Romanization challenge thread

[Nortaneous]

i tried to do an english-based orthography for haitian creole but i gave up after 'nong caungmongsmong'

[kanejam]

i tried to do an english-based orthography for haitian creole but i gave up after 'nong caungmongsmong'

Hahaha too good!

[ObsequiousNewt]

Turkmen:

/b tʰ t d kʰ k g/ <β θ τ δ χ κ γ>
/m n ŋ/ <μ ν ν>
/β θ ð ç/ <φ σ ζ ξ>
/ɾ l ɫ j/ <ρ λ λ ι>
Glottal stop represented by psili on next vowel, /h/ by daseia, /j/ by hypogegrammene below /ω η α/.

/i y ɯ u/ <ι υ υι ω>
/e ø o/ <η εο ο>
/ə a/ <ε α>

/i: y: ɯ: u: o: e: a:/ <ί ύ υί ώ ό ή ά>

/jediyð do:θt yLgeθi:Ne lalatʰtʰɯɾ miə ðanne. həββatʰø açiʔə ɫuɯ bəʔy: tojuβgog βolhað gøɾkʰiɾalla çy, çi:hte ɯ: aθəbe:çk. əge tie:ɫi içt aʔɯhkɯɫa:ɾ. ŋigLeçən ɾɯNNu əddəɾŋeN βeNkʰ, ka:ɫbi kʰo:jɯ najeg βaŋe u:ʔəLdo uha jɯhʔo./

Ιηδιυζ δόστ υλγησίνη λαλαθθυιρ μιε δαννη. Ἑφφαθεο αξιἐ λωυι βεὔ τοιωφγογ φολἁζ γεορχιραλλα ξυ, ξίτη υί ασεβήξκ. Εγη τιήλι ιξτ αυἰκυιλάρ. Νιγληξεν ρυιννω εδδερνην φηνχ, κάλβι χόιυι νᾳηγ φανη ώἐλδο ωἁ ιυἱὀ.

Wow, that did not work as well as I thought it would.

[Click]

Cgéyor ayıšę
/kɣejɔl ajisjɛ̃/

/m n ŋ/ g̃v n g̃
/p b t d k g/ cv gv t d c g
/f v s z ʃ ʒ ɣ h/ cgv gcv s z š ž ġ ch
/l j w/ r y v

/i u (ũ)/ ı oy ǫy
/e o/ ey ov
/ɛ ɛ̃ ɔ ɔ̃/ e ę o ǫ
/a ã/ a ą

/nj tj dj sj zj rj kɣ/ are ň č ǰ š ž ř cg, /{i|e|o}N/ are ı̨ ęy ǫv, an ə is appended to single-consonant words, {a|e|i}y oy and ov are á é í ó and ô before consonants or word-finally.

Ną cǫg̃vąsmą gvǫǰé cgéyé šer ra ac rate ra. G̃vę rate pa tə gę cgvom, rı pa tə gę ąyę só rı. Fenva te cóġı tót rate. Gvǫǰé dı: sé pó rımye cgvet. Écvı rımye té cgvet. Écvı rımye té cgvet. Gvǫǰé ve rımye a te gvǫ. Gvǫǰé mété rımye a yǫ bo, rı mété cgvenva a yǫ rot gvo. Gvǫǰé ġéré rımye a ražóne, rı ġéré cgvenva a rąnvıt. Yǫ ląnvıt casé, yǫ g̃vatę ġıgcvé. Se te cvġémıé žoy a.
/nã kɔ̃mãsmã bɔ̃dje kɣeje sjɛl la ak latɛ la. mɛ̃ latɛ pa t gɛ̃ fɔm, li pa t gɛ̃ ãjɛ̃ su li. fɛnwa te kuvɣi tupatu. lespɣi bɔ̃dje t ap plane su dlo ki te kuvɣi tut latɛ. bɔ̃dje di: se pu limjɛ fɛt. epi limjɛ te fɛt. bɔ̃dje wɛ limjɛ a te bɔ̃. bɔ̃dje mete limjɛ a jɔ̃ bɔ, li mete fɛnwa a jɔ̃ lɔt bɔ. bɔ̃dje ɣele limjɛ a laʒunɛ̃, li ɣele fɛnwa a lãnwit. jɔ̃ lãnwit pase, jɔ̃ matɛ̃ ɣive. se te pɣemje ʒu a./[/quote]

[Nortaneous]

oh well there's always an orthography based on an equally fucked long-shelved conlang

/m n ŋ/ <m n nh>
/p b t d k g/ <pp p tt t kk k> or p mp etc
/f v s z ʃ ʒ ɣ h/ <hv v zz z ss s r x>
/l j w/ <l i u>

/i u (ũ)/ <i~ei u~iu>
/e o/ <e~ai au~iau>
/ɛ ɛ̃ ɔ ɔ̃/ <ell~aill elN~ailN aull~iaull aulN~iaulN>
/a ã/ <a aN>

