g k just to fill the gap ? There was a /g/ earlier in this system, but it became /ɣ/.

I wanted to know more about it, however my googlefu failed me. Help ?

/tʼɑnfɤsː/ <Thanfëz> /m mː n nː/ <m mm n nn> /p pʼ pː pʼː t tʼ tː tʼː kʷ kʷʼ kʷː kʷʼː/ <p ph b bh t th d dh k kh g gh> /ts tsʼ tsː tsʼː tʃ tʃʼ tʃː tʃʼː/ <ț țh ḑ ḑh ç çh c ch> /f fː s sː ʃ ʃː ɕ ɕː x xː χ χː ħ ħː/ <f v s z ś ź ş j x ğ ḫ ġ ḩ ģ> /j jː w wː r rː ɮ ɮː/ <y yy w ww r rr l ll> /i y ɯ u e ø ɤ...

/tʼafeʁː/

/m mː n nː/
/p pʼ pː pʷʼ pʼː kʷ kʷʼ kʷː kʷʼː t tʼ tː tʼː/
/ts tsʼ tsː tsʼː tʃ tʃʼ tʃː tʃʼː/
/f fː s sː ɕ ɕː ʃʷː ʃʷ ʃː ʃ x xː χ χʷ χː χʷː ʁ ʁʷ ʁː ʁʷː ħ ħː/
/j jː w wː r ɮ/

/i u e o ə a/
/iː uː eː oː əː aː/

/aːɮ fetsʼ tsʼeħ seʃja tsʼeːɕpaʁteseːts tʃʼeħː ʃets tʃʼəɮəf afrono ħeːtħan/

Why pick English and pick Brazilian Portuguese ? You'll need to pick a dialect of English, as different dialects have radically different vowel sets. (For a good feel of the variety, look at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects , and remember that ...

How do you pronounce the name "Mainus" ?

Let's do this ! Wrotham /roθæm/ Meopham /miəfæm/ Vigo /vajgo/ Mereworth /miriworθ/ Trottiscliffe /tratɪsklɪf/ Capel-le-Ferne /kepɛl li fɚn/ Exceat /ɛksit/ Beult /bjult/ Boughton Malherbe /bɔtn̩ mælhɚb/ Hougham /hawgæm/ Lympne /lɪmpn̩/ Hainault /henɔlt/ Steyning /stinɪŋ/ Bowie /bowi/ Youghiogheny /ja...

r > x - Listed twice This /r/ is the new one that came from z > r. n > h/V_V - Discussed above in relation to a question from Ahzoh, seems plausible enough h > ŋ - I'm still not sure on this from the last time you asked. Maybe? Happened in Nyole. There it went like this n > h̃ > ŋ . ʎ ɲ > jl jn Hap...

I wanted to go from /m n ɲ/ /p b t d k g/ /β f s z ʃ ʒ/ /ts dz tʃ dʒ/ /l ʎ r ɾ/ to /m n ŋ/ /p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ/ /ts tʃ/ /f v s ʃ x h/ /j l ɾ/ And to achieve that I came up with followings changes n > h/V_V h > ŋ ʒ > ʃ dz dʒ > ts tʃ β > v r > x z > r ʎ ɲ > jl jn x > h r > x p b t d k g > pʰ p tʰ t kʰ k H...

I'm looking to get more into Latin's linguistic history, particularly I'm really interested in Galician-Portuguese/Old Portuguese/Medieval Galician and the development of Portuguese, but all other Iberian Romance languages are welcome as well. So, can anyone recommend any good texts so I can get som...

Done and sent. Oh wow.

I'm never entirely sure on this kind of notation (I don't use it a lot myself), but if it means initially as well, without a preceding vowel, I guess it would be unlikely. Like, between vowels, yeah, but not initially as well. Initial voicing is something normal AFAIK. It happened in German and Dut...

I had some ideas and I wanted feedback on them: tʲ dʲ > tʃ dʒ nʲ > ɲ x > h > ŋ ʃ > x ʒ > ʃ rʲ lʲ > ʎ ʋ > w z > r x > h b d g > β ð ɣ p t k > b d g/{# V}_V β ɣ > v h w > f EDIT: Ṽ >Vː e o > ɛ ɔ i u > e o C > Cǝ/{C #}_{C #} V > ǝ (short vowels in unstressed syllables after the stressed syllable) Vː > V

I know ɲ >j̃ is a thing, but how about this:

n̠ʲ > j̃

Could it work/happen ?

EDIT:

Also

c ɟ k g > k g q ɢ ?

Viktor77 wrote:

Vijay wrote:Maybe we could have Atrulfal do Spanish to Portuguese and jmcd do Portuguese to German?

Ah! Perfect! I didn't see that!

Ok, Atrulfal, you're going from Spanish to Portuguese and JMCD you are now going from Portuguese to German.

Ok!

You can join at the end but you'd have to be able to translate from Danish. And unfortunately you will be translating into English. But you will be producing the final product. Ops, I don't know Danish that well, or anything at all about it to be precise, so . . . yeah sorry. What languages can you...

Is it too late or maybe could I still join ?

Okay that was overdone, therefore something new. <Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us, and lead us not into tem...

Irish, slavic edition /mˠ mʲ n̪ˠ nʲ ɲ ŋ/ <м м н н њ њ> /pˠ pʲ t̪ˠ tʲ c k/ <п п т т к к> /bˠ bʲ d̪ˠ dʲ ɟ ɡ/ <б б д д ґ ґ> /fˠ fʲ sˠ ʃ ç x h/ <ф ф с с х х г> /w vʲ j ɣ/ <в в й й> /ɾˠ ɾʲ/ <р р> /l̪ˠ lʲ/ <л л> /ʲiː ʲɪ ʲuː ʲʊ ʲeː ʲoː ʲə ʲɛ ʲɔ ʲa ʲaː ʲ0/ <ї́ ї ю́ ю є́ ё́ ы є ё я я́ ь> /ʲəi ʲəu ʲiə ʲuə/ <ы...

Pogostick Man wrote:/g/ became pharyngeal in one European language. I want to say it was Iberian in origin but the name escapes me right now.

Galician ?

Yes, I think so . . . but what exactly do you mean with that ? WeepingElf is asking whether this language is intended to be a member of the Indo-European language family . Actually, it looks specifically Germanic. It does. It looks like some lost branch of Germanic. Several of the lexemes and the v...

WeepingElf wrote:This is an Indo-European language, right?

Yes, I think so . . . but what exactly do you mean with that ?

I think I just created a euphemism for murder. Ir ada avaladar tyuda. This language has one of the simplest fusional systems ever. It seems like a lot of meaning will have to be carried by derivation or clitics and particles. Great language! I really like word byunan. Haha, indeed. Thanks mèþru! De...

a ɐ e ɒ ɑ o > æ ɜ ɪ ɔ ʌ u kw gw nw hw > p b m f z > r p̚ t̚ k̚ > ʔ θ > t /dis fɜ.ˈdu.ɹɜ iˈwi ˈsʌw ˈpɹwæd.li ɜˈpwʌ miˈhid r ˈmu dɜ dʒɜsʔ ɜ ˈpɜs ɜb ˈklæ.si ˈhid.wi, ˈiʔ ˈsɪ.bɜ.ˌli.rɜr miˌjɪˈti.lɜ.dʒɜs ɜd ɪˈli.tɜ.mɜʔ. ˌɪˈti.lɜ.dʒɜs biˈstʌwd ɜˈpwɜ miˈbi miˈfæd ˈwʌjʔ ɜd ˈstʌ.di.ɪ, ˈmæʔ bi sɜ ˈfʌw.ni ˈbæd...