It looks rather like you could cut a corner or two by declaring that *r splits to lenis r and fortis R, then R s, and *h *ʔ drop before any obstruents.Whimemsz wrote:Incidentally, I finally got around to updating my many-year-old post on Proto-Algonquian > Ojibwe. So now it's almost accurate! And stuff.
The Correspondence Library
- Tropylium⁺
- Lebom
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Re: The Correspondence Library
Not actually new.
Re: The Correspondence Library
Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic sound changes, from Ringe (2006).
O = obstruent, V = syllabic phoneme, C = consonant, T = coronal stop, K = dorsal stop
^ indicates a negative environment--the change does not happen if this environment applies.
(...) indicates an optional phoneme
{...|...} indicates any of the phonemes within
I've used two dots (..) to indicate a syllable break with any number of consonants around it.
There's probably established notation for all of these but I don't know it yet.
e → a / _h₂, h₂_
e → o / _h₃, h₃_
H → Ø / #_, _V
oː → oːː / _# (an 'overlong' /o/, the exact nature is uncertain; this happens before postvocalic laryngeal loss)
Ḱ → K
TsT → ss
m, m̩ → n, n̩ / _#
a{a|e|o}, e{a|e|o}, o{a|e|o} → aːː, eːː, oːː
(that is, sequences of vowels that are not syllabic consonants contract into single overlong vowels. Only /oːː/ has distinctive reflexes from /oː/)
eH, oH, aH → eː, oː, aː
h₃, h₂ → g / _w
iH, uH, m̩H, n̩H, r̩H, l̩H → iː, uː, m̩ː, n̩ː, r̩ː, l̩ː
H → ə / C_C
m̩(ː), n̩(ː), r̩(ː), l̩(ː) → um, un, ur, ul
j → i / {VːC|CC+}_
i → j / ^{V:C|CC+}_
m → n / _T (this happens before interconsonantal laryngeal loss based on MHG samt 'sand' < PIE *sámh₂dʰos)
Vː, Vːː → V / _SC
Cː → C / {C|Vː}_
ln → ll
nw → nn
Cu → Cw / #_
Kw → Kʷ
Kʷ → K / _u, u(C)_
o, a, e → Ø / _#, ^#C*_
If the deleted vowel was stressed, stress retracts to the new final syllable
j, w → Ø / C_#
p, t, k, kʷ → ɸ, θ, x, xʷ / ^O_
b, d, g, gʷ → p, t, k, kʷ
bʰ, dʰ, gʰ, gʷʰ → b, d, g, gʷ
ɸ, θ, x, xʷ, s → β, ð, ɣ, ɣʷ, z / V[-stressed].._ (unless adjacent to another voiceless consonant)
zm → mm
Stress moves to initial syllable
Vn → V[+nasalised] / _#
(there are two exceptions to the above change in 'seven' and 'nine', which Ringe explains by saying they had a *d suffixed by analogy from *déḱm̥d 'ten')
t → Ø / V_#, ^#C*V_ (Ringe says that all word-final *t in PIE was replaced by *d; without this rule *θ must be lost also)
ə → a / _[+stressed]
ew → ow / _[-stressed]C
w → Ø / V[+rounded-stressed]_V[+rounded-stressed]
o(ː)(ː) → a(ː)(ː)
ẽː → ãː
e → i / _[-stressed] / ^_r
e → i / _..j, _..i
e → i / _NC
ej → iː
ji → i
ə → Ø / C_C
ɣʷ → b / #_
ɣʷ → w, g (always > *w intervocalically, *ɣ may have been the outcome after *l or before *j, but analogical levellings make it very uncertain)
j → Ø / V_V (not after *j or *w)
VV → Vː (I'm not sure if the vowels need to be the same)
V({j|w}) → Ø / Vː_ (in vowel sequences produced by *j-loss)
əi → aj
i, u → ij, uw / _V
aː(ː) → oː(ː)
VN → V[+nasalised]ː / _{x|xʷ}
O = obstruent, V = syllabic phoneme, C = consonant, T = coronal stop, K = dorsal stop
^ indicates a negative environment--the change does not happen if this environment applies.
(...) indicates an optional phoneme
{...|...} indicates any of the phonemes within
I've used two dots (..) to indicate a syllable break with any number of consonants around it.
