Lexember 2014

[Šọ̈́gala]

Lexember day 14

ñá'ụ [ˈɲɑʔṵ] AN (rectus)
ñá'ạ [ˈɲɑʔɑ̰] AR (construct)
-ñá'- [ɲɑʔ] AN (combining)

noun: water, a river

[cenysor]

Lexember day 14

Paróša means "advent" in the Gutish language. It is derived from the greek word παρουσία.

Šíma daga j paróša dŕďo.
Шимо дого й порóшо дрьдьо.
[ˈʃǐːmo ˈdogo j̩ poˈrǒʃo dr̩ʲˈdʲo]
today be.IND.PRS.3.SG advent.NOM.SG third.NOM.SG.F
Today is the third advent.

[Haloed Bane]

Lexember 14th:

glenmei = household (from glen = home and mei = family)

Kral mith glenmei nui jarpam furra nimbema.
Kral mith glen-mei nui jarpam furra nimbem-a.
INTENS each home-family PST suffer due_to conquer_NMZ.
‘Every single household suffered due to the conquest.’

[Šọ̈́gala]

Lexember day 14

nũʻíž [nʊ̃ˈʔḭʒ] NS (rectus)
nũʻíž [nʊ̃ˈʔḭʒ] NA (construct)
-nũʻíž- [nũʔḭʒ] NS (combining)

noun: grass, an area (ranging from a bit larger than what a person could cross in a few seconds to a space of a few miles)

[Haloed Bane]

Lexember 15th:

shushkan = texture
muisesi = amphictyony (in this setting specifically meaning an alliance of neighborly states without regard to species)

Tiotui tran muisesi oin Zeburajans nanantum kolu ja tuk chiana nu Karhalaun nui nauchem dian Makjunsath.

Tiotui tran muis-sesi oin Zeburaja-ns n<an>antum kolu ja tuk chiana nu Karhalaun nui nauchem dian Makjun-sath.
Negotiation for neighborhood-alliance with Zeburaja-PL <INTR>destroy time in which army of Karhalaun PST descend from Gush-nothing.

"Negotiations of an amphictyony with the Zeburajas collapsed when Karhalaun's army descended from the Gushing Waste."

[Šọ̈́gala]

Lexember day 15:

While watching Eraserhead today, I got to thinking it might be nice to have a word for chicken. After giving it more thought however, I decided that the following might be more appropriate:

žụ̃žáv [ʒʊ̰̃ˈʒɑv] (NA)
žụ̃žávu [ʒʊ̰̃ˈʒɑv], žụ̃žávw- (NA)
-žžav- [ʒːɑv] (A)

noun: pheasant, monal, medium-to-large wild game bird, particularly phasianins such as Catreus, Ithaginis, and especially Lophophorus

[Haloed Bane]

Lexember 16th:

grelbem = befit, be appropriate
karmin = tumult, turmoil

Ena karminshichi grelbem glidia.
Ena karmin-shichi grelbem glidia.
PROX tumult-period befit people.
These tumultuous times befit the people.

[Šọ̈́gala]

Lexember day 16

váʻạ [ˈvɑʔɑ̰] (AN)
váʻ [vɑʔ] (AN)
-vaʻạ- [ˈvɑʔɑ̰] (AN)

noun: clan, kin-based social grouping generally

váʻạtu [ˈvɑʔɑ̰tu] (ANR)
vaʻạ́turu [vəˈʔɑ̰tʊru] (ANRR)
-vaʻạtu- [vɑʔɑ̰tu] (ANR)

noun: amphictyony, traditional, long-standing cooperative arrangement between clans, especially for non-military purposes (derived from váʻạ "clan" plus the cran-affix -ttu)

[CatDoom]

Wow, I got way behind. I've gotten a bit bogged down working on Yewedu verbs, so here's something completely different: an as-of-yet unnamed conlang inspired by Dravidian and the languages of Australia. It's got monosyllabic roots, and I've been using PIE as an inspiration in churning out some vocabulary:

Lexember 11: earth

aḷ- [aɭ] - "earth, dirt"

kaṛ- [kaɻ] - "rock, stone"

ṭaŋ- [ʈaŋ] - "valley, hollow"

