resources

[Aurora Rossa]

A rather hefty PDF detailing a proposed reconstruction of the Khoisan family: http://starling.rinet.ru/Texts/khoisan.pdf Of course I don't know if I can vouch for its accuracy but it is quite an interesting resource nonetheless for the sheer size of what it's trying to tackle.

[schwhatever]

Some one posted on this and I wanted to save the link for posterity:

http://web.wm.edu/linguistics/creek/learning_creek.php

[dhok]

Where are...
1. A site with good grammars of American Indian languages north of Mexico?
2. A complete grammar of Sanskrit on a site which does not advertise it as Proto-World?

[Morrígan]

2. A complete grammar of Sanskrit on a site which does not advertise it as Proto-World?

Not quite complete: http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/ ... -TC-R.html

Also, a partially digitized copy of W.D. Whitney's Sanskrit Grammar, and the whole thing from Google Books. This is a pretty good book, IIRC; a library in my local system actually has it, and I read through it several years ago. It has text frequently both Devanagari and Romanization, but also just the Romanization at times (which is fine by me).

I don't know if I can vouch for its accuracy

I'm sure it's bullshit.

[Viktor77]

All I want now is a free online dictionary in Spanish. Not Spanish to English, just a dictionary of Spanish in Spanish! Why are they so hard to find even in stores?

[sirdanilot]

All I want now is a free online dictionary in Spanish. Not Spanish to English, just a dictionary of Spanish in Spanish! Why are they so hard to find even in stores?

http://www.wordreference.com/definicion/

How is that hard to find? Just google 'diccionario español'...

[캉탁]

Aramaic Grammar, not complete, but a place to start

http://www.vbm-torah.org/talmud2/01grammar.htm

http://www.vbm-torah.org/talmud2/02grammar.htm

http://www.vbm-torah.org/talmud2/03grammar.htm

http://www.vbm-torah.org/talmud2/04grammar.htm

[Viktor77]

All I want now is a free online dictionary in Spanish. Not Spanish to English, just a dictionary of Spanish in Spanish! Why are they so hard to find even in stores?

http://www.wordreference.com/definicion/

How is that hard to find? Just google 'diccionario español'...

Awesome!! Thanks so much!!

Also, if anyone knows of a Romansch grammar, it'd be awesome, or even knows a stable and steady verb conjugation.

[캉탁]

Also, if anyone knows of a Romansch grammar, it'd be awesome, or even knows a stable and steady verb conjugation.

Do you even bother to search?

http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chantar#Romansch

[Viktor77]

Also, if anyone knows of a Romansch grammar, it'd be awesome, or even knows a stable and steady verb conjugation.

Do you even bother to search?

http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chantar#Romansch

I've seen that, but I've seen conjugations using a endings for ar verbs and not e endings for ar verbs, which would seem subjunctive to me, but I only know Spanish, so yeah. Also, I know that the 1p present form ends in an L, and that doesn't show that.

[Dewrad]

Did you know that by a simple Google search, I found a brief grammar of Romansh? OTOH, it was actually written in Rumantsch Grischun, which might not be helpful if your Romance-fu isn't up to it.

[Viktor77]

Did you know that by a simple Google search, I found a brief grammar of Romansh? OTOH, it was actually written in Rumantsch Grischun, which might not be helpful if your Romance-fu isn't up to it.

I saw that as well, and upon second thought, I quite like learning a language in the target language, it's very engaging. My mild Spanish has served me well-enough to get the gist.

[Sleinad Flar]

2. A complete grammar of Sanskrit on a site which does not advertise it as Proto-World?

Not quite complete: http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/ ... -TC-R.html

And a bit more complete: http://www.warnemyr.com/skrgram/grammar/toc.html

[Aurora Rossa]

A short grammar of Kabardian, a North-West Caucasian language, http://mudrac.ffzg.hr/~rmatasov/KabardianGrammar.pdf

[masako]

http://gort.ucsd.edu/edocs/fed/USBGN_romanization.pdf

Nifty guide to romanization schemes. Some more academically accepted than others.

