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the Memeyk family
Posted: Tue Nov 16, 2010 12:25 am
by Z500
here's the most well developed of the langs from my new confamily, Puthe
Phonology
Puthe has 14 consonants phonemically:
labials /p m f w/
alveolars /t n s/
alveo-palatal /ʃ/
palatals /c ɲ j/
velars /k ŋ/
glottal /h/
appearing in the following series:
stops /p t c k/
nasals /m n ɲ ŋ/
fricatives /f s ʃ h/
approximants /w j/
three consonant clusters are allowed at the beginning of a word, <sp st sk>.
more complex clusters are produced with grammatical prefixes and suffixes, e.g. kspàɯnʼ "pretty (imperfect)"
Puthe has eight vowels
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front mid back
close i u ɯ
mid.c e
mid.o ɛ œ
open a ɒ
[a i e ɛ œ~ɶ ɒ ɯ u]
<a i ee e œ o ɯ u>
/e/ is somewhat marginal, only appearing in 12 words. some speakers merge /e/ with /ɛ/, as well as moving the mid-open vowels higher (/ɛ œ/ -> /e̞ ø̞/)
and six tones:
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1 - low /pɒ˨c/ pọc "somewhere"
2 - low rising /nœ˩˧f/ nœ̣́f "familiar"
3 - mid /sɒt/ sot "sober"
4 - high falling /fʲɛ˥˧t/ fèɯt "winter"
5 - high rising /ʃœ˧˥p/ śœ́p "mouth"
vowels can also be nasalized, indicated by an ogonek under the vowel, or a tilde above if a dot is already present below
mɯ̣̃t "dictionary"
ų "market"
and lengthened, indicated by an <h> following the vowel
skàht "sky"
GRAMMAR
Nouns
Nouns in Puthe do not show number, gender, or definiteness. They do show case with a range of prefixes, though the nominative is always unmarked.
kɯ̀k "cloud"
pkɯ̀k "cloud (accusative)"
tkɯ̀k "under a cloud"
xkɯ̀k "over a cloud"
mkɯ̣́k "in a cloud" inessive m- imparts low-rising tone to word
pkɯ̣̀k "to a cloud (dative)" dative p- imparts low-falling tone
òkɯ̀k "of a cloud (genitive)"
Verbs
Verbs have a number of prefixes, of which they can take one to show aspect or mood. Alternative phonemes are to be chosen euphonically.
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f perfective, a completed action
x, k imperfective, an ongoing action whether in the past or present
t habitual
s, p potential
Verbs can also take the suffix -ś for the immediate past, or -e/é (rising tone occurs after nasal) for distant past.
xspàm "see" imperfective
fspàms "just saw" perfective + immediate past
xspàmé "was seeing" imperfective + distant past
tśœ́pe "used to talk" habitual + distant past
pśœ́pś "could have just spoken" potential + immediate past
ssfake "could have caught, back then" potential + distant past
To negate a verb, use the adverb mɯ́t "not"
sspām mɯ́t "can't see"
pśœ́pe mɯ́t "could never talk"
Adjectives
adjectives behave like, and for all intents and purposes, are verbs. unlike verbs, however, they need not take aspect markers. an adjective by itself constitutes a verb phrase, so that
mɯn œ̣s
red flower
means "the flower that is red", or "the red flower."
sem mɯn œ̣s "redder flower" to make an adjective comparative, add the adverb sem "more"
xə̣m mɯn œ̣s "reddest flower" to make it superlative, add the adverb xə̣m "above all"
xɯ́t mɯn œ̣s "strangely red flower" other adverbs can be used, too
Phrases
Out of these three parts of speech, nouns, verbs, and adjectives/adverbs, we create phrases, the basis of the Puthe sentence. The phrase is centered around the verb, to which parts of speech (nouns, adjectives, adverbs) are added to refine its meaning.