Nam kaullnĕmazzman ĕpaunte kraie sellĕ la ak lattell la. Maillm lattell pa tĕnkaillm hvaullm, lei pa tĕnkaillm anell zu lei. Hvellĕnua tai kuvrei tuppattu. Laizprei ĕpaunte tap planai zu dlau kei tai kuvrei tut lattell. Ĕpaunte ĕntei zai pu leimell hvaillt. Aippei leimell tai hvaillt. Ĕpaunte uai leimell a tai bollm. Ĕpaunte maittai leimell a iaullm ĕpaull, lei maittai hvaillĕnua a iaullm laullt ĕpaull. Ĕpaunte railai leimell a lasunaillm, lei railai hvaillĕnua a lanĕnuit. Iaullm lanĕnuit pazze, iaullm mattaillm reivai. Zai tai praime ĕsu a.

[kanejam]

oh well there's always an orthography based on an equally fucked long-shelved conlang

/m n ŋ/ <m n nh>
/p b t d k g/ <pp p tt t kk k> or p mp etc
/f v s z ʃ ʒ ɣ h/ <hv v zz z ss s r x>
/l j w/ <l i u>

/i u (ũ)/ <i~ei u~iu>
/e o/ <e~ai au~iau>
/ɛ ɛ̃ ɔ ɔ̃/ <ell~aill elN~ailN aull~iaull aulN~iaulN>
/a ã/ <a aN>

Nam kaullnĕmazzman ĕpaunte kraie sellĕ la ak lattell la. Maillm lattell pa tĕnkaillm hvaullm, lei pa tĕnkaillm anell zu lei. Hvellĕnua tai kuvrei tuppattu. Laizprei ĕpaunte tap planai zu dlau kei tai kuvrei tut lattell. Ĕpaunte ĕntei zai pu leimell hvaillt. Aippei leimell tai hvaillt. Ĕpaunte uai leimell a tai bollm. Ĕpaunte maittai leimell a iaullm ĕpaull, lei maittai hvaillĕnua a iaullm laullt ĕpaull. Ĕpaunte railai leimell a lasunaillm, lei railai hvaillĕnua a lanĕnuit. Iaullm lanĕnuit pazze, iaullm mattaillm reivai. Zai tai praime ĕsu a.

This is really quite pretty, except almost impossible to read

Edit: @Click, where did you get your inspiration?

[Nortaneous]

Yanyuwa (palatals are also described as front velars)

/b d̪ d ḏ ɖ ɟ ɡ̠/
/ⁿb ⁿd̪ ⁿd ⁿḏ ⁿɖ ⁿɟ ⁿɡ̠/
/m n̪ n ṉ ɳ ɲ ŋ̠/
/l̪ l ḻ ɭ/
/r ɻ j w/
/a i u/

/ɟinaŋ̠uwuɡ̠ud̪uɖuwara nawini wuⁿɡ̠uɭi kawiⁿɡ̠a waɟalija ɡ̠iwamaralu najiɖi naɻidiɻidi ɡ̠iwaḻawu. puji aɖu ɡ̠awiⁿɡ̠a waɟalija wulaŋ̠iⁿdu ɡ̠ilaɡ̠ala ṉiɡ̠ubaba./

[Nortaneous]

/b d̪ d ḏ ɖ ɟ ɡ̠/ <b d t j rd c k>
/ⁿb ⁿd̪ ⁿd ⁿḏ ⁿɖ ⁿɟ ⁿɡ̠/ <mb nd nt nj rnd nc nk>
/m n̪ n ṉ ɳ ɲ ŋ̠/ <m nh n ny rn ngy ng>
/l̪ l ḻ ɭ/ <lh l ly rl>
/r ɻ j w/ <rr r y w>
/a i u/ <a i u>

/ɟinaŋ̠uwuɡ̠ud̪uɖuwara nawini wuⁿɡ̠uɭi kawiⁿɡ̠a waɟalija ɡ̠iwamaralu najiɖi naɻidiɻidi ɡ̠iwaḻawu. puji aɖu ɡ̠awiⁿɡ̠a waɟalija wulaŋ̠iⁿdu ɡ̠ilaɡ̠ala ṉiɡ̠ubaba./
Cinanguwukudurduwarra nawini wunkurli kawinka wacaliya giwamarralu nayirdi naritiriti kiwalyawu. Buyi ardu kawinka wacaliya wulangintu kilakala nyikubaba.

or, as Miar

/b d̪ d ḏ ɖ ɟ ɡ̠/ <p t s c c̣ k q>
/ⁿb ⁿd̪ ⁿd ⁿḏ ⁿɖ ⁿɟ ⁿɡ̠/ <b d z j ẓ g nq>
/m n̪ n ṉ ɳ ɲ ŋ̠/ <m ṉ n ñ ṇ ŋy ŋ>
/l̪ l ḻ ɭ/ <ḻ l ly ḷ>
/r ɻ j w/ <r ṛ y v>
/a i u/ <a i o>

/ɟinaŋ̠uwuɡ̠ud̪uɖuwara nawini wuⁿɡ̠uɭi kawiⁿɡ̠a waɟalija ɡ̠iwamaralu najiɖi naɻidiɻidi ɡ̠iwaḻawu. puji aɖu ɡ̠awiⁿɡ̠a waɟalija wulaŋ̠iⁿdu ɡ̠ilaɡ̠ala ṉiɡ̠ubaba./
Kinaŋooqotoc̣oara navini vonqoḷi qavinqa vakalia qivamaralo naic̣i naṛisiṛisi qivalyao. Poi ac̣o qavinqa vakalia volaŋizo qilaqala ñiqopapa.

