Substantial postings about constructed languages and constructed worlds in general. Good place to mention your own or evaluate someone else's. Put quick questions in C&C Quickies instead.
+ palatalization on everything except palatals and /ɽ/.
/i e a o u ɨ ɜ/
There is also a 3-way phonation distinction on vowels, distinguishing murmured/breathy voice, modal voice, and glottalized/creaky voice. Dunno what the syllable structure is, probably (C)V.
p t c k q
m n cn kn qn
b d r g y w
i e a o u ĭ ĕ
Cy for palatalization, Vh for breathy voice, V0 for modal voice, VV for creaky voice.
/p b t d tʃ (dʒ) k g/ p b t dt tx (dx) c/qu* g/gu*
/f v θ ð s z ʃ (ʒ) x h/ f v ç/c* d s z x (zx) j/g* h
/m n ŋ/ m n ñ
/l ɬ r r̥/ l ll r rr
/j w/ y u**
/a ɛ ɔ i ɨ u/ + /ə/ a è o i ù u e
/aː ɛː oː ɛi̯ ɔu̯ iː ɨː uː/ á é ó ei*** ou í û ú
/ai̯ au̯ ɔi̯ ɛu̯ iu̯/ ai*** au oi*** eu iu
* qu gu c g before /ɛ(ː) i(ː) ə/, c g ç j elsewhere.
** /w/ becomes ü between /k g/ and /ɛ(ː) i(ː) ə/
*** /i̯/ becomes y between vowels
uːrə vɛːdər ðə ðuː in ʃɔˈvɔnə jaʃt úre védter de dú in xovone yaxt
iˈhalɔd bjɔ ðiː namə ihalbodt byo dí name
skɨlə ðiː riːtʃə kumə scùle dí rítxe cume
ɔn ðiː wilə iˈdɔu̯n on dí wile idtoun
bjɔ ɔu̯n jɔrðə zɔ ɔu̯n ʃɔˈvɔnə byo oun yorde zo oun xovone
jiu̯ uːs toːˈdɛi̯ uːrə dɛi̯litʃə ɬaf yiu ús tódtei úre deilitxe llaf
ɔn vɔrˈjiu̯ uːs uːre sɨnəs on voryiu ús úre sùnes
zɔ wɛi̯ vorˈjiu̯ hɨː ðə əˈgɛi̯n uːs sɨn zo uei voryiu hû de eguein ús sùn
ɔn nɛ lɛd ðuː uːs ɔu̯ntoː nɔ tɛmpˈtaʃɔu̯n on ne led dú ús ountó no temptaxoun
ak əlɨːs uːs vrɔu̯m iu̯lə ac elûs ús vroum iule
o:n tɔ θriu fjɔur vi:f ziks ʒɔun jaxt njɔn tɨːn ón to çriu fyour víf zics zxoun yajt nyon tûn
/p b t d tʃ (dʒ) k g/ <p b t d ch j k g>
/f v θ ð s z ʃ (ʒ) x h/ <f v th th s z sh zh kh h>
/m n ŋ/ <m n ng>
/l ɬ r r̥/ <l hl r hr>
/j w/ <y w>
/a ɛ ɔ i ɨ u/ + /ə/ <a e au~aw i u o> <e>
/aː ɛː oː ɛi̯ ɔu̯ iː ɨː uː/ <aa ea oe ai~ay oa ee uu oo>
/ai̯ au̯ ɔi̯ ɛu̯ iu̯/ <ie ou~ow oi~oy eu~ew ue>
Oore Veader, the thoo in shauvaunne yasht, ihallaud byaw thee namme. Skolle thee reeche kumme, aun thee wille idoan, byaw oan yaurthe zaw oan shauvaunne. Yue oos toeday oore dailiche hlaf, aun vauryue oos oore sunnes, zaw way vauryue huu the egain oos sun. Aun ne led thoo oos oantoo temptashoan, ak eluus oos vroam ule.