ṭar- [ʈaɾ] - "mountain"

pīn- [piːn̪] - "dust"

t̠īn̠- [tiːn] - "be dirty"


Lexember 12: fire

ā- [aː] - "be warm, hot"

tīv- [t̪iːʋ] - "burn (intransitive)"

ṭa- [ʈa] - "extinguish (a flame)"

ŋi- [ŋi] - "fire"

t̠ā- [taː] - "melt (intransitive)"


Lexember 13: water

aŋ- [aŋ] - "ice"

tīṇ- [t̪iːɳ] - "river"

ṭiŋ- [ʈiŋ] - "rain, be overcast"

nīŋ- [n̪iŋ] - "snow"

paŋ- [paŋ] - "be wet, damp"

pūñ- [puːɲ] - "sea foam"

ṛū- [ɻuː] - "dew, moisture"

ū- [uː] - "rain (noun)"

vāp- [ʋaːp] - "sea, ocean"

vuḷ- [ʋuɭ-] - "water"


Lexember 14: the sky

āḷ- [aːɭ] - "sun"

ñav- [ɲaʋ] - "cloud"

t̠an̠- [tan] - "thunder (verb), be loud"


Lexember 15: mammals

car- [caɾ] - "horn"

cav- [caʋ] - "rabbit"

cuj- [cuj] - "(wild) horse"

cūn̠- [cuːn] - "dog"

ip- [ip] - "fox"

jan̠- [jan] - "wolf"

kac- [kac] - "polecat, weasel"

tit- [t̪it̪] - "(wild) goat"

t̠at̠- [tat] - "otter"

ṭi- [ʈi] - "mouse"

ṭū- [ʈuː] - "aurochs"

ṇūr- [ɳuːɾ] - "(land) animal"

tūṛ- [t̪uːɻ] - "(wild) pig"


Lexember 16: birds

aṛ- [aɻ] - "crow"

jap- [jap] - "bird"

can̠- [can] - "goose"

ni- [n̪i] - "duck"

ŋar- [ŋaɾ] - "crane"

t̠ar- [taɾ] - "heron"

uṛ- [uɻ] - "eagle"


Lexember 17: bugs

kaṭ- [kaʈ] - "crab"

maṇ- [maɳ] - "ant"

ṇi- [ɳi] - "worm"

ral̠- [ɾal] - "flea"

rik- [ɾik] - "louse"

[Haloed Bane]

Lexember 17th:

Sarrima nu paiduin = spring equinox (lit. Northstand)
Laima nu daimian = summer solstice (lit. Southfall)
Sarrima nu daimian = fall equinox (lit. Southstand)
Laima nu paiduin = winter solstice (lit. Northfall)

Flaur tran tuk vune flam ja sarrima nu paiduin jum.
Flaur tran tuk vune flam ja sarrim-a nu paiduin jum.
Reason for REL year begin at stand-NMZ of north exist.
'There is a reason the year begins in the spring equinox.’

Context: The reason is political, the spring equinox being a major festival for certain groups that held sway when the official calendar in question was established.

[Šọ̈́gala]

Lexember day 17

jámaš [ˈd͡ʒɑməʃ] AR
dámaš [ˈdɑməʃ] NR
-jam- [d͡ʒɑm] A

noun: valley, low area near hills

[Haloed Bane]

Lexember 18th,

Input: ankonshener
Output: gerdonshener
(shener is a monad of some sort.)

Gerdonshener gornim main vuth ankonshener he fenda nu sachaichir.
Gerdon-shen-er gorni-m main vuth ankon-shen-er he fenda nu sachai-chir.
Flesh-one-NMZ base-VBZ on all food-one-NMZ and characteristic of process-AGT.
‘Output depends both on input and the character of the processor.’

[Arzena]

My Lexember contributions for the 18th are a collection of names I've been cooking up for the past few days:

Cuori names and their reflexes in Ardinorian. Some background: Cuori is the Greek to Ardinorian's Latin - the language of philosophy, literature, science, civilization - and names from the former gradually spread through the latter.