œ̣s "a flower"
a flower sold by a little girl
girl small PERF-sell-DIST.PAST flower
háf mǫ̀t fɯ́hte œ̣s
śœ́p kan "five dogs"
five dogs that an old man owns
old man IMPERF-have five dog
pœ ɯ́ht kfɯ́t śœ́p kan
five dogs that own an old man
old ACC-man IMPERF-have five dog
pœ pɯ́ht kfɯ́t śœ́p kan
pronouns
I įf we (incl.) fì
we (excl.) ɯf
you um, wem you ej
he, she, ja they ihm
it
prepositions
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after, ̣sku
in front
before, fu
behind
as ụf
at p
for, to mɯ̣́
off, away s, sa
on k
only hɯ̀
outside ọ
over um
in mɯ
inside mɯ̣́h
through mɯ́f
under t, to
up to hɯ̣ŋ
with f
evidentials
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firsthand -spo
hearsay -m, -em
conjecture pɯs-
The lion ate the medicine man, I heard
PERF-eat-IMM medicine.man EVH lion
fhamś pkɯ́wɯ́t em jaŋkt
affixes with a consonant and a vowel constitute a word, and so must remain separate:
I ate...before I went to the market
PERF-eat-DIST.PAST ... to market before PERF-go
fhamé...mɯ̣́ ų fu fke
but single letter affixes attach to the word:
breakfast
(at first mealtime)
ɯt hà phɯ̀ŋ
ORD one at-mealtime
Re: the Memeyk family
Posted: Tue Nov 16, 2010 12:33 am
by Z500
here's Rebe
short vowels
ĕ /ə/
e /ɛ/, /aː/*
i /i/, /eː/*
o /o/
long vowels
a /aː/
ē /ɛː/
y /yː/, /øː/*
ō /oː/
* pronunciation before <r>
diphthongs
aj /aːj/
ĕj /əj/
ej /ɛːj/
yj /øːj/
oj /ɔj/
consonants
bilabials
p /pʰ/, /p/
b /b̥/
m /m/
w /w/
dentals/coronals
t /tʰ/, /t/
d /d̥/
n /n/
s /s/
þ* /θ/, /h/
palatals
c, tj /cʰ/, /c/
d̦, dj /ɟ̊/
n̦ /ɲ/
palato-velars
k̦, kj /ʧʰ/, /ʧ/
g̒, gj /ʤ̥/
velars
k /kʰ/, /k/
g /g̊/
ŋ /ŋ/
trill
r /r/, ∅ before consonants
glottal
h /h/
clusters
sk /skʰ/, /sk/
st /stʰ/, /st/
sp /spʰ/, /sp/
θg* /θg̊/, /g̊/
θb* /θb̥/, /b̥/
θd* /θd̥/, /d̥/
* Western dialect only. Eastern pronunciation shown next to western
The "voiceless voiced" stops are actually lenis, pronounced with the tongue slightly retracted from the point of articulation (or in the case of <b>, the lips only loosely shut), and voicelessly, as in Memeyk.
The actual voiceless stops are aspirated at the beginning of a word, and unaspirated elsewhere.
Consonants can undergo palatalization, represented with a comma below or the letter <j>. For example, <p̒> [pʲ], <dj> [dʲ]. They can also, with the exception of <k>, <g>, and already palatalized consonants, undergo glottalization, represented with a dot or a following <gh>. For example, <ṇ> [nˠ], <rgh> [rˠ]
As most Rebe roots begin an end with a consonant, otherwise impossible to pronounce consonant clusters are assimilated and reduced
stop + nasal = mutated nasal (pn > m)
stop 1 + stop 2 = stop 2 + stop 2 (tp > pp)
fric 1 + fric 2 = fric 2 + fric 2 (sf > ff)
open cluster + stop = s + stop (ksp > sp)
=================
Rebe grammar
Nouns
Nouns are pluralized with the prefix mu-, replacing this usage of reduplication. Rebe has the nominative, accusative and dative cases, as well as four locative cases. But from region to region, not all locative cases are used, and some take on other meanings as well.
nominative Ø ĕsp I
accusative prem- premysk the tribe
prem-
dative mĕst- mĕspjıstem to a friend
genitive ō- ōkōn of a dog
inessive mĕs- mĕsjēm in the heart
adessive bĕ- bĕṭor on the road
locative ĕŋ- ĕŋwēn at the house
elative mē- mērē out of the river
partitive mĕ-
Nouns pluralize with the prefix mo-
pīn "stone", mopīn
owes "sheep", mōwes
ĕkōs "horse", mōkōs
Pronouns
Rebe has three pronouns. They do not show gender or number. They inflect like regular nouns.
