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Armenian /ʁ/ comes from a velarized l which was probably plain at some point in the past.

In Yaur, an Austronesian language, we have the change *m,n > g/_r. (cf. Kamholz 2014)

Trung (rGyalrongic? I don't think it's the same language as the Nungic Trung) apparently had z → k.
Wassu (rGyalrongic too) had ŋ → j.

(I was browsing the Index Diachronica)

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Languages i speak fluently: Dansk, English
Languages i am studying: Deutsch, Español

A similar change is also attested in Huishu (Tangkhul, Sino-Tibetan), where *i *u in word-final open syllables became /ik uk/ [icʰ ukʰ].

Source:

(The article also mentions a couple of other languages with apparent word-final obstruent epenthesis after high vowels: Lom (Austronesian) has *i *u > /ic ek/, Singhi (Austronesian) has *i *u > /is ux/, Maru/Langsu (Lolo-Burmese, Sino-Tibetan) has *əj *əw > **i **u > /it uk/, and Moghamo (Grassfields Bantu, Niger-Congo) may have *i *ɨ *u > /ek ək ok/.)

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Are these changes independent of tone? This sounds like the sort of thing I'd expect to see develop from syllable-final [ʔ], which is often present only on specific tones. In fact, that was one of the key sound changes I used in my conlangs to get rid of tone: high-tone open syllables all developed [ʔ] at the end, which later in some daughters changed to [k] or, when after a rounded vowel, [p] (/uk/ > /ukp/ is known from Vietnamese).

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Sunàqʷa the Sea Lamprey says:

According to Mortensen, [ʔ] cannot have been an intermediate in Huishu because there was an independent coda /ʔ/ which was not affected by the change. He argues that the sequence was [i u] > [i̥ u̥] > [iç ux(ʷ)] > [icʰ ukʰ]; i.e. via vowel devoicing and fricatives, with the last step helped by the fact that the language already had onset /kʰ/ and coda /p ʔ/, but no phonemic dorsal fricatives.

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Everyone likes to trot out Plains Algonquian for bizarre North American sound changes, but Salishan is just as bad. Sources are Galloway's 'Some proto-central Salish sound correspondences' in In Honor of Mary Haas, and chapter 1 of Kroeber's The Salish Language Family.

*p *p' *m to tʃ tʃ' ŋ in most of Northern Straits, except before *u, where they are retained.

A chain shift *a > ɛ and *u > a in Halkomelem and some of Northern Straits.

*t' > tɬ', unconditionally, in Shuswap, Thompson and Lillooet.

Fortition of *w *y to kʷ tʃ (fixed!) before a vowel in half of Northern Straits, which isn't that weird, I suppose, but most such fortitions seem to give sonorants...

Additionally, Salishan provides numerous examples of 'inverted roots', where a root will appear as C₁VC₂ in some forms, and as C₂VC₁ elsewhere. It's unclear what's going on--it's not regular, but it's too common to be coincidence or spoonerism. Noonan (1997, 'Inverted Roots in Salish') gave a good hundred examples of such sets, and noted that reduplication and ablaut seem to have something to do with the process, but the problem is unsolved.

Is that y>kʷ and w> tʃ? The weirdest thing in that would be that it isn't w>kʷ and y> tʃ.

I believe it was a typo.

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The conlanger formerly known as “the conlanger formerly known as Pole, the”.

If we don't study the mistakes of the future we're doomed to repeat them for the first time.

Yeah, typo.

More a snychronic rule, but Hup the plain voiced stop series (as opposed to the plain voiceless and glottalized, which lacks phonemic voice) is pre-nasalized word initially and post-nasalized word-finally. Now, Hup also has a rule that it really likes syllables to be in the CVC format, so if we have a voiced stop in the coda of a CVC root and add a vowel-initial suffix, we get a a post-nasalized stop followed by a pre-nasalized stop, resulting in what Epps (2008) calls a "nasal contour"

/wób-óy/ [wób.bóy] [rest.on-DYNM] "be resting on (sth)"
/tǒɟót/ [tǒd.dót̚] [nose-OBL] "in the nose"

In other words essentially D (> DD) > DND.

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Mark