[Click]

Edit: @Click, where did you get your inspiration?

My anti-romanisation for Latin.

• Cvı vézo deyos ese díxérǫvt tąta sǫvt ı̨ važetáte et dısę́šóne, ovt eyózǫv ı̨́chvínítǫv énovmezáze sętęčás. Ną et de chvıgóvzıs deyórǫv, et de rocıs aʼcve sédıgvovs, et de áʼčóne vítaı movrta dícǫvtovz. Décve ıs sǫvma tchvırosotchvórǫv dısę́šóne ceztátovz. Cvod vézo maxıme rę cavsą́cve cǫtınet ovrtǫv nıchır agąt, nıhır móřątovz, ǫnı cóvzáčóne et admınıʼtzáčóne zézǫv vacęt. Ą cǫtra agv ıyıs et a cvrı̨́cıchyo ǫňa chvacta et cǫ́stıtóvta sı̨t, et ad ı̨́chvínítǫv tęcvovs zégątovz aʼcve moveyątovz. Į cvrímıs cvaı magna dısę́šo est. Eyacve nısı díyóvdıcatovz, ın sǫvmó ezóze necese est chomınes aʼcve ın macımázǫv zézǫv ıgnózáčóne vezsázı.

Yanyuwa (Yáṇóya)

/ba d̪a da ḏa ɖa ɟa ɡ̠a/ pa tá ta ṭá ṭa ká ka
/ⁿba ⁿd̪a ⁿda ⁿḏa ⁿɖa ⁿɟa ⁿɡ̠a/ pá dá da ḍá ḍa gá ga
/ma n̪a na ṉa ɳa ɲa ŋ̠a/ ma ná na ṇá ṇa ngá nga
/l̪a la ḻa ɭa/ lá la ḷá ḷa
/ra ɻa ja wa/ rá ra yá ya
/a i u/ a ı o

Kínangoyokotóṭoyará nayını yogoḷı kayıga yakálıyá kıyamarálo nayíṭı narıtırıtı gıyaḷáyo. Poyí aṭo kayıga yakálıyá yolangıdo kılakala ṇíkupapa.
/ɟinaŋ̠uwuɡ̠ud̪uɖuwara nawini wuⁿɡ̠uɭi kawiⁿɡ̠a waɟalija ɡ̠iwamaralu najiɖi naɻidiɻidi ɡ̠iwaḻawu. puji aɖu ɡ̠awiⁿɡ̠a waɟalija wulaŋ̠iⁿdu ɡ̠ilaɡ̠ala ṉiɡ̠ubaba./

[tezcatlip0ca]

Yanyuwa

/b d̪ d ḏ ɖ ɟ ɡ̠/ p th t s tr c k
/ⁿb ⁿd̪ ⁿd ⁿḏ ⁿɖ ⁿɟ ⁿɡ̠/ b dh d z dr j g
/m n̪ n ṉ ɳ ɲ ŋ̠/ m nh n nz nr ny ng
/l̪ l ḻ ɭ/ lh l lz lr
/r ɻ j w/ rr r y w
/a i u/ a i u

/ɟinaŋ̠uwuɡ̠ud̪uɖuwara nawini wuⁿɡ̠uɭi kawiⁿɡ̠a waɟalija ɡ̠iwamaralu najiɖi naɻidiɻidi ɡ̠iwaḻawu. puji aɖu ɡ̠awiⁿɡ̠a waɟalija wulaŋ̠iⁿdu ɡ̠ilaɡ̠ala ṉiɡ̠ubaba./
Cinanguwukuthutruwara nawini wugulri kawiga wacaliya kiwamarralu nayitri naritiriti kiwalzawu. Puyi atru kawiga wacaliya wulangidu kilakala nzikupapa.

[Nortaneous]

Iau:

/b t d k f s/
/ã æ ɔ ɪ ʊ i u i̝/

/b d/ vary freely with nasals.
/f/ is [f~h] word-initially, [x] word-initially before /i/, [h] word-medially, and [p] word-finally.
/i̝/ is a fricated high front vowel. /ã/ is nasalized.