I/we abem, ĕbrem, (ĕsp)
you jĕbem, (ja)
he/she/ ja
it/they
* pronouns given in parentheses are to be used in dependent clauses
Ostmjē abem mĕstja prempobĕ
finish-give I DAT-he/she ACC-shovel
[os.nʲɛː aː.bɛm məstʲ.aː pʰrɛm.po.bə]
I gave him/her a shovel
Generally, pronouns are only used where necessary so that the word order makes sense. Earlier, in Memeyk, this meant using pronouns as placeholders for things that could be omitted so that another word could take its place at the end of the sentence. Here the same principle applies, but case marking has almost eliminated the problem. Only the subject, which is unmarked, requires a pronoun once it has already been mentioned. If there are no further arguments to the verb, then the subject, too, can be dropped.
Verbs
All verbs take an aspect prefix, which themselves may be preceded with a verbal conjunction.
perfective ost-
imperfective esk-
potential sĕsp-
habitual het-
Verbs can also take a tense suffix showing action either in the immediate past (-ē) or immediately after a given event (-sī)
Ostspajmē abem
finish-see-IMM.PAST I
[os.spʰaːjm.ɛː aː.bɛm]
I just saw
Hetprĕt ja ĕŋrē
stay-walk he LOC-river
[hɛn.pʰrət jaː əŋ.rɛː]
He/she often walks along the river
Verbs can be modified by adverbs or adverbial phrases (such as ōsp mēspajm "with my eye"). They come immediately before the verb of an independent clause, or immediately before the verb of a dependent clause.
Clauses
Sentences in Rebe revolve around the clause. Each phrase is made of a main clause, which is modified by other words, including whole dependent clauses. The word order of a main clause is VOS:
Eskspajm premspōjŋ ıbem
IMPERF-see ACC-bird I
I see a bird
Dependent clauses follow the reverse order, SOV, so that the verb can stand adjacent to the head of the clause.
Eskċempajm ōsp montar mēspajm [premmon ostspjakmē | premspōjŋ] ıbem
IMPERF-spy my little ELA-eye [ACC-insect PERF-catch-IMM.PAST | ACC-bird] I
I spy with my little eye a bird that just caught a bug.
Additionally, dependent clauses use different pronouns than independent clauses. Independent clauses distinguish first, second, and third person, but dependent clauses only maintain a first vs. not-first person distinction. The word for I is ĕsp, and the word for you, he, she, and it is ja.
(maybe ĕsp -> ĕs (through sandhi) -> s- & ja -> e- prefix to object, or verb if no object given?)
Clipped phrases
Rebe retains a Memeyk construct known as clipped phrases, meaning a new word constructed from a handful of roots with no grammatical particles, only word order is considered. For example:
pṛosspemē
In this case, the final -t in pṛot "woman" has assimilated (t > s) into the sp- in spemē "just saw," which itself has forgone the "ost-" prefix. According to Rebe stress rules, since the first syllable is "heavy" (containing a geminated <s> due to euphonic processes), it takes the main stress, and the pronunciation is thus:
[ʻpʰrˠosː.pɛmˌɛː]
Phonetic rules
The vocabulary of Rebe is built primarily out of monosyllabic Memeyk roots, although there are many compound words derived from these roots. Many basic roots are built around this basic following structure:
{P C S A1} {r(ĕ)*} {A1} {V} {A2} {r*} {P C S A2}
V = vowel, P = plosive, C = cluster (ps, ts, ks), A = approximant (w, y).
<r> can only appear in one slot, not both.
Only one of each of A1 or A2 can exist, but an A1 and an A2 can both coexist.
* <ĕ> may appear after <r> in the second slot if an approximant appears in the next slot. This is a phonological development in Rebe. <r> will never occur in the sixth slot if there is a consonant in the next slot. It has been elided to <j>.
Vowels fall into three subdivisions. There are seven long vowels, three short vowels, and two allophonic reduced vowels.
Long (weight 1/2) <ā> [aˑ], <ē> [ɛˑ], <ı> [ɨˑ], <ī> [iˑ], <ō> [oˑ], <ø> [øˑ], <y> [yˑ]
Diphthongs (weight 1/2) <aj> [aj], <ej> [ɛj], <ēj> [ɛˑj], <oj> [oj]
Clusters (weight 1/2) <ps0 ts ks>
Consonants (weight 1/3) <k p t g b d s ch z gh r w j>
Short (weight 1/3) <a> [a], <e> [ɛ], <o> [o]
Reduced (weight 1/4) <ĕ> [ə~ɨ]
Furthermore, syllables carry weight. A "full" syllable has initial and final consonants and a short vowel and a weight of one. A "light" syllable has a weight of less than one, and a "heavy" syllable has a weight of more than one. When forming compound words, any components with long vowels and diphthongs often have them reduced: If a root being combined contains a short vowel, but has heavy consonantal component(s), then its vowel will be further reduced to <ĕ>.