one taw thrue fyoar veef ziks zhoan yakht nyaun tuun
/p b t d tʃ (dʒ) k g/ <p b t d tj~ti j c g>
/f v θ ð s z ʃ (ʒ) x h/ <ff f th dd s z si zi ch h>
/m n ŋ/ <m n ng>
/l ɬ r r̥/ <l ll r rh>
/j w/ <i w>
/a ɛ ɔ i ɨ u/ + /ə/ <a e o i y w> + <y>
/aː ɛː oː ɛi̯ ɔu̯ iː ɨː uː/ <â ê ô ei ou î ŷ ŵ>
/ai̯ au̯ ɔi̯ ɛu̯ iu̯/ <ai aw oi ew iw>
Ŵry Fêder ddy ddŵ in siofony iart, ihalod bio ddî namy. Scyly ddî rîtiy cŷmy, on ddî wily idown, bio own iorddy zo own siofony. Iiw ŵs tôdei ŵry deilitiy llaff, on foriiw ŵs ŵry synys, zo wei foriiw hŷ ddy ygein ŵs syn. On ne led ddŵ ŵs owntô no temptasiown, ac ylŷs ŵs frowm iwly.
p b t d c j k g
f v dh th s z sc zj gh h
m n ng
l hl r hr
y w
a e/é o i y u è/e
aa ee oo ey ow ii yy uu
ay aw oy ew iw
Since schwa is by far most often found word-finally, it is <e> there and <è> elsewhere. One could probably extend this convention and say that the grave isn't required immediately following a stressed syllable or something like that. Conversely, /ɛ/ is <é> word-finally and <e> elsewhere.
I decided not to mark stress since it didn't seem that crucial. I also decided not to mark vowel length in monosyllables that end in vowels because I noticed that high vowels were always long and mid vowels were always short in this environment.
Uure Veedèr, dhe dhu in scovone yasct, ihalod byo dhi name. Skyle dhi riice kume, on dhi wile idown, byo own yordhe zo own scovone. Yiw uus toodey uure deylice hlaf, on voryiw uus uure synès, zo wey voryiw hyy dhe ègeyn uus syn. On né led dhu uus owntoo no temptascown, ak èlyys uus vrowm iwle.
Oon to thriw fyowr viif ziks zjown yaght nyon tyyn.
---
Part of me would like to get away from <aa ee ii oo uu yy> for the long vowels, maybe <ae ei ie ou ue iy>?
Uere Veidèr dhe dhu in scovone yasct, ihalod byo dhi name. Skyle dhi riece kume, on dhi wile idown, byo own yordhe zo own scovone. Yiw ues toudey uere deylice hlaf, on voryiw ues uere synès, zo wey voryiw hiy dhe ègeyn ues syn. On né led dhu ues owntou no temptascown, ak èliys ues vrowm iwle.
Oun to thriw fyowr vief ziks zjown yaght nyon tiyn.
/p pʲ ɓ t ɗ kʲ k kʷ/ <p/ph pi/p b t d ki/k c/ch/k cu/c>
/m mʲ n ɲ ŋ ŋʷ/ <m/mh mi/m n/nh ni/n g/gh gu/g>
/f θ ɕ h/ <f z ci/c h>
/β l j ɣ/ <w l j r>
/a aː e o oː i ɯ u/ <a á e o ó i y u>
/ka˨˦ ka˧˩ ka˥ ka˦˨ ka˧˥ ka˧/ <cah car caa cahr ca caah>
/kaŋ˨˦ kaŋ˧˩ kaŋ˥ kaŋ˦˨ kaŋ˧˥ kaŋ˧/ <cag carng caang carg cang caag>
Лозибан ха, логу лан ген ни, саланалу киноў-сеи о цуикюў сите LLG га каихацу о инсоцу сите кита зинкоў генгодеалу. 1987-нен ни коўхёў са ле, 1997-нен ни бумпоў га зантеи-теки ни кансеи, 2002-нен кала зицёў данкаи ни хаитта. Омони интаанетто о тюўсин то сулу кокусаи-текина кенсан га сусунде илу. Лозибан но бумпоў ха нинген но генго но моно то сите ха мулуи но сеикаку о сите оли, коле о таикеи-теки ни каисецу хааку сулу уеде ха иппан но генго-гаку ёўгоде ха маниаванаи бааи га алу. Коко де Лозибан докузи но гаинен о икулака доўнюў сите оку хицуёў га алу. Ика но хёў ха, Лозибан бумпоў ни кансулу, Лозибан юлаи оёби Еиго юлаи но бумпоў ёўго ни, до но Нихонго но бумпоў ёўго га таиоў си ылы ка о симесита монодеалу. Сеики но Нихонго-яку то иу моно га теитяку сите инаи. Нанлакано ваке ни таисулу Нихонго вася но кёўцуў ликаи о зюмби сулу моно то сите зантеи-текина Нихонго о миги хасила ни кеисаи сите алу.