Cuori names often refer to nature or to aspects of god (the common "ai" affix). Men's names tend to end in -ai, -s, or a consonant. The most common ending for female names is -ē. Most male names can be turned into female names by replacing the final -Vs with -ē. Female equivalents of male names that ended in the element -ai substituted the suffix -ri, e.g., Thōri, Thazeri, Zarkhōri. Pronunciation notes: <x> is /x/; Ch clusters in Cuori are aspirated stops; in Ardinorian, they correspond to fricatives; macrons show long vowels; everything else is IPA

Men:
Aiakuō ‘I hear god’ > Aecuo, Aeacos, Aecos
Aibuas ‘god is love’ > Evoas, Aevos
Aithazō ‘I give to god’ > Esas
Ruxadōras/Rudōras ‘giver of spirit’ > Rudoras, Ruduor
Thazeai/Thaziai ‘god gives’ > Tazias
Thōai ‘voice of god’ > Toas
Thōrodōras ‘giver of dreams’ > Sorodras, Sordras
Xaphāes ‘savior’ > Khavas
Xāsar ‘pine’ > Khazor
Xathades ‘giver’ > Khazdes
Zarkhōai ‘strength of god’ > Sarkhoas

Women:
Aiakuē > Aecue, Aeace
Aibuē > Evoe, Aeve
Izēla 'mint'
Mizari 'god gives birth'
Ruxabīre/Rubīre ‘the spirit is my justification’ or ‘the spirit is my vengeance’ > Rubire, Lubire
Thazeri > Tazeri
Thōri > Tori
Thōrodōrē > Sorodre
Umiri > 'god heals'
Zarkhōri > Sarkhori
Zeme 'winter'

[Šọ̈́gala]

Lexember day 18

ṕúlu [ˈpʰulu] NN
ṕulú [pʊˈlu] NA, ṕúluw- [ˈpʰulʊw] NN
-ṕulu- [pʰulu] NA

noun: an outcrop esp. on a hillside, an adventitious event, a disaster or serious misfortune

[Cedh]

I didn't have much time to create words in the last week, so I need to catch up a bit. I bought lots of spices though and used them for some tasty cooking, so here are some culinary terms for Buruya Nzaysa, covering Lexember 11th to 18th. As is typical for this semantic domain, especially in a culture whose economy relies on trade quite a lot, many of these words are loans from other languages. (Note the following notation convention: < represents genetic descent, ← represents a borrowing.)

Lexember 11th: Spices
- xalu (n.) ‘black pepper’ ← Fáralo hadlu ‘spicy’
- xiso (n.) ‘coriander’ ← Vylessa *hísso < Proto-Peninsular *sikçu ‘spice, herb’
- wəsku (n.) ‘turmeric, curcuma’ ← Merneha *wərəziku < Proto-Peninsular *huarn-sikçu ‘red spice’
- ŋkura (n.) ‘cloves’ ← Fáralo ŋura
- tulsu (n.) ‘cinnamon’ ← Adāta thulus ← Xšali t’uluš
- naga (n.) ‘cardamom’ ← Adāta naga ← Xšali naga
- gamu (n.) ‘cumin’ ← Adāta gamun ← Xšali gamun
- bɔsalɔ (n.) ‘ginger’ < Ndak Ta bâpu sadlo ‘rich-tasting root’

Lexember 12th: Fungi
- tsɔxevo (n.) ‘mushroom, fungus (in general)’ < Ndak Ta tsâukibu ‘soft one’ (cf. Naidda cå’evo, which has the same source)
- xɛrɔ (n.) ‘a type of mushroom’ ← Kibülʌiṅ hero’ < Proto-Peninsular *fasut

Lexember 13th: Vegetables
- yastɛ (n.) ‘pumpkin, gourd’ ← Naidda vyastë ← Miwan vijaste
- ñitsɔrə (n.) ‘sweet potato’ ← Forest Hitatc ñičoṭə
- ɔvɔdɛ (n.) ‘beetroot’ ← Naidda *åvwëjë < Ndak Ta apwi ntse ‘blood fruit’
- sɔntu (n.) ‘carrot’ ← Gezoro *zɔmathub < Proto-Western *dzama-tʰuba ‘red root’