ModR sĕspwen "neighbor" < MR sĕsp "near" + wēn "to live"
<ē> has been reduced to <e>.
ModR sjejstpĕn < MR sjējst "now" + pĕn "day"
same
ModR sanxĕjst "to shape metal" < MR sard "hot " + xarst "to bend"
<a> has been reduced to <ĕ>. <r> has also been dropped from "sard" because the other component also had <r>.
Vowel reduction guide
--------------------
a ĕ
e ĕ
o ĕ*
ā a
ē e
ı e
ī e
ō o
y e
āj ē
aj e
oj o
* pronunciation is actually [ɵ]. May be represented as <ŏ> for clarity.
The long vowel <y> will generally force the other component to reduce to retain clarity, though this is not always a hard and fast rule.
Re: the Memeyk family
Posted: Tue Nov 16, 2010 12:34 am
by Z500
and finally, Griets:
Griets is an agglutinative language descended from Memeyk. Its word order is usually VSO.
Nouns
Nouns in Griets have no gender, though they can be given number, and, with the exception of the nominative, must take a prefix for case.
nom. - -
acc. freb- pafrũ-
dat. bãþ- babãþ-
iness. pas- paps-
adess. pa- papa-
loc. ag- agag-
ela. bja- babja-
plurality is shown by reduplication of the case prefix, or in the nominative by reduplication of the noun itself.
paspjan "in the house"
papaspjan "in the houses"
þwēr "field"
þaþwēr "fields"
Verbs
Verbs in a Griets sentence must always come first and is composed of two to four parts. First is the optional conjunction, followed by the main verb, aspect marker, and tense marker.
Conjunctions
------------
frīm then
þırp but
mjasag also
Aspects
------------
Progressive -xja
Habitual -ha
Potential -ud
Tenses
------------
Past -rþ
Non-past -ēx
mjasag hwērþ "burned, as well"
þwērcax "throws, is throwing, was throwing"
frīm þwērudēx "can throw then"
Adjectives
Adjectives are actually the same as verbs and are treated as such. Something that is red can said to bãcjax. Something that was once red but is no more is bãdurþ. These are actions carried out, namely the action of being red and of having once been red.
Adjectives can be made comparative by adding the adverb sjam "more", with the compared object taking the preposition ham- "over"
hamcē sjam bãcjax "redder than that"
Adjectives can be made superlative by adding the phrase hambũgh "above all"
hambũgh bãcjax "reddest of all"
Adverbs
Adverbs in Griets come directly after (in independent clauses) or before (in dependent clauses) the verb they modify. Adjectives and verbal phrases can also be used as adverbs.
þwērudēx trjuk cē
throw-can-pres far he
he can throw far
þwērbhaēx þub cē
run-hab-pres quick he
he runs quickly
Pronouns
Griets preserves Memeyk's simple two-way pronoun/deictic system, adding only a pronoun for "you"
I/we af
you cawım
he/she cē
it/they
Phrases
Word order is VSO within phrases. Dependent phrases can follow the noun they modify, taking VSO word order, or precede their noun, taking OSV word order.
questions? comments? fire away. help me flesh out my languages
Re: the Memeyk family
Posted: Tue Nov 16, 2010 1:21 am
by personak
Thanks. Can we get vocab?
