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Ñ E M K Ä LY W E

Madai tüntö /ˈtyn.tø/ Bor Hlu twidwae [tɥiⁿdɥɛ]
Madai kivütö /ki.ˈβy.tø/ Bor Hlu kiḅwitwae [kiɓɥitɥɛ]
Madai tisö /ˈti.sø/ Bor Hlu tiswae [tisɥɛ]
Madai tistö /ˈtis.tø/ Bor Hlu tihltwae [tiɬtɥɛ]

I'm not sure I understand. The whole point is that ablaut only acted on the original low vowels. In principle, every instance of /aː/ is susceptible to being shortened to /a/ because ablaut was just that widespread. What? The six-vowel explanation for Brugmann's Law is that ablaut-alternant *o was ...

I would hazard an American comparison for the Comorian thing: it's a bit like a village in the Midwest suddenly Concerned about Mexicans when Trump starts his campaign. I don't think that comparison does what you want it to do. Let's say you live in Ruritania, and Ruritania has started allowing mas...

Madai tön /tøn/ :> Kannow t'èneja / tènot' [tʷʼeˈneʝa]/[ˈtʷʼenətʼ] Madai ïv /ɯʊ̯/ :> Kannow ygun / ygut' [ˈʔɨu̯ɣʷun]/[ˈʔɨu̯ɣʷutʼ] Madai tīla /ˈtiː.la/ :> Kannow t'yylasʼ / t'yylás [ˈtʼɨːɮatsʼ]/[ˈtʼɨːɮao̯sʷ] Madai tila /ˈti.la/ :> Kannow t'ylan / t'ylat' [ˈtʼɨɮan]/[ˈtʼɨɮatʼ] (definite/indefinite)

It seems bizarre that the only time /a:/ would show up is in the ablaut system. Nah, not really, given that it's largely only detectable because of ablaut. It's like saying "it seems bizarre that we can only internally distinguish Germanic *e and *i in Gothic on the basis of their ablaut alternants...

Unfortunately, while the /a: a i u/ vowel system sometimes attributed to pre-PIE (with *a: *a > *o *e for PIE proper) looks a lot like a less vertical form of the NWC /a: a ə/, the NWC long vowel seems to be a recent development. I've actually gone further and speculated about a possible full trian...

Proto-rəgyam tusinae [tʊsɪnǣ] :> Gyitha tosimne [toĩɲæ] Proto-rəgyam ikiuwasae [ɪkɨwɐsǣ] :> Gyitha ikuase [iɤæ] Proto-rəgyam tiyasou [tɪjɐsō] :> Gyitha tiuso [ceɾo] Proto-rəgyam tiwasiukou [tɪwɐsɨkō] :> Gyitha tuasoko [tɤɾoo] Classical Latin TUSINA /ˈtʊ.sɪ.nä/ :> Gyitha tosimna [toĩna] Classical Lat...

So, I consider it likely that *h 3 = *h 2 w , whatever *h 2 may have been I've seen it proposed somewhere that there was a PIE phoneme *h 2 w -- that would have to be rejected. I have already laid out yesterday what may have been the reason that there was no palatalized uvular stop - uvular stops b...

Didn't Basque have something like *VnV > *Vh̃V > VV̯n?

Sotho has *MP *MB > p_h p_>.

Well Reddit had no interest in this map I made but perhaps you all will find something interesting. I compiled all of the data myself from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. It took 2 weeks to hand color every county. https://www.flickr.com/photos/34700001@N06/39306140660/in/dateposted-public/ someone...

Proto-rəgyam tutiseei ne [tʊtɪsēː nɛ̄] Gejaehl Hlu tutsingnae [tut̚s̺iŋnæ]
Proto-rəgyam ikiurisee [ʔɪkɨɾɪsɛ̄ː] Gejaehl Hlu ikueysae [ikɯjs̺æ]
Proto-rəgyam kisoou [kɪsōː] Gejaehl Hlu kiso [kis̺o]
Proto-rəgyam tarasakoou [tɐɾɐsɐkōː] Gejaehl Hlu toeyoesko [tɤjɤs̺ko]

So the main problems with the simple version of the velar fricative model (*h1=front velar, *h2=back velar, *h3=labiovelar) are, to summarize: 1. *h2 is much more common than an unlabialized back velar fricative would be expected to be. 2. Why do velar fricatives colour *e, but not velar stops ? 3....