Permitted vowel sequences:
/æi ãi̝ ãi ãɪ ãæ ãu ãʊ ui ʊɪ ɔi ɔæ ãui ãʊɪ/

Tones:
˨ ˧ ˩ ˦˧ ˨˦ ˨˧ ˧˦ ˨˦˧
Note that two tones can occur on one word.
˩ is actually a low-mid to low contour tone but the tone letter for that doesn't display right for me so I'm writing it as a level tone.

bʊ˦˧ bã˨˧ bæ˩-˧ du˩bæ˩ dɪ˨ ɔ˩ di˩ i˧˦ dã˧-˨˧. bʊ˦˧ fi˨˧ãu˨˧ dɔæ˩ ɔi˩-˧ ãi˨˧ ɪ˧˦. sã˨˧dɪ˨˧ bu˧ bãi˩ dæ˧ dɪ˧˦. dãi˧˦ bɪ˧˦ ã˩sæ˨ bɔ˨˧ bæ˩ bæ˨˦ sãi˩fɔ˧ æ˨fãi˦˧ dæ˨ di˧˦ ɪ˧˦ sãæ˦˧-˨˧. bʊ˦˧ fɔi˨˧-˩ sæ˧˦ bæ˩fæ˩ i̝˦˧su˧˦ kãf˩.

[Nortaneous]

lol i killed the thread

/b t d k f s/ <b t d k f s>
/ã æ ɔ ɪ ʊ i u i̝/ <ã a o e ou i u y>

Permitted vowel sequences:
/æi ãi̝ ãi ãɪ ãæ ãu ãʊ ui ʊɪ ɔi ɔæ ãui ãʊɪ/
<ai ãy ãin ãe ãa ãu ãou ui ue oi oa ãui ãue>

Tones:
˨ ˧ ˩ ˦˧ ˨˦ ˨˧ ˧˦ ˨˦˧
<1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8>

bʊ˦˧ bã˨˧ bæ˩-˧ du˩bæ˩ dɪ˨ ɔ˩ di˩ i˧˦ dã˧-˨˧. bʊ˦˧ fi˨˧ãu˨˧ dɔæ˩ ɔi˩-˧ ãi˨˧ ɪ˧˦. sã˨˧dɪ˨˧ bu˧ bãi˩ dæ˧ dɪ˧˦. dãi˧˦ bɪ˧˦ ã˩sæ˨ bɔ˨˧ bæ˩ bæ˨˦ sãi˩fɔ˧ æ˨fãi˦˧ dæ˨ di˧˦ ɪ˧˦ sãæ˦˧-˨˧. bʊ˦˧ fɔi˨˧-˩ sæ˧˦ bæ˩fæ˩ i̝˦˧su˧˦ kãf˩.
Bou4 bã7 ba32 du3ba3 de1 o3 di3 i7 dã26. Bou4 fi6ãu6 doe3 oi32 ãi6 e7. Sã6de6 bu2 bãi3 de2 de7. Dãi7 be7 ã3sa1 bo6 be3 be5 sãi3fo2 a1fãi4 da1 di5 e7 sãa46. Bou4 foi63 sa7 ba3fa3 y4su7 kãf3.

or let's see if I can get enough diacritics for this
1 = grave
2 = acute
3 = null / umlaut when second in tone cluster
4 = circumflex
5 = tilde
6 = caron
7 = macron
8 = undermacron

Bôu bą̄ baá duba dè o di ī dą́ą̌. Bôû fǐą̌u doe oí ą̌i ē. Są̌dě bú bąi dé dē. Dą̄i bē ąsà bǒ be bẽ sąifó àfą̂i dà dĩ ē są̂ǎ. Bôu fǒï sā bafa ŷsū kąf.

[finlay]

how can you have two tones on one word, and how is that distinct from just having a more complex contour?

[Nortaneous]

how can you have two tones on one word, and how is that distinct from just having a more complex contour?

Good question! I have no idea. http://sealang.net/archives/nusa/pdf/nu ... p29-42.pdf

[Quantum]

Ḳaay

Inventory

t̼ t̪ ʈ c k q ʡ ʔ ‹p t d c k q g ʔ›
t̪' ʈ' c' k' q' ‹ṭ ḍ ċ ḳ q̇›
s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç x χ ʜ h ‹f v s z l ȷ x h r ʰ›
s̪' ʂ' ɭ̝̊' ç' x' χ' ‹ṡ ż ḷ j ẋ ḥ›
j ɥ w ʕ ‹y u w o›

ɨ ɨ̰ ‹ı i›
ə əː ə̰ ə̃ ə̃ː ə̰̃ ‹e ee ė ę ęę ę̇›
ɐ ɐː ɐ̰ ɐ̃ ɐ̃ː ɐ̰̃ ‹a aa ȧ ą ąą ą̇›

Phonotactics

CCCV(CC)

• 1.Clusters are color coded respectively
  2.Superscript titties indicate optional glottalization
  3.P-Plosive, F-Fricative, G-Glide
  4.This is a list of potential, not actual clusters
  
  Onsets:
  