Re: the Memeyk family
Posted: Tue Nov 16, 2010 10:01 am
by Z500
sure, i've got 500+ words for Rebe and Puthe and almost 400 for Griets, so i'll give you a sampling. here's one to ten in Puthe, Rebe, and Griets:
ha, pɯm, fjét, nàm, śœ́p, pet, jèt, mon, stok, pum
har, pəm, dēt, najm, ĝ̣œ̄sp, pret, mjējt, mōn, sṭēk, pym
hērğ, fam, zdjat, dǝ̨rm, kjēf, frǝt, mjērt, bų̄d, θwjak, fjub
in Rebe, an underdot is velarization
<ĝ> is /ʤ/
<rğ> is /ʁ/
a few kinship terms:
father, mother, son, daughter, brother, sister
ɯ̨́n*, maf, mef, háf, koj, scej
grəjmad*, mādo, mēdo, hajdo, kṛœ̄do, stjēdo
pazdu, bązdu, pezdu, hjazdu, xṛēzu, θjēzu
* these words are a Rebe innovation, as the words for father and mother merged
and some two-syllable words:
friend, river spirit, offering, servant, Great River, shore
fɯ́m, ɯ̣́c, feɯm, pohŋ, fɯ̨k, jawé, sɯ̀k
pjɨ̄stem, rɨ̄jēt, hējbem, p̣œ̄seŋ, hĕmĕk, jabrē, cĕskar
fjēθĕb, rjazjēt, zjarbab, fwēsɨg, zavąk, cēbreç, θjaxar
Re: the Memeyk family
Posted: Wed Nov 17, 2010 12:18 pm
by Alces
What does the underdot in Puthe < ̣sku> 'after' represent?
Re: the Memeyk family
Posted: Wed Nov 17, 2010 1:18 pm
by Z500
low tone. it appears under the <s> in my browser, but it should be under the <u>
Re: the Memeyk family
Posted: Fri Nov 19, 2010 8:35 pm
by Bedelato
Any chance you could put those cognate sets in IPA? I'm also having trouble figuring out what those diacritics mean. I'm guessing the macrons are long vowels? What do the acute and grave accents mean?
I'd also like to see some more cognate sets.
Re: the Memeyk family
Posted: Fri Nov 19, 2010 8:44 pm
by Z500
you are correct about the macrons. the acute accent is rising tone (high to mid), grave is falling (mid to high). as for the additional cognate sets, i shall provide if i have time after work tomorrow
Re: the Memeyk family
Posted: Mon Nov 22, 2010 12:21 pm
by Z500
ok, here's some more cognates for yinz:
sleep, gather, wander, laugh, wash, freeze, grind
Griets: fɨrzd, xʀʲat, θotwarb, çɛːs, kʀɨθ, zuç, θud
Rebe: pajd, krɛːt, totˠajm, xʲɨːs, grɛst, hosk, ston
Puthe: paː˥˧t, kɛ˧˥t, tɒ˧˩p, xis, ɛ˧˥t, fɒ˧˥k, stɒn
man, woman, fabric, herd, tribe, leather, farmer
kʀʲɛːθ, frwɛːt, mʲɛːɣɛt, bʲũç, xʀʲatɛf, harstu, srugʀaθ
grəjɨːst, prˠøːt, mʲagɛt, myːsk, krɛːtɛsp, hajsto, srogrɨst
ɯː˧˥t, pɒt, mɛɯ̯c, mu˧˥k, kɛ˩˧p, ha˥˧t, sɒɯ̯˧˥t
Re: the Memeyk family
Posted: Mon Nov 22, 2010 8:36 pm
by Bedelato
Thanks.
One more thing: Can you put up something about Griets phonology? Preferably describing the orthography too?
Re: the Memeyk family
Posted: Wed Nov 24, 2010 11:14 am
by Z500
yeah, i didn't realize the Griets notes had no phonlogy. here you go:
stops <k g p b t d c> /k g b p t d c/
fricatives <s z x ğ v þ h> /s z x ɣ β θ h/
nasals <m n> /m n/
trills <r rğ> /r ʀ/
approximant <j> /j/
vowels <a i e ē ə u> /a i e ɛː ɨ u/
* Vowels can be nasalized, taking a tilde.