Edit: A much more up-to-date link.

http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/romanization.html

[masako]

Totally awesome, and sad at the same time.

Here is a link to an article about the atlas

And another

Here is a link to the atlas itself. Its huge, so be patient.

For the sake of posterity.

[dhok]

I'm trying to create a completely ergative language, but before I do that, what are the "side effects"? And please explain them thouroughly.

OK, I won't "explain them thoroughly", but here's a bunch of WALS.info stuff about what other features of simple clauses go with ergativity &c.
Read the chapter texts (available on-line at WALS.info) for the "thorough explanations"; if those aren't "thorough" or "explicatory" enough for you, read the references (the titles, authors, dates, etc. are there in WALS.info, but the texts themselves may not be on-line).
You should see how each of features 98, 99, and 100, interact with each of the other features between feature 98 and feature 121.
Also WALS.info can tell you about many other possible "side effects of ergativity", if there are any, besides those on simple clauses.
You'll have to figure out for yourself whether there are side-effects are of "full" syntactic-and-morphological ergativity that aren't side-effects of just morphological ergativity.
But here are some hints:
Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns
Ergative - absolutive - Ergative - absolutive
Araona
Bawm
Bribri
Burushaski
Chukchi
Dani (Lower Grand Valley)
Epena Pedee
Gooniyandi
Ingush
Kewa
Ladakhi
Lezgian
Sanuma
Shipibo-Konibo
Trumai
Tukang Besi
Una
Wardaman
Zoque (Copainalá)

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
Ergative - absolutive - Ergative
Lak
Trumai
Yup'ik (Central)

Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns and Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
Ergative - absolutive - Ergative
Chamorro
Trumai

--------

Trumai is the only language in the sample that shows up as ergative on all three features.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To show you what I mean, first I'll compare feature 98 to all of the features from 99 to 121; then I'll compare features 107 and 108 to all three of features 98, 99, and 100.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns
If full NPs are ergatively marked, pronouns tend to be as well; if pronouns are ergatively marked, full NPs tend to be as well. Big duh.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
If the person-marking of the verb is ergative, the case-marking of full NPs tends to be neutral. If the case-marking of the full NPs is ergative, the person-marking of the verb tends to be accusative. This is a lack of a "side-effect".

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Expression of Pronominal Subjects
Ergative languages tend to have subject affixes on the verb, just like languages in general. A lack of a "side-effect".

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Verbal Person Marking
Ergative languages' verbs tend to reflect both the Agent and the Patient arguments, just like most languages.
And if they don't, they tend not to reflect either; which is also the second-most-common pattern for most languages.
Most languages whose verbs reflect both the A and the P arguments have neutral alignment of the case-marking of their full NPs, just like most languages.
But if they don't, most other languages whose A and P are both marked on the verb, tend to have ergative-absolutive case-marking of their full NPs; unlike most languages, which, if not neutral, tend to be accusative/nominative.
So this is a side-effect; but ergativity is a side-effect of double-agreement-marking on the verb, rather than the other way around.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking
Ergativity doesn't have any side-effects that are apparent to me in this table.
But there's a side-effect of the most common value of the other feature; if the language has "no zero realization" (third-person is not "zero-marked" on the verb), then Ergative/Absolutive ties with Accusative/Nominative as second-most-common alignment of case-marking on full NPs.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Order of Person Markers on the Verb
For languages with ergative/absolutive alignment of case-marking full NPs, the most-common order of person-markers on the verb is "not both A and P are marked on the verb", just like for most languages; and the second-most-common order is "Agent before Patient", just like for most languages.
But, the third-most-common order for ergative languages is "a fused marker that marks both A and P". That's only fourth-most-common for most languages; for most languages, 3rd-commonest is "P before A".
Now, for ergativity showing up as a side-effect of order-of-agreement-markers-on-the-verb: For all orders the most common alignment is "neutral", except that for the "fused" order ergative ties for first place with neutral. For languages in general accusative/nominative is the second commonest alignment, but for "A precedes P" ergative is the 2nd-commonest (and for "fused" ergative ties for commonest).