There's probably established notation for all of these but I don't know it yet.
e → a / _h₂, h₂_
e → o / _h₃, h₃_
H → Ø / #_, _V
oː → oːː / _# (an 'overlong' /o/, the exact nature is uncertain; this happens before postvocalic laryngeal loss)
Ḱ → K
TsT → ss
m, m̩ → n, n̩ / _#
a{a|e|o}, e{a|e|o}, o{a|e|o} → aːː, eːː, oːː
(that is, sequences of vowels that are not syllabic consonants contract into single overlong vowels. Only /oːː/ has distinctive reflexes from /oː/)
eH, oH, aH → eː, oː, aː
h₃, h₂ → g / _w
iH, uH, m̩H, n̩H, r̩H, l̩H → iː, uː, m̩ː, n̩ː, r̩ː, l̩ː
H → ə / C_C
m̩(ː), n̩(ː), r̩(ː), l̩(ː) → um, un, ur, ul
j → i / {VːC|CC+}_
i → j / ^{V:C|CC+}_
m → n / _T (this happens before interconsonantal laryngeal loss based on MHG samt 'sand' < PIE *sámh₂dʰos)
Vː, Vːː → V / _SC
Cː → C / {C|Vː}_
ln → ll
nw → nn
Cu → Cw / #_
Kw → Kʷ
Kʷ → K / _u, u(C)_
o, a, e → Ø / _#, ^#C*_
If the deleted vowel was stressed, stress retracts to the new final syllable
j, w → Ø / C_#
p, t, k, kʷ → ɸ, θ, x, xʷ / ^O_
b, d, g, gʷ → p, t, k, kʷ
bʰ, dʰ, gʰ, gʷʰ → b, d, g, gʷ
ɸ, θ, x, xʷ, s → β, ð, ɣ, ɣʷ, z / V[-stressed].._ (unless adjacent to another voiceless consonant)
zm → mm
Stress moves to initial syllable
Vn → V[+nasalised] / _#
(there are two exceptions to the above change in 'seven' and 'nine', which Ringe explains by saying they had a *d suffixed by analogy from *déḱm̥d 'ten')
t → Ø / V_#, ^#C*V_ (Ringe says that all word-final *t in PIE was replaced by *d; without this rule *θ must be lost also)
ə → a / _[+stressed]
ew → ow / _[-stressed]C
w → Ø / V[+rounded-stressed]_V[+rounded-stressed]
o(ː)(ː) → a(ː)(ː)
ẽː → ãː
e → i / _[-stressed] / ^_r
e → i / _..j, _..i
e → i / _NC
ej → iː
ji → i
ə → Ø / C_C
ɣʷ → b / #_
ɣʷ → w, g (always > *w intervocalically, *ɣ may have been the outcome after *l or before *j, but analogical levellings make it very uncertain)
j → Ø / V_V (not after *j or *w)
VV → Vː (I'm not sure if the vowels need to be the same)
V({j|w}) → Ø / Vː_ (in vowel sequences produced by *j-loss)
əi → aj
i, u → ij, uw / _V
aː(ː) → oː(ː)
VN → V[+nasalised]ː / _{x|xʷ}
Re: The Correspondence Library
Anyone think they could get VL>Portuguese together?
Re: The Correspondence Library
Yes, I could, most likely.dhokarena56 wrote:Anyone think they could get VL>Portuguese together?
Salmoneus wrote:(NB Dewrad is behaving like an adult - a petty, sarcastic and uncharitable adult, admittedly, but none the less note the infinitely higher quality of flame)
-
- Avisaru
- Posts: 385
- Joined: Fri Mar 12, 2010 6:30 pm
Re: The Correspondence Library
Okay, then, will you do it?Dewrad wrote:Yes, I could, most likely.dhokarena56 wrote:Anyone think they could get VL>Portuguese together?
The Conlanger Formerly Known As Aiďos
Re: The Correspondence Library
Probably not. Every time I've gone out of my way in order to give a helpful response to one of dhokarena's queries I've never got a word of thanks for it. So yeah, I could, but I don't have any pressing reason to spend my time doing so.Canepari wrote:Okay, then, will you do it?Dewrad wrote:Yes, I could, most likely.dhokarena56 wrote:Anyone think they could get VL>Portuguese together?