* Consonants can be labialized and palatalized
* Nasal consonants never appear at the beginning of a word, unless labialized or palatalized
and some more cognates for you:
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Griets Rebe Puthe
cloud xaʀʷɛː kəjkoː kɯ˥˧k
to need taʀ nəjk nɯ˥˧k
to show cak jək ik
to make a sound dãd nən nɯn
fiber mʲɛːɣɨ mjagɛ mɛɯ̯
(ordinal) kat ŋət ɯt
against sʷɛːd sˠøːn sɒn
bad hʲag hɛːŋ hɯŋ
more sʲam sɛːm sɛm
mold fɨrt spajt spa˥˧t
north cɛːr jar ja˥˧
cup fuθpa postpə pɒ˩˧p
beside θʲat stɛːt stɛt
to pull up hakurt xəkot xɯ˧˩t
wing bɨ̃rθ majst ma˥˧t
egg hɛːrm xajm xa˥˧m
stubborn θrapɣart strəpəjt tɯ˧˩t
bird fuːʀ spoːjŋ spɒ˥˧k
to rise carθ jəjst i˥˧t
group bʲũstɨr myːstar mu˥˧t
(sorry if it looks a little messy, but you'd think a monospace font would be more cooperative)
Re: the Memeyk family
Posted: Mon Nov 29, 2010 12:23 am
by Z500
hey guys. been working on a new language. this one's called Resmus [rəʔs.mʉsː], descended from Memeyk. the phoneme inventory is as follows
/aː æː e i ə ʉ oː u/ <a æ e i ə y o u>
<e i ə y u> can be lengthened: <ē ī ə̄ ȳ ū>
/k p t c g b d ɟ/ <k p t c g b d j>
/s ʔs z ɕ ʑ h/ <s ss z ś ź h>
/m n/ <m n>
/r w/ <r w>
* /ʔs/ is realized as [sː] at the end of a sentence
and some cognates
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Ressmus Rebe Griets
more sem sɛːm sʲam
shadow peʔset pɨːstɛːt fʲaθʲat
smoke ʑit hɛt zɨt
sky kɕirzd skajd hɨrzd
people mʉʔs myːsk bʲũç
flower doːrs nˠøːs tʷɛːrs
high wiːʔs hyːspət piːθ
still sæːb sɛːm sɛːb
measure heːrʔs jɛːjst çɛːrθ
north æːr jar cɛːr
south srət srət srat
left mit mɛt bɨ̃t
right kreːm krəjɛːm xʀʲɛːm
east gaːn ŋan kɛːn
west hʉr hør hʲur
horn kreb krɛːm kʀʲab
grind tsud ston θud
group mʉɕ.cir myːstar bʲũstɨr
horse koːs əkoːs akʷɛːs
now ɕeːrʔs sjɛːjst sʲɛːrθ
field bʉr mør pʲuʀ
below dəs nɨs tas
Bi pyr rəsscētu məssneskem ybur rəssgosord kretess. Pəprət pśigud tsetneskema pśik gos har, pizbəm həmwen beneskem.
Ajt pœr ōč̣ēto mĕsneskem eskwēn ōŋos krētesp. Hetprĕt spegon ĕŋneskem har spek ŋōs, pēbĕm pĕs wēn mēneskem.
Fakax fjur raθ xjētu bąθ dęskem pjan raθ kwēs xrjatef. Frat fĕğud ag dęskem hērğ fək kwɛːs, fĕzbam pjan pja dęskem.
Re: the Memeyk family
Posted: Mon Nov 29, 2010 12:38 am
by Z500
just for you, Janko. one through ten in Resmus, Rebe, and Griets:
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one haːr har hɛːʀ
two pəm pəm fam
three zdet dɛːt zdʲat
four nirm najm dɨ̃rm
five ɟeːʔs ʤˠøːsp kʲɛːf
six prit prɛt frɨt
seven meːrt mjɛːjt mʲɛːrt
eight muːd moːn bũːd
nine tswek stˠɛːk θʷʲak
ten pʉb pyːm fʲub
Re: the Memeyk family
Posted: Mon Nov 29, 2010 7:08 am
by Bedelato
What happened to Puthe?
Re: the Memeyk family
Posted: Mon Nov 29, 2010 9:08 am
by Z500
nothing, i just wanted to show only the branches than descended straight from Memeyk for comparison purposes.