Knowledge is power, and power corrupts. So study hard and be evil!
/p pʰ b t tʰ ʈ k kʰ q ʔ/ <p ph b t th r k kh q c>
/m n ɳ ŋ ɴ/ <m n nh ng ṅ>
/f v θ ð ʂ ʐ x ɣ χ/ <f v dh d s z gh g x>
/j l/ <y l>
/a e ø o i u ø: o: u:/ <a e ö o i u öö oo uu>
/p pʰ b t tʰ ʈ k kʰ q ʔ/ <p pp b t tt d tr k kk q '>
/m n ɳ ŋ ɴ/ <m n nr ng nc>
/f v θ ð ʂ ʐ x ɣ χ/ <f v th dh sr zr kh gh qh>
/j l/ <j l>
/a e ø o i u ø: o: u:/ <a e eo o i u oe oh uh>
or
/p pʰ b t tʰ ʈ k kʰ q ʔ/ <p ph b t th d tr k kh q '>
/m n ɳ ŋ ɴ/ <m n nr ng ñ>
/f v θ ð ʂ ʐ x ɣ χ/ <f v þ ð sr zr x c qh>
/j l/ <j l>
/a e ø o i u ø: o: u:/ <a e ö o i u ê ô û>
'Twould be helpful to know the phonotactics, though.
/p pʰ b t tʰ ʈ k kʰ q ʔ/ <p p' b t t' d k k' g q>
/m n ɳ ŋ ɴ/ <m n n' ñ ñ'>
/f v θ ð ʂ ʐ x ɣ χ/ <f v th dh s z x y x'>
/j l/ <j l>
/a e ø o i u ø: o: u:/ <a e ê o i u ë ö ü>
Heptrion wrote:/p pʰ b t tʰ ʈ k kʰ q ʔ/ p ph b t th tr/rt* k kh q ’
/m n ɳ ŋ ɴ/ m n nr/rn* ñ ñh
/f v θ ð ʂ ʐ x ɣ χ/ f v s z sr/rs* zr/rz* x g xh
/j l/ y l
/a e ø o i u ø: o: u:/ a e ö o i u ő ó ú
/m n ŋ/ <m nn ņ>
/p b t d k g/ <p b t d k g>
/f v s z ʃ ʒ ɣ h/ <f v s z sy zy r h>
/l j w/ <l y w>
/i u (ũ)/ <i u un>
/e o/ <e o>
/ɛ ɛ̃ ɔ ɔ̃/ <ä än å ån>
/a ã/ <a an>
Nan kånmansman båndye kreye syäl la ak latä la. Män latä pa t gän fåm, li pa t gän anyän su li. Fännwa re kurvi tupatu. Lespri båndye t ap plane su dlo ki te kurvi tut latä. Båndye di: se pu limyä fät. Epi limyä te fät. Båndye wä limye a te bån. Båndye mete limyä a yån bå, li mete fännwa a yån låt bå. Båndye rele limyä a lazyunän, li rele fännwa a lannnwit. Yån lannnwit pase, yån matän rive. Se te premye zyu a.