Salmoneus wrote:(NB Dewrad is behaving like an adult - a petty, sarcastic and uncharitable adult, admittedly, but none the less note the infinitely higher quality of flame)
-
- Avisaru
- Posts: 807
- Joined: Wed Dec 28, 2005 2:58 pm
Re: The Correspondence Library
I would thank you.Dewrad wrote:Probably not. Every time I've gone out of my way in order to give a helpful response to one of dhokarena's queries I've never got a word of thanks for it. So yeah, I could, but I don't have any pressing reason to spend my time doing so.Canepari wrote:Okay, then, will you do it?Dewrad wrote:Yes, I could, most likely.dhokarena56 wrote:Anyone think they could get VL>Portuguese together?
In fact, I'll thank you in advance, right now.
I know that doesn't constitute a pressing reason to spend your time on it, but maybe it's one less reason not to.
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- Avisaru
- Posts: 385
- Joined: Fri Mar 12, 2010 6:30 pm
-
- Avisaru
- Posts: 385
- Joined: Fri Mar 12, 2010 6:30 pm
Re: The Correspondence Library
Thank you, Dewrad. (double post intentional)
The Conlanger Formerly Known As Aiďos
-
- Avisaru
- Posts: 385
- Joined: Fri Mar 12, 2010 6:30 pm
Re: The Correspondence Library
There's two more reasons for you to do it.
The Conlanger Formerly Known As Aiďos
- Nortaneous
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- Posts: 4544
- Joined: Mon Apr 13, 2009 1:52 am
- Location: the Imperial Corridor
Re: The Correspondence Library
?Wikipedia wrote:Yinwum is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Yinwum people. It is unknown when it went extinct.[1] Historically, it underwent some unusual phonological changes that are difficult to classify and understand in phonetic terms.
This sounds interesting. Can anyone find it?
Siöö jandeng raiglin zåbei tandiüłåd;
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
Re: The Correspondence Library
A quick JSTOR search turns up a few articles. The most promising is a 1964 paper by Kenneth Hale titled 'Classification of Northern Paman Languages, Cape York Peninsula, Australia: A Research Report'. There's a lot of sound changes in this paper; here's an excerpt:Nortaneous wrote:?Wikipedia wrote:Yinwum is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Yinwum people. It is unknown when it went extinct.[1] Historically, it underwent some unusual phonological changes that are difficult to classify and understand in phonetic terms.
This sounds interesting. Can anyone find it?
Let's see if this file uploader thing worked: http://www.fileden.com/files/2011/3/30/ ... e_1964.pdfIn Yinwum, for example, medial stops (*S) were nasalized after *CV1 in which *C1 was a nasal. After loss of the initial, this prenasalization survived, and, in modern Yinwum, prenasalized stops contrast with plain stops which also reflect medial *S but do so only where the preceding syllable began in a non-nasal. Thus:
*nyipul > npul 'you non-sg'
*nyatyi- > ntyi- 'to see'
*ŋiˑtya- > intya- 'to put on, apply'
*mukuR > nkur 'mother's older brother'
but,
*yapu-tyu > pyu-y 'younger brother'
*kuˑtyi-ma > utyi-m 'two'
*pakay > kaR 'down'
Kuku-kuku kaki kakak kakekku kaku kaku.
'the toenails of my grandfather's elder brother are stiff'
'the toenails of my grandfather's elder brother are stiff'
Re: The Correspondence Library
I just get redirected to the main site.
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- Avisaru
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- Joined: Fri Mar 12, 2010 6:30 pm
- Tropylium⁺
- Lebom
- Posts: 77
- Joined: Fri Nov 19, 2010 4:21 pm
- Location: Finland
Re: The Correspondence Library
Works for me.
In all Northern Paman languages, except Uraδi and its sister dialects, *C1 was lost invariably. Even in Uraδi, the prevailing tendency has been toward initial loss, although *C1 is sometimes positively reflected in that language.