Re: the Memeyk family
Posted: Mon Nov 29, 2010 12:47 pm
by Cedh
Z500 wrote:one through ten in Resmus, Rebe, and Griets:
Code: Select all
one haːr har hɛːʀ
two pəm pəm fam
three zdet dɛːt zdʲat
four nirm najm dɨ̃rm
five ɟeːʔs ʤˠøːsp kʲɛːf
six prit prɛt frɨt
seven meːrt mjɛːjt mʲɛːrt
eight muːd moːn bũːd
nine tswek stˠɛːk θʷʲak
ten pʉb pyːm fʲub
I haven't read through earlier reconstruction efforts closely, but judging just from these numbers I would guess something like this for Memeyk:
1 *haːr
2 *pam
3 *zdeːt
4 *nirm
5 *gewps
6 *prit
7 *meːrt
8 *muːnd
9 *tsweːk
10 *pjumb
Re: the Memeyk family
Posted: Mon Nov 29, 2010 1:26 pm
by Z500
that's pretty close. just a few vowels and consonants off. but i won't tell which ones
Re: the Memeyk family
Posted: Fri Dec 03, 2010 2:23 pm
by Z500
here's some grammar for Resmus
Word order
Though Resmus has a number of grammatical cases, there is a preferred word order of Verb-Object-Subject.
Bērurr jērps emrēbip Narssisus
Love-3-PAST REFL ACC-reflection Narcissus
Narcissus loved his own reflection
Dependent phrases follow the order Modifier-Modified, while adverbs always come after the verb.
Hərt məd wen
Is [red house]
There is [a red house]
Dependent phrases follow the word order Subject-Object-Verb.
Ksepry mess empēss æ myrtry emdym nym
Know-3 not [ACC-take 3POSS drink-3 ACC-make] moon
The moon does not know [how to drink her share]
Pronouns
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I/we əss
you guss
he/she/ æ
it/they
Pronouns behave like any other noun and can take both case and definiteness affixes. However, when they follow a noun with no other affixes, they function as possessive pronouns.
On the other hand, the deictics əss "here" and æ "there" precede their heads.
Nouns
Nouns have 10 cases:
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nominative Ø-
accusative em-
dative məss-
elative be-
perlative gu(d)-
ablative səm-
adessive p(ə)-
subessive tum-
superessive həm-
comitative źi(d)-
As the nominative is unmarked, it usually goes at the end of the phrase opposite the verb:
Dryks məsshērt əss
Travel-1 DAT-well I
Cēssurr hērt emmurd mess mē prot
TELL-3.PAST well ACC-water not give woman
Nouns also inflect for number and definniteness:
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plural -zu
definite -(h)a
definite.pl -wa
The usage of the definite suffixes carries a similar connotation to topicality, as in the languages of the East Asian sprachbund.
Verbs
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suffix meaning
----------------
-ur past tense
-sər passive
-mo potential
person
------------
1st -s, -əs
2nd -æ, -a, -ē
3rd -dy, -ry, -r
* -s is chosen for the first person when the verb stem ends in a vowel, otherwise -əs is chosen.
* Verbs that end in a consonant add -a or -ē. If the final consonant is <k g t d s z>, it palatalizes to <c j c j ś ź> and adds -a. Otherwise, it takes -ē.
keæ
you go
eca (from ek)
you find
srīmē
you follow
* in the third person, -dy is chosen if the verb stem ends in <n>, -ry if it ends in any other consonant, or -r if it ends in a vowel.
Verbs are negated with the adverb "mess," which follows the verb in an independent phrase, and precedes it in a dependent phrase.
Irregular verbs
to be
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is hərt
was bi
isn't hərniss
isn't mərd
(dep)
wasn't brimiss
wasn't mebrit
(dep)
dym - to make
usage as noun:
in the dative, as məssdym, means "in order to"
Mektus məssnyma bemektu əss kratry məssdym
Sing-1 DAT-moon-DEF from-song 1POSS linger-3 DAT-make
I sing the moon to linger with my song
in the accusive, as emdym, it means "how"
Ksepry mess empēss æ myrtry emdym nym
Know-3 not ACC-take 3POSS drink-3 ACC-make moon
The moon does not know how to drink her share[/code]
Re: the Memeyk family
Posted: Fri Dec 03, 2010 3:39 pm
by Z500
somre more cognates:
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Rs Re G
against soːd sˠøːn sʷɛːd
alcohol giːsː ŋiːst kiːθ
answer zmək həmək zaβãk
clay prʉː pryː fruç
draw skurt həkot zakurt
field bʉr mør pjuʀ
give zmird həmajn zaβɨ̃rd
back
herb krəm krəm xʀam
hot ɕird sajn sɨrd
same ʉrg jojŋ cuʀ
short cet ʧˠət xʲat
spirit ʑeːt jɛːt zʲɛːt
stream psərg spəjŋ faʀ
thunder breː brɛː preç
weep ceːn ʧˠɛːn xʲɛːn