  P⁽'⁾/F⁽'⁾/G/PF⁽'⁾/PFF⁽'⁾/FF⁽'⁾/P⁽'⁾G/PFG/FG/FFG/FP⁽'⁾/FPF⁽'⁾/FPG
  
  /t̼ k q ʡ ʔ x χ ʜ h/+/s̼ ɬ̼/+/χ ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/
  /t̼ t̪ k q ʡ ʔ x χ ʜ h/+/s̪/+/ç x χ ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/
  /ʈ k q ʡ ʔ x χ ʜ h/+/ʂ ɭ̝̊/+/χ ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/
  /t̪ c k q ʡ ʔ s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ x χ ʜ h/+/ç/+/χ ʜ h w ʕ/
  /t̪ k ʡ ʔ s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ç ʜ h/+/x/+/s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/
  /t̼ t̪ ʈ k q ʡ ʔ s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç ʜ h/+/χ/+/s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/
  /t̼ t̪ ʈ c k q ʡ s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç x χ/+/ʜ/+/s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç x χ j ɥ w ʕ/
  /t̼ t̪ ʈ c k q ʔ s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç x χ/+/h/+/s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç x χ j ɥ w/
  /t̼ t̪ k q ʡ ʔ s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ x χ ʜ h/+/j ɥ/
  /t̼ t̪ ʈ c k q ʡ ʔ s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç x χ ʜ h/+/w ʕ/
  /s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ x χ ʜ h/+/t̼/+/s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ χ ʜ h j ɥ ʕ/
  /s̪ ç x χ ʜ h/+/t̪/+/s̪ x χ ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/
  /ʂ ɭ̝̊ x χ ʜ h/+/ʈ/+/ʂ ɭ̝̊ χ ʜ h w ʕ/
  /s̪ ç x χ ʜ h/+/c/+/ç ʜ h w ʕ/
  /s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ç x ʜ h/+/k/+/s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç x χ ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/
  /s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç x χ ʜ h/+/q/+/s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç χ ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/
  /s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç x χ ʜ/+/ʡ/+/s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç χ ʜ j ɥ w ʕ/

• Codas:
  
  P⁽'⁾/F⁽'⁾/G/PF⁽'⁾/FP⁽'⁾/FF⁽'⁾/GP⁽'⁾/GF⁽'⁾
  
  /t̼ k q ʡ ʔ χ ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/+/s̼ ɬ̼/
  /t̼ t̪ k q ʡ ʔ x χ ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/+/s̪/
  /ʈ k q ʡ ʔ χ ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/+/ʂ ɭ̝̊/
  /t̪ c k q ʡ ʔ s̪ x χ ʜ h w ʕ/+/ç/
  /t̪ k ʡ ʔ ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/+/x/
  /t̼ t̪ ʈ k q ʡ ʔ s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/+/χ/
  /t̼ t̪ ʈ c k q ʡ s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç x χ ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/+/ʜ/
  /t̼ t̪ ʈ c k q ʔ s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç x χ ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/+/h/
  /s̼ ɬ̼ x χ ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/+/t̼/
  /s̪ ç x χ ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/+/t̪/
  /ʂ ɭ̝̊ x χ ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/+/ʈ/
  /s̪ ç χ ʜ h w ʕ/+/c/
  /s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç x χ ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/+/k/
  /s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç χ ʜ h j ɥ w ʕ/+/q/
  /s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç x χ ʜ j ɥ w ʕ/+/ʡ/

Sample Text

/t̪'ə̃ kə̰ qəːhcs̼əʜʜɐ̃ː kə̰jɭ̝̊'əːʈ' cɨj s̪'ɨs̼ʡə̃ːʈ' ɭ̝̊'ɐ̰ ʈə̰̃ ɥəː ʈɨx'xqɨ̰ ʕɐ̰w ʜʈɐs̪' t̪ɨʡ s̼ə̃ːk'ɨ̰hɭ̝̊ s̪ə̃ː q'əɭ̝̊ χɬ̼wɐːt̼ ʜɨ̰t̪ ɬ̼t̼ɨɥs̪'ɨ̰χɨ̰ɥ χt̪xɨ/

Ṭę kė qeeʰcferrąą kėyḷeeḍ cıy ṡıfgęęḍ ḷȧ dę̇ uee dıẋhqi oȧw rdaṡ tıg fęęḳiʰl sęę q̇el hvwaap rit vpıuṡihiu htxı

[Nortaneous]

/t̼ t̪ ʈ c k q ʡ ʔ/ <p t r c k q g x>
/t̪' ʈ' c' k' q'/ <tʼ rʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ>
/s̼ ɬ̼ s̪ ʂ ɭ̝̊ ç x χ ʜ h/ <f fl s z l ç x j ḡ h>
/s̪' ʂ' ɭ̝̊' ç' x' χ'/ <sʼ zʼ lʼ çʼ xʼ jʼ>
/j ɥ w ʕ/ <y wy w v>

ɨ ɨ̰ ‹i u>
ə əː ə̰ ə̃ ə̃ː ə̰̃ <e o o̓ en on o̓n>
ɐ ɐː ɐ̰ ɐ̃ ɐ̃ː ɐ̰̃ <a â a̓ an ân a̓n>