/nã kɔ̃mãsmã bɔ̃dje kɣeje sjɛl la ak latɛ la. mɛ̃ latɛ pa t gɛ̃ fɔm, li pa t gɛ̃ ãjɛ̃ su li. fɛnwa te kuvɣi tupatu. lespɣi bɔ̃dje t ap plane su dlo ki te kuvɣi tut latɛ. bɔ̃dje di: se pu limjɛ fɛt. epi limjɛ te fɛt. bɔ̃dje wɛ limjɛ a te bɔ̃. bɔ̃dje mete limjɛ a jɔ̃ bɔ, li mete fɛnwa a jɔ̃ lɔt bɔ. bɔ̃dje ɣele limjɛ a laʒunɛ̃, li ɣele fɛnwa a lãnwit. jɔ̃ lãnwit pase, jɔ̃ matɛ̃ ɣive. se te pɣemje ʒu a./
Yanyuwa
/b d̪ d ḏ ɖ ɟ ɡ̠/ <b th t d dr gy g>
/ⁿb ⁿd̪ ⁿd ⁿḏ ⁿɖ ⁿɟ ⁿɡ̠/ <mb nth nt nd ndr ŋgy ŋg>
/m n̪ n ṉ ɳ ɲ ŋ̠/ <m nh n nn nr ŋy ŋ>
/l̪ l ḻ ɭ/ <lh l ll lr>
/r ɻ j w/ <rr r y v>
/a i u/ <a e u>
/b t d k f s/ <b t d k h~f~p s>
/ã æ ɔ ɪ ʊ i u i̝/ <a e o î û i u y>
/æi ãi̝ ãi ãɪ ãæ ãu ãʊ ui ʊɪ ɔi ɔæ ãui ãʊɪ/ <ei ay ai aî ae au aû ui oi oe aui auî>
/˨ ˧ ˩ ˦˧ ˨˦ ˨˧ ˧˦ ˨˦˧/ <Ø/ı ƨ з ч ƽ c l w>
Um, let's call this Thayen for now. That's not meant to be anything in the language.
/p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ ʔ ʔʰ/
/ɸ θ x h/
/ɬ/
/ʋ l j w ɦ/
/m n ŋ/
Two possible analyses of the vowels
/i i: u u: a a:/
Or
/i u/
/e o/
/a ɑ/
Phonotactics:
(C)CV(C)(C) max, but not CCVCC. Clusters may be two plosives, or an obstruent with a resonant. Plosive clusters must agree in aspiration, and they cannot cluster with themselves. A glottal may also not cluster with any other glottal.
Bdádeg deytad fue da slófam fáfglod puáse clabre áldge entgeug yuéfnga tmátfá lédle oudgát tuédga duesged avtslé fiá tag negyas zladág drafuát huahá fes dgéfde fadó gegsau dálad hnafún.
You can tell the same lie a thousand times,
But it never gets any more true,
So close your eyes once more and once more believe
That they all still believe in you.
Just one time.
/pʰ p b tʰ t d ʈʰ ʈ ɖ c ɟ kʰ k g ʔ/ pʼ p b tʼ t d ṭʼ ṭ ḍ tṣ dẓ cʼ c g ˀ
/tsʰ ts dz tɕʰ tɕ dʑ/ tsʼ ts dz tśʼ tś dź
/ɸ β sʰ s z ʂʰ ʂ ʐ ɕʰ ɕ ʑ xʰ x ɣ h ɦ/ f ̣f sʼ s z ṣʼ ṣ ẓ śʼ ś ź ċʼ ċ ġ h ḥ
/m̥ m n̥ n ȵ̊ ȵ ŋ̊ ŋ/ km m kn n kń ń kṇ ṇ
/l̥ l r j w/ kl l r y v
/ʰp ʰt ʰʈ ʰc ʰk ʰts ʰtɕ/ kpʼ ktʼ kṭʼ ktṣʼ kcʼ ktśʼ
/ʰsʰ ʰs ʰɕʰ ʰɕ ʰx ʰl̥/ ksʼ ks kśʼ kś kċ
/ʱb ʱd ʱɖ ʱɟ ʱg ʱdz ʱdʑ/ gb gd gḍ gdẓ gc gdz gdź
/ʱz ʱʐ ʱʑ/ gz gẓ gź
/ʱm ʱn ʱȵ ʱŋ ʱl ʱr ʱj/ gm gn gń gṇ gl gr gy
/ᵐb ⁿd ⁿɖ ⁿg ⁿdz ⁿdʑ ⁿɣ/ mb nd nḍ ng ndz ndź nġ
/ᵐpʰ ⁿtʰ ⁿʈʰ ⁿkʰ ⁿtsʰ ⁿtɕʰ ⁿxʰ ⁿsʰ ⁿɕʰ ⁿl̥/ mpʼ ntʼ nṭʼ nkʼ ntsʼ ntśʼ nċʼ nsʼ nśʼ nl
/ᵐg ᵐtsʰ/ mg mtsʼ
/ᵖt ᵖʈ ᵖʈʰ ᵖk ᵖts ᵖtsʰ ᵖtɕ/ pt pṭ pṭʼ pc pts ptsʼ ptś
/ᶲt ᶲʈ ᶲtɕ ᶲs ᶲl̥/ vt vṭ vs vlʼ
/ʷɖ ʷg ʷdʑ ʷʐ ʷn ʷl/ vḍ vg vdź vd vn vl
/ˀm ˀn ˀj/ mʼ nʼ yʼ
/a ɑ ɛ ɔ e ɵ ə o i ʉ ɯ u/ a ạ ɛ ɔ e ə̣ ə o ı ᵼ̣ ᵼ u
Length is marked with an acute and nasalisation is marked with a ṅ in a minor syllable following the main one, except in open syllables where it is marked as a simple postvocalic ṅ. Tones are left unmarked because there is zero minimal pairs between them.