Lexember 14th: Other kinds of food
- nigiwo (n.) ‘rice’ ← Merneha *nirəgiwə < Proto-Peninsular *niha-kifm ‘water-grain’
- sɔda (n.) ‘flatbread, tortilla’ ← Naidda saodwa ← Miwan saχudwa
- yuləh (n.) ‘cheese’ ← Gezoro jubleg
- sanzáta (n.) ‘pork’ (sa ‘meat’ + nzata ‘pig’ ← Adāta zathan)
- rima (n.) ‘a type of meal consisting of stir-fried meat and vegetables’ ← Meshi rima

Lexember 15th: Cooking tools
- rimavo (n.) ‘pan, wok’ (rima + -vo: ‘rima-thing’)
- bagɛbo (n.) ‘cooking spoon, ladle (used mainly for stirring)’ ← Fáralo eboágebu ‘pusher’
- sawabo (n.) ‘spoon, scoop (used mainly for lifting things)’ < Ndak Ta sâpambu ‘lifter’

Lexember 16th: Cooking techniques
- uflava (v.) ‘fry’ ← Miwan uplāf
- nəlga (v.) ‘stir’ (not really a new word, but a new meaning for an existing word which can also mean ‘turn, rotate, spin’ < Ndak Ta nelgan ‘twist’)

Lexember 17th: Other culinary terms
- ñiku (n.) ‘crisp, well-roasted (of food)’ ← Fáralo jiəku
- aldo (n.) ‘slice’ < Ndak Ta alendu ‘that which has been divided’

Lexember 18th: Other new words coined while translating the sample text
- rɛlga (n.) ‘warm, hot’ ← Fáralo relga
- mvosta (n.) ‘color’ < Ndak Ta mbod ta (‘color’ + DYNAMIC)
- ñesova (n.) ‘amber’ ← Naidda jezova ← Miwan djēzuf


Instead of a single example sentence for each word, I give you a short text which contains many of the above words. It's a recipe from Buruya, found in one of the oldest known cookbooks which dates to the early 5th century YP:

Ogu rɛ stɔwa ɔ tola salɔvo u rima mɛsi kwɛ’a, nodɔwa xa nzɛː
So’ɔwa nzo namə sanzáta ɔdɛ, so’ɔwa ño lo oba xagala mvɔ nanɔ, o so’ɔwa ni ɔ rimavo rɛlga kwə dəbu kusə’a uflava ñire rɛ ta nzɔ ɔ mvosta ñesova nzɛwə. Ɔdɔ’ɔwa owa lu rimavo sañawe o mvonóra. Puysa’ɔwa ntɛga wa dəbu tɛfta o so’ɔwa skɛga ɔ wɛna aldo uflava: ɔ bapsɛ o saxə o sɔntu o yastɛ o ñitsɔrə kwe. Pɔ’ɔwa mɔra, ni oma gastɔwa ɔ xɛrɔ pewada. So’ɔwa ɛxɛ ntɛ u ɔ’i o xalu o wəsku o xiso kwə mvɔwa mvosalɔ. Oldɔwa mɔla rɛ puysa’ɔwa lu tola ntɛ u bagɛbo xat leda nəlga. Rabɛ rɛ ɔdɔwah lo wɛna ɔ nzɔnə, so’ɔwa bu lu sudusa ni lu rimavo ñawe, so’ɔwa bu nəlga, o so’ɔwa ɔ tulsu on ɔ kwe nabaña u bɔsalɔ tɛfta. Stɔwa nzo kepəña kwə u sɔda ga nigiwo mɛsu tul.

Ogu rɛ stɔwa ɔ tola salɔvo u rima mɛsi kwɛ’a,
so_as_to.3 SUB.ACC EMPH.AUX-2SG>3 INDEF.ACC meal delicious of.3 Rima Meshi prepare
In order to make a delicious meal of Meshi-style Rima,

nodɔwa xa nzɛː
INT.AUX-2SG>3 this.ACC do
you need to do this:

So’ɔwa nzo namə sanzáta ɔdɛ,
NULL.AUX-2SG>3 TOP.ACC some pork_meat take
You take some pork meat,

so’ɔwa ño lo oba xagala mvɔ nanɔ,
NULL.AUX-2SG>3 as.3 INDEF.NOM many portion small cut
you cut it into small pieces,

o so’ɔwa ni ɔ rimavo rɛlga kwə dəbu kusə’a uflava
and NULL.AUX-2SG>3 in.3 INDEF.ACC pan hot with.3 oil olive fry
and you fry it in a hot pan with olive oil

ñire rɛ ta nzɔ ɔ mvosta ñesova nzɛwə.
until.3 SUB.ACC INC.AUX-3SG>3 TOP.NOM INDEF.ACC color amber receive
until it starts to take on an amber-like color.

