VERBS
Irish verbs have two conjugations: all mono-syllabic verbs are in the 1st Conjugation, all bi-syllabic verbs are in the 2nd. There are also eleven irregular verbs. In each conjugation, there are the following forms:
Present
Imperfect
Preterite
Future
Conditional
Imperative
The condition, however, exists only for 2sg, 1pl and 2pl.
To fit in with Irish's Broad-Slender distinctions, each verb form has two spellings (most of which add an -(e) to derive the slender form). For the regular verbs,
glan (clean),
tuig (understand), and
?l (drink) will be used to demonstrate. Note that
glan is a "broad verb" because its stem ends in one of <a o u>, and that
tuig is a "slender verb" because its stem ends in one of < i e >.
?l is used to show how vowel-initial stems work. Note that verbs beginning with < f > work like those that begin with vowels, as lenition of < f > is zero.
In the examples, I shall list the diffent person/number forms in the following order:
1 sg
2 sg
3 sg
1 pl
2 pl
3 pl
Impersonal
The "impersonal form" is best described for now as a
passive. More on this later.
1st Conjugation
Code:
PRESENT ~ AN AIMSEAR L?ITHREACH
glan tuig ?l
glanaim tuigim ?laim
glanann t? tuigeann t? ?lann t?
glanann s?/s? tuigeann s?/s? ?lann s?/s?
glanaimid tuigimid ?laimid
glanann sibh tuigeann sibh ?lann sibh
glanann siad tuigeann siad ?lann siad
glantar tuigtear ?ltar
Glanaim na boird gach l?. ~ "I clean the tables every day."
Rithim ar scoil de ghn?th. ~ "I run to school usually."
Code:
IMPERFECT ~ AN AIMSEAR GHN?THCHAITE
glan tuig ?l
ghlanainn thuiginn d'?lainn
ghlant? thuigte? d'?lt?
ghlanadh s?/s? thuigeadh s?/s? d'?ladh s?/s?
ghlanaimis thuigimis d'?laimis
ghlanadh sibh thuigeadh sibh d'?ladh sibh
ghlanaid?s thuigid?s d'?laid?s
ghlanta? thuigt? d'?lta?
Ghlanaimis an halla anuraidh. ~ "We used to clean the hall last year."
L?imeadh Se?n thar an mballa. ~ "Se?n used to jump over the wall."
Code:
PRETERITE ~ AN AIMSEAR CHAITE
glan tuig ?l
ghlan m? thuig m? d'?l m?
ghlan t? thuig t? d'?l t?
ghlan s?/s? thuig s?/s? d'?l s?/s?
ghlanamar thuigeamar d'?lamar
ghlan sibh thuig sibh d'?l sibh
ghlan siad thuig siad d'?l siad
glanadh tuigeadh ?ladh
Chum s? amhr?n nua. ~ "She composed a new song."
Chaill m? mo mhadra inn?. ~ "I lost my dog yesterday."
Code:
FUTURE ~ AN AIMSEAR FH?ISTINEACH
glan tuig ?l
glanfaidh m? tuigfidh m? ?lfaidh m?
glanfaidh t? tuigfidh t? ?lfaidh t?
glanfaidh s?/s? tuigfidh s?/s? ?lfaidh s?/s?
glanfaimid tuigfimid ?lfaimid
glanfaidh sibh tuigfidh sibh ?lfaidh sibh
glanfaidh siad tuigfidh siad ?lfaidh siad
glanfar tuigfear ?lfar
F?gfaidh siad an ?it seo. ~ "They'll leave this place."
Brisfidh m? d'aghaidh! ~ "I'll break your face!"
Code:
CONDITIONAL ~ AN M?DH COINN?OLACH
glan tuig ?l
ghlanfainn m? thuigfinn m? d'?lfainn m?
ghlanf? thuigfe? d'?lf?
ghlanfadh s?/s? thuigfeadh s?/s? d'?lfadh s?/s?
ghlanfaimis thuigfimis d'?lfaimis
ghlanfadh sibh thuigfeadh sibh d'?lfadh sibh
ghlanfadh siad thuigfeadh siad d'?lfadh siad
glanfa? tuigf? ?lfa?
D'fh?achfainn air, ach... ~ "I would have looked at it, but..." OR "I would look at it, but..."
Dh?anfainn an obair bhaile, ach... ~ "I would have done the homework, but..." OR "I would do the homework, but..."
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T? f?ilte roimh gach cheist! ~ All questions are welcome!
Stay tuned for the 2nd Conjugation!