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give'
For ergative languages the secondary-object-construction ties with the double-object-construction for second-commonest; but for languages in general the secondary-object-construction is definitely in third place behind the double-object-consturction.
For all languages that aren't indirect-object-construction languages (that is, for double-object-construction languages, secondary-object-construction languages, and "mixed" languages), the ergative alignment is the 2nd-commonest alignment (behind "neutral"). For languages in general, the accusative/nominative alignment is second and the ergative alignment is third. (For indirect-object-construction languages, the accusative/nominative alignment is commonest, and the neutral alignment is second.)

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Reciprocal Constructions
Ergativity has no side-effects I can see on this table.
But it appears as a side-effect; if there are no reciprocals, or if reciprocals are identical to reflexives, then the ergative alignment is 2nd-commonest, ahead of the accusative/nominative alignment.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Passive Constructions
It's not so much that a lack of passive constructions is a side effect of ergativity; it's more that the presence of passive constructions is a side-effect of nominative-accusative or tripartite alignments.
If there are no passive constructions (and in most languages there aren't), ergative alignment is 2nd-most-common, ahead of nominative/accusative; in languages in general, ergative alignment is 3rd-commonest and nominative/accusative is 2nd.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Antipassive Constructions
Oddly enough, if there are any side-effects either way on this table, they aren't obvious at a glance.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Applicative Constructions
To the degree that there is a side-effect here, it involves the languages that are ergative/absolutive and have "benefactive object; both bases". It looks like weak side-effect on first glance.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Periphrastic Causative Constructions
Here, it's not so much that ergativity has a side-effect, as that the neutral alignment has a side-effect none of the other alignments (including ergativity) have. For languages whose case-marking of their full NPs is neutral: its more common to have sequential periphrastic causatives, but not purposive ones; than it is to have purposive periphrastic causatives, but not sequential ones. For most languages, though, purposive-without-sequential is more common than sequential-without-purposive.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions
No apparent side-effect.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Negative Morphemes
No apparent side-effect.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation
No apparent side-effect.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation
No obvious strong side-effect.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation
No obvious side-effect.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Polar Questions
There is a strong correlation between ergativity and interrogative verb morphology. Ergative languages are likelier to have interrogative verb morphology than any other means of making yes-no questions; most languages use question-particles. Languages that have interrogative verb morphology are likelier to use ergative alignment than any other alignment; most languages are either neutral alignment or nominative/accusative alignment.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Predicative Possession
There appears to be a correlation between ergativity and the "conjunctional" means of predicating possession.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Predicative Adjectives
Again, it's not that ergativity has a side-effect, so much as that it shares with all other non-neutral alignments a lack of a side-effect that the neutral alignment has. For most languages there is verbal encoding of "predicative adjectives"; but that's because of the neutral-alignment languages. Ergative, accusative, tripartite, and active languages, mostly have non-verbal encoding.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Nominal and Locational Predication
No apparent side-effects.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals
No apparent side-effects.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Comparative Constructions
Again, it's not that ergativity has a side-effect so much as it's that ergativity doesn't have side-effects other alignments do have.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Passive Constructions and Antipassive Constructions
Most languages don't have passives; and most languages don't have anti-passives. But most (barely more than half of them) languages that don't have anti-passives do have passives.
Languages that have anti-passives are likelier to have the implicit-patient form than the oblique-patient form. But languages that don't have passives but do have anti-passives are likelier to have the implicit-patient anti-passives than the oblique-patient anti-passives.

Antipassive Constructions and Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases
No side-effect is immediately clear.