/t̪'ə̃ kə̰ qəːhcs̼əʜʜɐ̃ː kə̰jɭ̝̊'əːʈ' cɨj s̪'ɨs̼ʡə̃ːʈ' ɭ̝̊'ɐ̰ ʈə̰̃ ɥəː ʈɨx'xqɨ̰ ʕɐ̰w ʜʈɐs̪' t̪ɨʡ s̼ə̃ːk'ɨ̰hɭ̝̊ s̪ə̃ː q'əɭ̝̊ χɬ̼wɐːt̼ ʜɨ̰t̪ ɬ̼t̼ɨɥs̪'ɨ̰χɨ̰ɥ χt̪xɨ/
Ten ke̓ qohcfeḡḡân ke̓ylʼorʼ ciy sʼifgonrʼ lʼa̓ re̓n wyo rixʼxqu va̓w ḡrasʼ tig sokʼuhl son qʼel jflwâp ḡut flpiywsʼujuwy jtxi.

[gach]

how can you have two tones on one word, and how is that distinct from just having a more complex contour?

Good question! I have no idea. http://sealang.net/archives/nusa/pdf/nu ... p29-42.pdf

Based on Tone Contours and Tone Clusters in Iau (Edmondson et al., 1992) there really is no qualitative phonetic difference between the tone clusters and complex contour tones. But still after a quick read I have no clue as to why we should analyse certain words with lexical tones clusters instead of single lexical contours.

[Nortaneous]

how can you have two tones on one word, and how is that distinct from just having a more complex contour?

Good question! I have no idea. http://sealang.net/archives/nusa/pdf/nu ... p29-42.pdf

Based on Tone Contours and Tone Clusters in Iau (Edmondson et al., 1992) there really is no qualitative phonetic difference between the tone clusters and complex contour tones. But still after a quick read I have no clue as to why we should analyse certain words with lexical tones clusters instead of single lexical contours.

I'm guessing that they come diachronically from vowel sequences that merged when intervocalic /d/ dropped, but I think that's where some of the tones come from too -- Lakes-Plain languages generally have fewer. Only three of the tone clusters can occur in roots; the rest are only used for inflections on verbs.

Are there any languages with eleven tones?

[gach]

I'm guessing that they come diachronically from vowel sequences that merged when intervocalic /d/ dropped, but I think that's where some of the tones come from too -- Lakes-Plain languages generally have fewer. Only three of the tone clusters can occur in roots; the rest are only used for inflections on verbs.

The paper also speculates that some cluster toned monosyllabics originate from previous disyllabics (end of Sect. 2.4) so that current da^8-4 (tone contour /343/) would be a contraction of previous da⁸ a⁴ (tone contour /3/ + /43/)

Are there any languages with eleven tones?

I don't remember seeing any analyses with more than 10 tones.

[Nortaneous]

What's the largest number of tones attested in a natlang besides Iau?

[Nortaneous]

fuck all y'all

/pʰ tʰ tsʰ kʰ qʰ/
/p t ts k q ʔ/
/d dz g ɢ/
/dtʰ dtsʰ ɡkʰ ɢqʰ/
/tʼ tsʼ kʼ kxʼ qʼ/
/dtsʼ gkxʼ/
/f s x h/
/m n ɲ/
/ˀm ˀn/
/β l j/
/pʼkxʼ tx dtx tsʰx dtsʰx tʼkxʼ dtʼkxʼ tsʼkxʼ dtsʼkxʼ/
/kʘ kǀ kǁ kǃ kǂ/
/kʘʰ kǀʰ kǁʰ kǃʰ kǂʰ/
/gʘ gǀ gǁ gǃ gǂ/
/gʘʰ gǀʰ gǁʰ gǃʰ gǂʰ/
/ŋʘ ŋǀ ŋǁ ŋǃ ŋǂ/
/ŋ̊ʘ ŋ̊ǀ ŋ̊ǁ ŋ̊ǃ ŋ̊ǂ/
/↓ŋ̊ʘʰ ↓ŋ̊ǀʰ ↓ŋ̊ǁʰ ↓ŋ̊ǃʰ ↓ŋ̊ǂʰ/
/kʘˀ kǀˀ kǁˀ kǃˀ kǂˀ/
/ˀŋʘ ˀŋǀ ˀŋǁ ˀŋǃ ˀŋǂ/
/qʘ qǀ qǁ qǃ qǂ/
/qʘʰ qǀʰ qǁʰ qǃʰ qǂʰ/
/ɢʘ ɢǀ ɢǁ ɢǃ ɢǂ/
/kʘx kǀx kǁx kǃx kǂx/
/gʘx gǀx gǁx gǃx gǂx/
/qʘˀ qǀˀ qǁˀ qǃˀ qǂˀ/
/kʘʼqʼ kǀʼqʼ kǁʼqʼ kǃʼqʼ kǂʼqʼ/
/ɡʘqʼ gǀqʼ ɡǁqʼ ɡǃqʼ ɡǂqʼ/