If the alt right is your thing: Having read Prometheus and Atlas, Jason Reza Jorjani comes across as a more sophisticated thinker than Jordan Peterson. He's wrong about everything, of course. These Nazi types never seem to realize that you can't have a lasting government run by geniuses. Not only w...

Daemon would mostly be known from Unix nowadays -- how do sysadmins pronounce it? I don't think I've ever heard it not homophonous with demon . Interesting. I would say that Americans are significantly more likely to have familiarity with Spanish than French, actually--who doesn't know greetings/ho...

Regular correspondences are PIE *o *ō > PToch *æ *ā. Might be an umlaut process in pre-PToch that demonstrates an earlier rounded value for *æ, dunno. Wikipedia lists ā$ǽ > å$å. Kuemmel says : Some nouns (old neuter u-stems) show a superficially similar vowel alternation: cf. TB singular or ‘wood’, ...

English 'laryngeal vocalization' can be explained as vowel epenthesis, so there's that. Are there any schwas at any point in PIE that could've merged with *e early on in pre-Greek?

Hlu: duychuewe khoelueyi *deku 'plan, rule' + *-ya (abstract collectivizer) > *dekuya > duy 'order' > duychue 'disorder' *guta~guta 'pick up' (maj.) > khoelue 'gain' Or, alternatively, Amqoli: shpredryekrega , a straightforward instrumental compound of shpredri 'shock' and krega 'profit'. Next: heur...

-əl either merges into -əw (back when I didn't have a Gameboy but heard people talking about Pokemon I picked up that there was one called /bijdrijəw/ ) or becomes -uw. The rest seem stable for now, unless you're assuming nonrhoticity, which I wouldn't for future AmEng because sociolinguistics. So i...

Zarali liaigdamisia b̌guxesia ďga pheda bgulsi hamais gioḍursi khri meli. Bgulsi keda budrasie buġiugru b̌guxe tiuli, liosi ghą mera tkemais lipie tiugli thiąskulu mera dzexa zgu lie tiuphe. Gioḍure zga kharsi bo giu lkiare ghaskulu. Zarali lada byšxal az ḍures liaḍu nų mąpha mazo mera ďga keti ḍub...

Amqoli /pʰ tʰ tsʰ tʃʰ kʰ qʰ/ /p t ts tʃ k q/ /b d dz dʒ g/ /s ʃ x h/ /z ʒ/ /m l r/ /ʎ rʲ/ /a e o i u/ Voiced plosives /b d g/ lenite to fricatives in most environments. Prenasalized voiced stops /ⁿb ⁿd ⁿdz ⁿdʒ ⁿg/ may be phonemic; /ⁿd ⁿdz ⁿdʒ/ contrast with /md mdz mdʒ/, and there's generally no /n/...

I would expect vocalization.

ʔɛ́k ɗæ̀im ɾɑ̤ sʊlæ̰i ɾæ̀ ɓo̰k jɛ̀m ɾæ̀ kʰɛ́ɛm hɨ̄m bɑ̰ ʔī jí ɾɑ̤ jo̤o hɨ̄m cík mæ̀ lɛ̰ lǣ ʔɛ́k kɾí ɗæ̀im ɾɑ̤ tɪhǽu mɑ̀ ɡɑ̄ tæ̀. 1S play as peasant or person hill or slave one CLASS and NEG as animal one CLASS if COMP 1S would play as role INST PROX.S CLASS If I were to roleplay in this language, i...

/m n ɲ (ŋ)/ /p b t d k g q/ /ts dz tʃ (dʒ)/ /f v s z ʃ ʒ ɬ ɣ h/ /r l j/ /i y u/ /e ø o/ /æ ɑ ɔ/ /ie yø uo ei øy ou æi ɑi ɑu oi/ /ɑpɑn ʒæk jæɣpitlɑtin tɑmnu bøɣɑnɑ. mæk buhɑɣpit. ɑisu gid budzɑqi mæk tsɑdinul ʃɑɣulutid ɑisuneʒ. bælig ɑisuneʒ? leqip slɑvid jɑ mɑdʒɑrid jɑ romɑnid jɑ tyrkid ɑisunid ɲiet...