Antipassive Constructions and Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns
While ergative marking of pronouns has no side-effect on anti-passives that's immediately obvious, the existence of oblique-patient anti-passives makes ergative alignment the likeliest alignment for the pronouns. So here ergativity is a side-effect, though if it has any side-effects that's not obvious at first glance to me.

Antipassive Constructions and Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
There appears to be an extremely strong correlation between the existence of oblique-patient anti-passives and ergative person-marking of the verb.

Passive Constructions and Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases
There seems to be a correlation -- apparently a strongish one -- between morphological ergativity of the cases of full NPs and absence of passives.

Passive Constructions and Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns
There seems to be a correlation -- apparently a strongish one -- between morphological ergativity of the cases of pronouns and absence of passives.

Passive Constructions and Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
There doesn't seem to be any obvious correlation between these two features.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I hope that helps.

If nothing else, the sheer length of my post should clue you in to the fact that getting this stuff clear in your head is going to involve a lot of reading and looking up other peoples' research. (It could be worse; you could have to do the research yourself!)

You shouldn't ask your fellow ZBBers to explain it to you; instead you should ask where to find the explanations, go read them, and come back with questions about what's still not clear to you.

(That surely applies to your question "What are the 'side-effects' of syntactic-and-morphological ergativity?", but it may not apply to all other questions. Board netiquette, however, requests that you assume it does apply unless you have a good reason for assuming otherwise.)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[PS]: Feature 106 (Reciprocal Constructions) does not appear to have any correlations with features 98, 99, or 100 (ergativity of nouns, ergativity of pronouns, ergativity of verb-agreement). [/PS]

Here it is.

[Niedokonany]

Here it is.

But where are all the links?

[dhok]

Damn.

I'm not good enough with HTML, can someone fix this?

[dhok]

Wikiverb!
It's not the greatest, but it's pretty useful for basic ideas. It can be found at http://wiki.verbix.com/.
[EDIT]
Not to mention Verbix itself. Dead useful.
http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/.

[jmcd]

You do quote, copy and paste:

I'm trying to create a completely ergative language, but before I do that, what are the "side effects"? And please explain them thouroughly.

OK, I won't "explain them thoroughly", but here's a bunch of WALS.info stuff about what other features of simple clauses go with ergativity &c.
Read the chapter texts (available on-line at WALS.info) for the "thorough explanations"; if those aren't "thorough" or "explicatory" enough for you, read the references (the titles, authors, dates, etc. are there in WALS.info, but the texts themselves may not be on-line).
You should see how each of features 98, 99, and 100, interact with each of the other features between feature 98 and feature 121.
Also WALS.info can tell you about many other possible "side effects of ergativity", if there are any, besides those on simple clauses.
You'll have to figure out for yourself whether there are side-effects are of "full" syntactic-and-morphological ergativity that aren't side-effects of just morphological ergativity.
But here are some hints:
Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns
Ergative - absolutive - Ergative - absolutive
Araona
Bawm
Bribri
Burushaski
Chukchi
Dani (Lower Grand Valley)
Epena Pedee
Gooniyandi
Ingush
Kewa
Ladakhi
Lezgian
Sanuma
Shipibo-Konibo
Trumai
Tukang Besi
Una
Wardaman
Zoque (Copainalá)

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
Ergative - absolutive - Ergative
Lak
Trumai
Yup'ik (Central)

Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns and Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
Ergative - absolutive - Ergative
Chamorro
Trumai

--------

Trumai is the only language in the sample that shows up as ergative on all three features.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To show you what I mean, first I'll compare feature 98 to all of the features from 99 to 121; then I'll compare features 107 and 108 to all three of features 98, 99, and 100.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns
If full NPs are ergatively marked, pronouns tend to be as well; if pronouns are ergatively marked, full NPs tend to be as well. Big duh.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
If the person-marking of the verb is ergative, the case-marking of full NPs tends to be neutral. If the case-marking of the full NPs is ergative, the person-marking of the verb tends to be accusative. This is a lack of a "side-effect".