Vowels:
/a e o i u/ + plain, murmured (Vʰ), glottalized, nasal
/a o u/ + glottalized murmur, pharyngealized, strident
/a u/ + pharyngealized and glottalized
Four tones: high, mid, low, mid-falling
syllabic m, n

qǃʰáa̰ kū ŋǂûm ɢǁûˤlitê ǀè dtxóʔlu ŋǀàe ǂˀá sàˤa̰. ŋǃùˤṵ ì à ǁˀàβe ǃùm̩ ʘàa sâa.

qa̰a ǃaǀi ˀaʰn̩ Boroǁxao ˀaʰn̩ uʰasa ǃaʰeʰ oi ŋǂˀa̰an isu ǃaʰeʰ ku ǀa̰alute tu ŋǀəu ǀuŋǂumate ki dao tsʰoe ku. uʰǁei ŋǂum ka ba ŋǂˀaʰn̩te gǃõ gǃʉˀma i ŋǀe ǂa̰asa i ǃubekuŋǂum ki ǁuʘa te ǀi ke ke ŋǃau tsʰoe biŋǂu ǀˀa ǀa i ǁʰoa ba gǀuma ŋǁute. uʰǁei gǂum sa ke te buǁei ba ǂˀaˀnse ǀa qaisa i ǂgõʰõʰ ke tṵum̩ kã ǀʰũ keǀe beŋkele ǀi ei ŋʼǂa̰an ce. xabeka ǃaǀi ǁṵun̩ i tẽˀẽ eʰǂˀãõku ki dza̰ai ce ʘage i kaneka ǃaʰeʰ ku ǀa̰alute te iˀe ʘage eʰka̰ ba ˀao ˀaʰn̩ i ba sa tsʼanci ǁuʘa ʔiqate Boroǁxao gǂum ce xabeka ǂa̰asa ǁʉ̰ʉn i tẽˀẽ n̩ˀn̩ ke ǃxa̰a kuŋǂuˀmu n̩ˀn̩ gǀuma tʰani.

[Nortaneous]

/pʰ tʰ tsʰ kʰ qʰ/ <ph th ch kh qh>
/p t ts k q ʔ/ <p t c k q ʼ>
/d dz g ɢ/ <d z g gq>
/dtʰ dtsʰ ɡkʰ ɢqʰ/ <dh zh gh gqh>
/tʼ tsʼ kʼ kxʼ qʼ/ <tʼ cʼ kʼ kxʼ qʼ>
/dtsʼ gkxʼ/ <zʼ gʼ>
/f s x h/ <f s x h>
/m n ɲ/ <m n ñ>
/ˀm ˀn/ <ʼm ʼn>
/β l j/ <b l y>
/pʼkxʼ tx dtx tsʰx dtsʰx tʼkxʼ dtʼkxʼ tsʼkxʼ dtsʼkxʼ/ <pxʼ tx dx cx zx txʼ dxʼ cxʼ zxʼ>
/kʘ kǀ kǁ kǃ kǂ/ <p! t! l! ! c!>
/kʘʰ kǀʰ kǁʰ kǃʰ kǂʰ/ <p!h t!h l!h s!h c!h>
/gʘ gǀ gǁ gǃ gǂ/ <b! d! dl! r! z!>
/gʘʰ gǀʰ gǁʰ gǃʰ gǂʰ/ <b!h d!h dl!h r!h z!h>
/ŋʘ ŋǀ ŋǁ ŋǃ ŋǂ/ <m!b n!d n!dl n! n!z>
/ŋ̊ʘ ŋ̊ǀ ŋ̊ǁ ŋ̊ǃ ŋ̊ǂ/ <m!p n!t n!l n!s n!c>
/↓ŋ̊ʘʰ ↓ŋ̊ǀʰ ↓ŋ̊ǁʰ ↓ŋ̊ǃʰ ↓ŋ̊ǂʰ/ <m!ph n!th n!lh n!sh n!ch>
/kʘˀ kǀˀ kǁˀ kǃˀ kǂˀ/ <p!ʼ t!ʼ l!ʼ s!ʼ c!ʼ>
/ˀŋʘ ˀŋǀ ˀŋǁ ˀŋǃ ˀŋǂ/ <m!bʼ n!dʼ n!dlʼ n!rʼ n!zʼ>
/qʘ qǀ qǁ qǃ qǂ/ <p!q t!q l!q q! c!q>
/qʘʰ qǀʰ qǁʰ qǃʰ qǂʰ/ <p!qh t!qh l!qh q!h c!qh>
/ɢʘ ɢǀ ɢǁ ɢǃ ɢǂ/ <b!q d!q dl!q r!q z!q>
/kʘx kǀx kǁx kǃx kǂx/ <p!x t!x l!x !x c!x>
/gʘx gǀx gǁx gǃx gǂx/ <b!x d!x dl!x r!x z!x>
/qʘˀ qǀˀ qǁˀ qǃˀ qǂˀ/ <p!qʼ t!qʼ l!qʼ !qʼ c!qʼ>
/kʘʼqʼ kǀʼqʼ kǁʼqʼ kǃʼqʼ kǂʼqʼ/ <p!ʼqʼ t!ʼqʼ l!ʼqʼ !ʼqʼ c!ʼqʼ>
/ɡʘqʼ gǀqʼ ɡǁqʼ ɡǃqʼ ɡǂqʼ/ <b!qʼ d!qʼ dl!qʼ r!qʼ z!qʼ>