Ɔdɔ’ɔwa owa lu rimavo sañawe o mvonóra.
RES.AUX-2SG>3 from.3 DEF.ACC pan retrieve and CAUS-leave_temporarily
Then you remove it from the pan and put it aside.

Puysa’ɔwa ntɛga wa dəbu tɛfta o so’ɔwa skɛga ɔ wɛna aldo uflava:
CONT.AUX-2SG>3 then few oil join and NULL.AUX-2SG>3 likewise INDEF.ACC vegetable slice fry
Next, you add a little more oil and fry some sliced vegetables:

ɔ bapsɛ o saxə o sɔntu o yastɛ o ñitsɔrə kwe.
INDEF.ACC onion and garlic and carrot and gourd and sweet_potato with.3
onions, garlic, carrots, gourd, and sweet potato.

Pɔ’ɔwa mɔra, ni oma gastɔwa ɔ xɛrɔ pewada.
COND.AUX-2SG>3 select if/then also PERM.AUX-2SG>3 INDEF.ACC Xɛrɔ use
If you like, you can also use some Xɛrɔ mushrooms.

So’ɔwa ɛxɛ ntɛ u ɔ’i o xalu o wəsku o xiso kwə mvɔwa mvosalɔ.
NULL.AUX-2SG>3 everything by.3 INDEF.NOM salt and pepper and turmeric and coriander with.3 sufficiently CAUS-be_delicious
You season everything nicely with salt, pepper, turmeric and coriander.

Oldɔwa mɔla rɛ puysa’ɔwa lu tola ntɛ u bagɛbo xat leda nəlga.
OBL.AUX-2SG>3 take_care SUB.ACC CONT.AUX-2SG>3 DEF.ACC food by.3 INDEF.NOM spoon wood completely turn.
Take care to keep stirring the food with a wooden spoon.

Rabɛ rɛ ɔdɔwah lo wɛna ɔ nzɔnə,
during.3 SUB.ACC RES.COP-3PL DEF.NOM vegetable INDEF.ACC good
When the vegetables are ready,

so’ɔwa bu lu sudusa ni lu rimavo ñawe,
NULL.AUX-2SG>3 again DEF.ACC meat in.3 DEF.ACC pan put
you put the meat back into the pan,

so’ɔwa bu nəlga,
NULL.AUX-2SG>3 again turn
you stir again,

o so’ɔwa ɔ tulsu on ɔ kwe nabaña u bɔsalɔ tɛfta.
and NULL.AUX-2SG>3 INDEF.ACC cinnamon and INDEF.ACC piece tiny of.3 ginger join
and you add some cinnamon and a little bit of ginger.

stɔwa nzo kepəña kwə u sɔda ga nigiwo mɛsu tul.
EMPH.AUX-2SG>3 TOP.ACC spicy_food with.3 INDEF.NOM flatbread or rice near.3 eat
You can eat this spicy meal with flatbread or rice.


(Disclaimer: I haven't actually tried out this dish, so I can't guarantee it tastes as good as I imagine it...)

[Haloed Bane]

Lexember 19th,

ninfaglar = method or technique (a bit silly, since ninfa means 'manner' or 'way' and -glar is an abstraction suffix, but IMO a technique is more concrete than a manner/way).
justi nu sachai = underway, in motion, in progress (can be glossed as 'within a process')

Nas puninfaglar rum chugla, genri nu puns jum justi nu sachai.
Nas pu-ninfa-glar rum chugla, genri nu puns jum jus-ti nu sachai.
If 1sg-manner-ABS have correctness, victory of 1pl exist inside-place of process.
'If my method is correct, our victory is underway.'