In Yinwum, initial laminal consonants (*tʸ, *nʸ, *y) had the effect of fronting central or back vowels which
followed in the same stem. Thus, in *CV₂, *a was fronted to /i/ if *CV₁ was short and began in a laminal
Doesn't sound *that* odd tho…The vowel in *CV₁ also exerted an umlauting effect on *V₂ in some languages. In Yinwum, *i in *CV₂ was lowered to /e/ if
*V₁ was *a and if the intervening *C2 was non-laminal.
Not actually new.
- Niedokonany
- Lebom
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- Location: Kliwia Czarna
Re: The Correspondence Library
Common Slavic > Polish
My primary sources are Gramatyka historyczna języka polskiego by Klemensewicz et al. and GHJP (same title) by Dubisz and Długosz-Kurczabowa.
link
or maybe this will work
you can ask me by PM about various details if it is still too chaotic for your particular needs, I don't have the time to further rectify this shit ATM
My primary sources are Gramatyka historyczna języka polskiego by Klemensewicz et al. and GHJP (same title) by Dubisz and Długosz-Kurczabowa.
link
or maybe this will work
you can ask me by PM about various details if it is still too chaotic for your particular needs, I don't have the time to further rectify this shit ATM
Last edited by Niedokonany on Tue Apr 26, 2011 9:40 am, edited 1 time in total.
uciekajcie od światów konających
Re: The Correspondence Library
Thanks for putting that up, but I get a gateway time-out and neither can open the file nor download it.Xiądz Faust wrote:Common Slavic > Polish
My primary sources are Gramatyka historyczna języka polskiego by Klemensewicz et al. and GHJP (same title) by Dubisz and Długosz-Kurczabowa.
link
you can ask me by PM about various details if it is still too chaotic for your particular needs, I don't have the time to further rectify this shit ATM
- Niedokonany
- Lebom
- Posts: 244
- Joined: Thu Jun 28, 2007 10:31 pm
- Location: Kliwia Czarna
Re: The Correspondence Library
Try another link, for some reason my website has gone down.hwhatting wrote: Thanks for putting that up, but I get a gateway time-out and neither can open the file nor download it.
uciekajcie od światów konających
Re: The Correspondence Library
You have that file in another place as well? Or which other link can I try?Xiądz Faust wrote: Try another link, for some reason my website has gone down.
- Niedokonany
- Lebom
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- Location: Kliwia Czarna
Re: The Correspondence Library
I've edited that post.hwhatting wrote:You have that file in another place as well? Or which other link can I try?Xiądz Faust wrote: Try another link, for some reason my website has gone down.
uciekajcie od światów konających
- Niedokonany
- Lebom
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- Joined: Thu Jun 28, 2007 10:31 pm
- Location: Kliwia Czarna
Re: The Correspondence Library
If everything fails, send me your email address and I'll send it there. Both links are now working just fine and dandy for me, though. You have to click "Pobierz plik" in the second one.
uciekajcie od światów konających
Re: The Correspondence Library
Dzięki!Xiądz Faust wrote:If everything fails, send me your email address and I'll send it there. Both links are now working just fine and dandy for me, though. You have to click "Pobierz plik" in the second one.
And sorry for the late response, I didn't visit the board for some time.
(At first, I thought "What the heck - hamsters?" My daughter has a hamster and most hamster food you can buy in Almaty is made in Poland, for whatever reason, so I was really asking myself what's going on here. Took me a while to get the pun.)
Re: The Correspondence Library
This is possibly the most delightfully surrealistic exchange I've read in a while. So much so that I do not even wish to have the pun explained to me.hwhatting wrote:Dzięki!Xiądz Faust wrote:If everything fails, send me your email address and I'll send it there. Both links are now working just fine and dandy for me, though. You have to click "Pobierz plik" in the second one.
And sorry for the late response, I didn't visit the board for some time.
(At first, I thought "What the heck - hamsters?" My daughter has a hamster and most hamster food you can buy in Almaty is made in Poland, for whatever reason, so I was really asking myself what's going on here. Took me a while to get the pun.)
Golden age set the moral standard, the Silver Age revised it, the Bronze Age broke free of it and the Rust Age ran wild with it. -- A. David Lewis
We're all under strict orders not to bite the newbies. -- Amaya
We're all under strict orders not to bite the newbies. -- Amaya
Re: The Correspondence Library
The Middle Chinese to modern Cantonese vowel shift
Source: Newman, J. 1983. Cantonese vowel shift. Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale XII.1: 65-79.