Vowels:
/a e o i u/
plain, murmur, glottalization, nasality, glottalized murmur, pharyngealization, stridency, glottalized pharyngealization: <a ah aʼ añ ahʼ ar ahr arʼ>
Four tones: high, mid, low, mid-falling
syllabic m, n <mm nn>

qǃʰáa̰ kū ŋǂûm ɢǁûˤlitê ǀè dtxóʔlu ŋǀàe ǂˀá sàˤa̰. ŋǃùˤṵ ì à ǁˀàβe ǃùm̩ ʘàa sâa.
T!qháaʼ ku n!zûm dl!qûrlitê t!è dxóʼlu n!tàe c!ʼá sàraʼ. N!zùruʼ ì à c!ʼàbe sǃùmm p!àa sâa.

qa̰a ǃaǀi ˀaʰn̩ Boroǁxao ˀaʰn̩ uʰasa ǃaʰeʰ oi ŋǂˀa̰an isu ǃaʰeʰ ku ǀa̰alute tu ŋǀau ǀuŋǂumate ki dao tsʰoe ku. uʰǁei ŋǂum ka ba ŋǂˀaʰn̩te gǃõ gǃuˀma i ŋǀe ǂa̰asa i ǃubekuŋǂum ki ǁuʘa te ǀi ke ke ŋǃau tsʰoe biŋǂu ǀˀa ǀa i ǁʰoa ba gǀuma ŋǁute.
Qaʼa !at!i ahʼnn Bodoc!xao ahʼnn uhasa !aheh oi n!zʼaʼan isu !ahehku t!aʼalute tu n!tau t!un!cumate ki dao choe ku. Uhc!ei n!zum ka ba n!cʼahnnte d!oñ d!uʼma i n!te c!aʼasa i !ubekun!cum ki l!up!a te li ke ke n!au choe bin!cu t!ʼa t!a i l!hoa ba d!uma n!lute.

[Haplogy]

Sukkn:

/p t~tʃ k (ʔ)/ <p t k>
/s~ʃ h/ <s ch>
/m~əm n~ən ŋ~əŋ/ <m/ăm n/ăn g/ăg>
/w~u: j~i: ɰ~ə: ɦ~a:/ <v/uv j/ij ğ/ăğ h/ah>
/l~əl/ <l ăl>

/i~e ɛ ə a ɔ u~o/ <i e ă a o u>

/sukkn/ [ʃokkən] <sukkăn>
/skw/ [sku:] <skuv>
/ɦn/ [ɦən] <hăn>
/ɦnu/ [a:nu] <ahnu>
/uljŋsɰ/ [ʔuljəŋsə:] <uljăgsăğ>



Yi:

/m̥ m n̥ n nʲ ŋ/ <mh m nh ny ng>
/m͜b n͜d ŋ͡g/ <mb nd ngg>
/p pʰ b t tʰ d k kʰ g/ <p ph b t th d k kh g>
/t͜s t͜sʰ d͜z nd͜z t͜ɕ t͜ɕʰ d͜ʑ nd͜ʑ t͡ʂ t͡ʂʰ d͡ʐ nd͡ʐ/ <tz tzh dz ndz tj tjh dj ndj tr trh dr ndr>
/f v s z ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ x ɣ h/ <f v s z sj j sr r ch gh h>
/ɬ l/ <lh l>

/a ɛ i ɔ o ɯ u u̠ ɿ ɿ̱̠/ <a e i å o î u uq y yq>
/u˨˩ u˧ u˧˦ u˥/ <uƨ u uз uч>
/u̠˨˩ u̠˧ u̠˧˦ u̠˥/ <uƨq uq uзq uчq>

[----]

crosspost from phonology thread--

/p t c k k͡p/
/m n ɲ ŋ ŋ͡m/
/β~v ð ɽ ɣ j w/

+ palatalization on everything except palatals and /ɽ/.

/i e a o u ɨ ɜ/

There is also a 3-way phonation distinction on vowels, distinguishing murmured/breathy voice, modal voice, and glottalized/creaky voice. Dunno what the syllable structure is, probably (C)V.

[zyxw59]

/p t c k k͡p/ p t c k kp
/m n ɲ ŋ ŋ͡m/ m n gn g gm
/β~v ð ɽ ɣ j w/ v d z x j w

/ʲ/ j

/i̤ e̤ a̤ o̤ ṳ ɨ̤ ɜ̤/ ih eh ah oh uh yh erh
/i e a o u ɨ ɜ/ i e a o u y er
/ḭ ḛ a̰ o̰ ṵ ɨ̰ ɜ̰/ iq eq aq oq uq yq erq