[Šọ̈́gala]

Lexember day 19

núyo [ˈnujo̝] AR (rectus)
ñáyo [ˈɲɑjo̝] AR (construct)
-ga- [gɑ] AR (combining)

noun: silence

[Haloed Bane]

Lexember 20th,

purses = plushie (small and huggable likenesses of famous beings, including politicians)
main kukeX = in addition to X, on top of X (the saying is culinary in origin, I reckon)

Main kukepursentis, tan nui sham vuth halzukins romi.
Main kuke-purse<nti>s, tan nui sham vuth halzu-kins.
On freshness-plushie<PL>, 3sg PST buy all window-PL also.
‘On top of the plushies, she bought all the windows as well.’

[Šọ̈́gala]

Lexember day 20

t́árĩ [ˈtʰɑrĩ] AN (infinitive)
t́ári-ň- [ˈtʰɑri ŋ] AN (aorist, perfective)
çíri-ň- [ˈt͡siri ŋ] NN (irrealis)
t́íri- [ˈtʰiri] NN (potential)

eventive verb: to harm, to injure, to damage, to steal from, to rape (usage note: if used with animates as both patient and agent, typically means "steal from" or "rape". The latter sense tends to be regarded as mildly euphemistic.)

[Haloed Bane]

Lexember 21st,

brirvan = (money) fund
ulpabrirvan = subsidy

Uperjenatans brirvanam hiach prianparhuintis, fenas uns doch habotum aul rum violchiana, vlarham lidelnisai.
Uperjenat-a-ns brirvan-am hiach prian-parhui<nti>s, fenas uns doch habo<tu>m aul rum viol-chiana pai vlarham lidel-nisai.
Uperjenath-DEM-PL fund-VBZ various weapon-project<PL>, but 3pl NEG allow<PASS> COMP have self-army and handle ancient.time-magic.

‘The Uperjenathi fund various military projects, but they are not allowed to have their own army or wield the old magic.’

*DEM = demonym

[Šọ̈́gala]

Lexember day 21

two words today:

váʻụ́ [ˌvɑˈʔṵ] RN (rectus)
vaʻụ́ [vəˈʔṵ] RN (construct)
vaʻụ [vəʔṵ] RN,-vʻụ- [vʔṵ] N (combining)

noun: bark (of a tree)

bžági [ˈbʒɑgi] AN (rectus)
bžágir [ˈbʒɑgɨr] AN (construct)
bžagi- [bʒɑgi] AN, -žžagi- [ʒːɑgi] AN (combining)

noun: yellow-throated marten, more generally a small-to-medium-sized mustelid (weasel, polecat, etc.)

The latter is a word that I've had a vague idea of the meaning of for a while, but I've given it a more precise definition. It is notable for the exceptional phonotactics of its complex onset, perhaps indicating a recent loan word.

[Haloed Bane]

Lexember 22nd,

larangeshpem = intervene [transitive] (derived from geshpem = interrupt)

Kolu ja tuk lash larangeshpem, elu mabem banche.
Kolu ja tuk lash laran-gesphem, elu mabem banche.
Time at REL 2sg softness-interrupt, case become mess.
‘When you intervene, things get messy.’

[Šọ̈́gala]

sáz [sɑz] (infinitve)
sáz- [sɑz] (aorist)
síz- [siz] (perfective)
házi- [ˈhɑzi] (irrealis)
sízu- [ˈsizu] (potential)

eventive verb: to flow (as a river or as liquid poured from a container)

[Šọ̈́gala]

Lexember day 23

ñážaȟ [ˈɲɑʒəχ] AN (rectus)
nážaȟ [ˈnɑʒəχ] NN (construct)
-naža- [nɑʒɑ] NN (combining)

noun: bone (typically intact, part of a more-or-less intact animal body)

[Haloed Bane]

Running around like a headless chicken, so here's yesterday's for now (Lex. 23rd):

seijemei = colonnade
tergonflaucha = acronym

U tredui, puns vas rechim tergonflauchans kui seijemei.
U tredui, puns vas rechim tergon-flaucha-ns kui seije-mei.
In past, 1pl IMPERF study compress-name-PL under column-family.
‘In the past we used to study acronyms under the colonnade.’

EDIT:
And here's today's:
Lexember 24th,

elar = memory
elaram = memorize

Elaram elu, aram aria.
Elar-am elu, aram aria.
memory-VBZ case, attract effect.
‘Memorize the situation and attract the effect.’ [i.e. If you study the situation properly then it will turn out the way you want it to].