Forms with asterisks are Middle Chinese (MC)
Prior to the Cantonese vowel shift the following sound changes took place:
1. Back assimilation: a>ɔ/__ ŋ/k
2. Vowel coloring:
uən/t>ɔn/t
yən/t>œn/t
iəŋ/k>iŋ/k
3. Diphthongization:
i>əi/{labio-velat}__
u>əu
e.g.: *liu ʽwillow’>liau>lau
*kui ʽexpensive’>kuai>kʷai
4. Open syllable lengthening: V>V:/__# e.g.: *ka ʽfamily’>ka:
The Cantonese vowel shift (also refered to as the inner-outer flip):
In the push chain account proposed by Newman, the Cantonese vowel shift was triggered by the change *ə>a which in turn caused an original *a to either lengthen or raise to ə when after an onglide (it isn’t quite clear to me in what environments precisely *a lengthened or raised). The push chain had the following consequences on the diphthong system:
Diphthongs having arose by step 3 above:
əi>ai
əu>au
iəu>au (the glide deletes by effect of the rule below)
Original MC diphthongs:
*ai>a:i
*au>a:u
*iau>iəu>iu (happens after the ə deletes, see rule below)
Other unrelated changes which have an effect on the overal outcome of the shifted forms:
ə>∅/glide__ e.g.: *pian ʽwhip’>piən>pin, c.f. *piən ʽguest’>pian>pan
glide>∅/C__ e.g.: *liəm ʽforest’>liam>lam
Source: Newman, J. 1983. Cantonese vowel shift. Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale XII.1: 65-79.
Forms with asterisks are Middle Chinese (MC)
Prior to the Cantonese vowel shift the following sound changes took place:
1. Back assimilation: a>ɔ/__ ŋ/k
2. Vowel coloring:
uən/t>ɔn/t
yən/t>œn/t
iəŋ/k>iŋ/k
3. Diphthongization:
i>əi/{labio-velat}__
u>əu
e.g.: *liu ʽwillow’>liau>lau
*kui ʽexpensive’>kuai>kʷai
4. Open syllable lengthening: V>V:/__# e.g.: *ka ʽfamily’>ka:
The Cantonese vowel shift (also refered to as the inner-outer flip):
In the push chain account proposed by Newman, the Cantonese vowel shift was triggered by the change *ə>a which in turn caused an original *a to either lengthen or raise to ə when after an onglide (it isn’t quite clear to me in what environments precisely *a lengthened or raised). The push chain had the following consequences on the diphthong system:
Diphthongs having arose by step 3 above:
əi>ai
əu>au
iəu>au (the glide deletes by effect of the rule below)
Original MC diphthongs:
*ai>a:i
*au>a:u
*iau>iəu>iu (happens after the ə deletes, see rule below)
Other unrelated changes which have an effect on the overal outcome of the shifted forms:
ə>∅/glide__ e.g.: *pian ʽwhip’>piən>pin, c.f. *piən ʽguest’>pian>pan
glide>∅/C__ e.g.: *liəm ʽforest’>liam>lam
"Brothers will battle to bloody end,
and sisters' sons their sib betray;
woe's in the world, much wantonness;
axe-age, sword-age, cloven shields,
wind-age, wolf-age, ere the world crumbles;
will the spear of no man spare the other."
-->Voluspa
and sisters' sons their sib betray;
woe's in the world, much wantonness;
axe-age, sword-age, cloven shields,
wind-age, wolf-age, ere the world crumbles;
will the spear of no man spare the other."
-->Voluspa
- Pogostick Man
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Re: The Correspondence Library
Dziękuję!Xiądz Faust wrote:Common Slavic > Polish
My primary sources are Gramatyka historyczna języka polskiego by Klemensewicz et al. and GHJP (same title) by Dubisz and Długosz-Kurczabowa.
link
or maybe this will work
you can ask me by PM about various details if it is still too chaotic for your particular needs, I don't have the time to further rectify this shit ATM
(Avatar via Happy Wheels Wiki)
Index Diachronica PDF v.10.2
Conworld megathread
AVDIO · VIDEO · DISCO
Index Diachronica PDF v.10.2
Conworld megathread
AVDIO · VIDEO · DISCO