זה טוב! יTuli wrote:לקרוא את העברית הייה מעניין! י
Alright, I'll do that in the next lesson. I wasn't sure if it would be too confusing if the transliteration were that far away...Tuli wrote:I think it’d be a bit easier to practice reading the Hebrew if you put the transliteration after the vocabulary.
Hif`il is (always?) transitive, as is required by the causitive nature. However, you're not quite parsing the sentence the right way. Remember how the masculine plural form can be used to form an impersonal/de-agentive structure (a quasi-passive)? That's what it is in that sentence. What I did forget was the direct object marker 'et: 'et ha`itzur harishon veha`itzur hashlishi tamid machlishim. It's like saying "[They] always lenite the first and third consonants" (though you'd never actually translate it that way). This impersonal structure is common when describing "the way things are", if that makes any sense...Tuli wrote:Is hif`il transitive or intransitive? A causitive makes it seem like the first, but it also seemed like you used machlishim intransitively. (Unless I’m not parsing it right, or it is transitive and I don’t see it, or adjectives aren’t necessarily made transitive, or it works like English and can be either intransitive or transitive based on the number of arguments you give it. . . )
Alternatively, you could use a passive binyan (in this case, huf`al), making it מוחלשים muchlashim "are lenited", but I'm trying to avoid using forms you don't know yet...
Nice! Cognates are always a good way to help remember vocabulary, too.Tuli wrote:I was able to recognize beyn from its Arabic cognate bayna, which made me happy. ^_^
While I wouldn't be opposed to a copy of this thread in the museum ( ), that's not up to me. Besides, it would be kind of weird, I guess, to have to post each lesson twice...Tuli wrote:Zohar, perhaps it’d be easier if you printed out the lessons. I don’t think I could follow them myself if I didn’t have a hard copy. ^_^
Yup. I hope you're beginning to see how a small set of roots can yield such a wide variety of meanings (and you haven't seen the half of it yet!)Tuli wrote:I’d guess that it also means “to blush.”
Yes, in the sense of "enlarge" or "increase". The transitive "grow" (as in, to grow plants) is handled by pi`el: לגדל legadel.Tuli wrote:להגדיל lehagdil to make something grow; to grow
Correct. It also means "give something to somebody to taste".Tuli wrote:להטעים lehat`im to make something be delicious
Bingo!Tuli wrote:להאכיל leha'achil to make something eat; to feed
Yes. Also "reduce".Tuli wrote:להקטין lehaqtin to make something small; to shrink
Mhmm. More commonly it's use for "to set in motion", "put to work", or "activate [a machine]".Tuli wrote:להפעיל lehaf`il to make someone do; to force; to cause
Indeed there should. In Hebrew, this verb can also mean things like "oblige" or "require". (Think about it - if tzarich is "have to" (roughly-speaking), lehatzrich means something like "to make something into a 'have-to'".Tuli wrote:להצריך lehatzrich to make someone need (There really should be a verb for that in English)
Tuli wrote:And for fun, I’ll try to write sentences with them!
Unexpected, but it's great that you did them!
Well, like I said, you can't use להגדיל in this sense. You'd want לגדל legadel.Tuli wrote:אי אפשר להגדיל חתול בגינה. י It’s not possible to grow a cat in a garden.
Good. Although I personally'd pluralize `ugah.Tuli wrote:סוכר מטאים עוגה. י Sugar makes cake delicious.
Hmm. You made a very understandable mistake here. You're thinking in an IE perspective - the direct object of "feed" is the food, and the thing the food is being fed to is indirect.Tuli wrote:למה את לא מאכילה לכלב? י Why don’t you feed the dog?
Not so in Hebrew. If you simplify the meaning of להאכיל , you get "to cause something to eat". So what's the direct object? You cause the dog to eat, not the dog food.
If you want to mention the food, you have to use the preposition ב be-: אני מאכיל בבשר את הכלב 'ani ma'achil bebasar 'et hakélev "I'm feeding some meat to the dog" (lit. "I am feeding the dog in meat").
be- is the so-called "governing preposition" of the verb leha'achil. The purpose of a causitive verb is usually to turn a transitive (valence-2) verb into a valence-3 verb. The governing preposition (in Hebrew, מילת יחס מוצרכת milat yachas mutzréchet - "required word of relation", or מ"י מוצרכת for short) is used to mark the third argument of the verb. Despite its name, it's not required
Different hif`il verbs have different governing prepositions. We'll talk about these more later on.
Eh, don't try to do sentences dealing with weather or temperature yet. Those are weird in every language.Tuli wrote:הים מקטין כשהוא קר. י The sea shrinks when it is cold.
However, remember that hif`il verbs must be transitive.
This sentence should read הים קוטן כשיש קור hayam qoten ksheyesh qor, literally "The sea becomes smaller when there is cold."
(The intransitive "become small" is handled by לקטון liqton, the pa`al form)
Perfect!Tuli wrote:האיש מפעיל מלחמות. י The man causes wars.
אותה 'otah, not לה lah. Hif`il verbs always need a direct object.Tuli wrote:מבחנים מצריכים לה ללמוד. י Tests make her need to study.
Hey, it's good that you're trying! And that one sentence you made about feeding reminded me a very important thing I forgot to mention earlier!Tuli wrote:Yes, they’re fairly random. ^_^ I’m afraid I messed the valencies and noun cases up completely.
The best way to learn, after all, is by doing.
זה נכון! מצד שני, סגורים את בית הספר מוקדםTuli wrote:גם יש לי מבחנים סופים החודש. אני מבין שאתה צריך ללמוד. י
(Vocab:
- נכון nachon* "true, correct"
- צד tzad "side" (and the expression מצד שני mitzad sheni*)
- ס-ג-ר S-G-R "close, shut (pa`al)", "hand over to authorities, quarantine (hif`il).
- מוקדם muqdam "early"
Ouch. Well, מזל טוב!Xonen wrote:Except that I too have some exams, including a couple of university entrance examinations… And I'm lazy. But I'll try to try. :Þ