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Expression of Pronominal Subjects
Ergative languages tend to have subject affixes on the verb, just like languages in general. A lack of a "side-effect".

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Verbal Person Marking
Ergative languages' verbs tend to reflect both the Agent and the Patient arguments, just like most languages.
And if they don't, they tend not to reflect either; which is also the second-most-common pattern for most languages.
Most languages whose verbs reflect both the A and the P arguments have neutral alignment of the case-marking of their full NPs, just like most languages.
But if they don't, most other languages whose A and P are both marked on the verb, tend to have ergative-absolutive case-marking of their full NPs; unlike most languages, which, if not neutral, tend to be accusative/nominative.
So this is a side-effect; but ergativity is a side-effect of double-agreement-marking on the verb, rather than the other way around.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking
Ergativity doesn't have any side-effects that are apparent to me in this table.
But there's a side-effect of the most common value of the other feature; if the language has "no zero realization" (third-person is not "zero-marked" on the verb), then Ergative/Absolutive ties with Accusative/Nominative as second-most-common alignment of case-marking on full NPs.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Order of Person Markers on the Verb
For languages with ergative/absolutive alignment of case-marking full NPs, the most-common order of person-markers on the verb is "not both A and P are marked on the verb", just like for most languages; and the second-most-common order is "Agent before Patient", just like for most languages.
But, the third-most-common order for ergative languages is "a fused marker that marks both A and P". That's only fourth-most-common for most languages; for most languages, 3rd-commonest is "P before A".
Now, for ergativity showing up as a side-effect of order-of-agreement-markers-on-the-verb: For all orders the most common alignment is "neutral", except that for the "fused" order ergative ties for first place with neutral. For languages in general accusative/nominative is the second commonest alignment, but for "A precedes P" ergative is the 2nd-commonest (and for "fused" ergative ties for commonest).

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give'
For ergative languages the secondary-object-construction ties with the double-object-construction for second-commonest; but for languages in general the secondary-object-construction is definitely in third place behind the double-object-consturction.
For all languages that aren't indirect-object-construction languages (that is, for double-object-construction languages, secondary-object-construction languages, and "mixed" languages), the ergative alignment is the 2nd-commonest alignment (behind "neutral"). For languages in general, the accusative/nominative alignment is second and the ergative alignment is third. (For indirect-object-construction languages, the accusative/nominative alignment is commonest, and the neutral alignment is second.)

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Reciprocal Constructions
Ergativity has no side-effects I can see on this table.
But it appears as a side-effect; if there are no reciprocals, or if reciprocals are identical to reflexives, then the ergative alignment is 2nd-commonest, ahead of the accusative/nominative alignment.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Passive Constructions
It's not so much that a lack of passive constructions is a side effect of ergativity; it's more that the presence of passive constructions is a side-effect of nominative-accusative or tripartite alignments.
If there are no passive constructions (and in most languages there aren't), ergative alignment is 2nd-most-common, ahead of nominative/accusative; in languages in general, ergative alignment is 3rd-commonest and nominative/accusative is 2nd.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Antipassive Constructions
Oddly enough, if there are any side-effects either way on this table, they aren't obvious at a glance.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Applicative Constructions
To the degree that there is a side-effect here, it involves the languages that are ergative/absolutive and have "benefactive object; both bases". It looks like weak side-effect on first glance.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Periphrastic Causative Constructions
Here, it's not so much that ergativity has a side-effect, as that the neutral alignment has a side-effect none of the other alignments (including ergativity) have. For languages whose case-marking of their full NPs is neutral: its more common to have sequential periphrastic causatives, but not purposive ones; than it is to have purposive periphrastic causatives, but not sequential ones. For most languages, though, purposive-without-sequential is more common than sequential-without-purposive.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions
No apparent side-effect.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Negative Morphemes
No apparent side-effect.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation
No apparent side-effect.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation
No obvious strong side-effect.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation
No obvious side-effect.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Polar Questions
There is a strong correlation between ergativity and interrogative verb morphology. Ergative languages are likelier to have interrogative verb morphology than any other means of making yes-no questions; most languages use question-particles. Languages that have interrogative verb morphology are likelier to use ergative alignment than any other alignment; most languages are either neutral alignment or nominative/accusative alignment.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Predicative Possession
There appears to be a correlation between ergativity and the "conjunctional" means of predicating possession.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Predicative Adjectives
Again, it's not that ergativity has a side-effect, so much as that it shares with all other non-neutral alignments a lack of a side-effect that the neutral alignment has. For most languages there is verbal encoding of "predicative adjectives"; but that's because of the neutral-alignment languages. Ergative, accusative, tripartite, and active languages, mostly have non-verbal encoding.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Nominal and Locational Predication
No apparent side-effects.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals
No apparent side-effects.