/pʰ p b tʰ t d ʈʰ ʈ ɖ c ɟ kʰ k g ʔ/ <ph p b th t d khr kr gr ?? ?? kh k g '~t>
/tsʰ ts dz tɕʰ tɕ dʑ/ <tsh ts dz khy ky gy>
/ɸ β sʰ s z ʂʰ ʂ ʐ ɕʰ ɕ ʑ xʰ x ɣ h ɦ/ <f v sh s z shr sr zr shy sy zy xh x gh h rh>
/m̥ m n̥ n ȵ̊ ȵ ŋ̊ ŋ/ <sm m sn n sny ny sng ng>
/l̥ l r j w/ <hl l r y w>
/ʰp ʰt ʰʈ ʰc ʰk ʰts ʰtɕ/ <sp...>
/ʰsʰ ʰs ʰɕʰ ʰɕ ʰx ʰl̥/ <gsh...>
/ʱb ʱd ʱɖ ʱɟ ʱg ʱdz ʱdʑ/ <gb...>
/ʱz ʱʐ ʱʑ/ <gz gzr gzy>
/ʱm ʱn ʱȵ ʱŋ ʱl ʱr ʱj/ <gm...>
/ᵐb ⁿd ⁿɖ ⁿg ⁿdz ⁿdʑ ⁿɣ/ <mb...>
/ᵐpʰ ⁿtʰ ⁿʈʰ ⁿkʰ ⁿtsʰ ⁿtɕʰ ⁿxʰ ⁿsʰ ⁿɕʰ ⁿl̥/ <mph...>
/ᵐg ᵐtsʰ/ <mg mtsh>
/ᵖt ᵖʈ ᵖʈʰ ᵖk ᵖts ᵖtsʰ ᵖtɕ/ <pt pkr pkhr pk py phy pty>
/ᶲt ᶲʈ ᶲtɕ ᶲs ᶲl̥/ <ft ftr fky fs fl>
/ʷɖ ʷg ʷdʑ ʷʐ ʷn ʷl/ <bdr bg bgy br bn bl>
/ˀm ˀn ˀj/ <tm tn ty>
/a ɑ ɛ ɔ e ɵ ə o i ʉ ɯ u/ <a aa ae ao ei oe e o i ui eu u>
¯ɕʰi kә ˆpʰә ro ´lәwʔ ʰpɯ `ᶲsɯ ⁿkʰor ´me ʑɑ̃ tɕu ɦo `ᵖtsʰә ʱdʑәʔ ´ʱdʑiː bo ¯ʰtɕiː ˆtɕʰә ɣi ´ɖuː ⁿɕʰɑ̃ ´miː sʰiː ¯ⁿtsʰɯwʔ ʱdʑәʔ ¯ʰʈeː lʉ ɦөʔ ¯ʰsʰә Shyi ke phe ro lewt speu fseu nkhor mei ziaan kyu rho phye ggyet ggyis bo skyis khye ghi drus nshyaan mis shis ntsheuwt ggyet streis lui rhoet gshe.