Correction: Greater wind speeds will *decrease* the number of cells.
Also, after reading up some more on things, it seems like the width of the Hadley cell has more effect on things than the number of cells beyond it. (Basically, temperature drops slowly going poleward within the Hadley cell, quickly outside it).
Meanwhile, I made some guesses about the planetary parameters for Almea (the only hard number Zompist gives is radius), and ran them through the planetary sim at the bottom of
this page.
It gives good general temperature estimates, but doesn't take into account terrain (other than a simple query for percent ocean coverage), and I don't think it models Hadley circulation either, rather, it just asks you for an equator to pole heat transfer rate relative to Earth.
I tweaked things until the average planetary year round temperature was about equal to Earth, and it turns out that:
The equatorial temperature is estimated to be about 10 F (~5 C) cooler than on Earth, so the sea level* climate at the equator would be equivalent to something like San Jose Costa Rica, which lies at about 3,800 feet.
The polar temperatures, however, are estimated to be much warmer than on Earth: Şiḍḍi is about on a level with Iceland, at 65 degrees latitude, but the temperatures at that latitude on Almea would be roughly equivalent to somewhere around Berlin (52 N), about 4F / 2C cooler in summer, and 4C / 8F cooler in winter, so I don't think Skouras and Xurno are in too much trouble.
Verduria, meanwhile, lies right around 35 S, which is where this simulator predicts Earth and Almea to have approximately equal temperatures.
*Speaking of sea level, the atmosphere will likely be thinner on Almea, being that it's only 5320 km in radius, by how much depends on a lot of factors, but the simulator I used suggested about .6 atmospheres (it allows you to choose your surface pressure, but makes a suggestion based on planet size). This is equivalent to about 14,000 feet of altitude on Earth. Depending on how quickly the pressure around them changed, what percentage of oxygen Almean air contains (it would need to be around 33% oxygen to have the same oxygen content at sea level, compared to 20% on Earth), this could have impications for the condition that the Hellenikoi and their ship arrived in. A quick pressure change would imply lung trauma to the crew and possibly significant damage to the ship. If there's the same percentage of oxygen as on Earth, then, even without rapid pressure change, they'd still arrive feeling like they'd sailed up Pike's Peak. (The thinner atmosphere could be worked in as another reason why only the Elkaril go into the mountains, if it's not oxygen rich).
Another interesting factor is that surface gravity would be about .75 g (depending on what density we assume for the planet). This has implications for biology (plants and animals may well be taller, it won't be so easy to break bones falling), geography (mountains will likely be taller), atmospheric structure (pressure will drop off less with altitude), and so forth.