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases and Comparative Constructions
Again, it's not that ergativity has a side-effect so much as it's that ergativity doesn't have side-effects other alignments do have.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Passive Constructions and Antipassive Constructions
Most languages don't have passives; and most languages don't have anti-passives. But most (barely more than half of them) languages that don't have anti-passives do have passives.
Languages that have anti-passives are likelier to have the implicit-patient form than the oblique-patient form. But languages that don't have passives but do have anti-passives are likelier to have the implicit-patient anti-passives than the oblique-patient anti-passives.

Antipassive Constructions and Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases
No side-effect is immediately clear.

Antipassive Constructions and Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns
While ergative marking of pronouns has no side-effect on anti-passives that's immediately obvious, the existence of oblique-patient anti-passives makes ergative alignment the likeliest alignment for the pronouns. So here ergativity is a side-effect, though if it has any side-effects that's not obvious at first glance to me.

Antipassive Constructions and Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
There appears to be an extremely strong correlation between the existence of oblique-patient anti-passives and ergative person-marking of the verb.

Passive Constructions and Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases
There seems to be a correlation -- apparently a strongish one -- between morphological ergativity of the cases of full NPs and absence of passives.

Passive Constructions and Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns
There seems to be a correlation -- apparently a strongish one -- between morphological ergativity of the cases of pronouns and absence of passives.

Passive Constructions and Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
There doesn't seem to be any obvious correlation between these two features.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I hope that helps.

If nothing else, the sheer length of my post should clue you in to the fact that getting this stuff clear in your head is going to involve a lot of reading and looking up other peoples' research. (It could be worse; you could have to do the research yourself!)

You shouldn't ask your fellow ZBBers to explain it to you; instead you should ask where to find the explanations, go read them, and come back with questions about what's still not clear to you.

(That surely applies to your question "What are the 'side-effects' of syntactic-and-morphological ergativity?", but it may not apply to all other questions. Board netiquette, however, requests that you assume it does apply unless you have a good reason for assuming otherwise.)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[PS]: Feature 106 (Reciprocal Constructions) does not appear to have any correlations with features 98, 99, or 100 (ergativity of nouns, ergativity of pronouns, ergativity of verb-agreement). [/PS]

[dhok]

Alutiiq, anyone?

[schwhatever]

I don't think these have been posted yet. Sorry if they have.

Leo - English-German/Deutsch-Englisch

Geiriadur - English-Welsh/Cymraeg-Saesneg

A Welsh Course Lexicon - English-Welsh/Cymraeg-Saesneg

Word Reference (for the last three people on the planet that don't know about this) - English-Español-Français-Italiano-Deutsch-ру́сский язы́к

[masako]

http://africanlanguages.com/swahili/

A nice Swahili searchable lexicon.

[dhok]

A rather hefty PDF detailing a proposed reconstruction of the Khoisan family: http://starling.rinet.ru/Texts/khoisan.pdf Of course I don't know if I can vouch for its accuracy but it is quite an interesting resource nonetheless for the sheer size of what it's trying to tackle.

But I thought they'd debunked the idea that the Khoisan family is actually a genetic relationship?