Substantial postings about constructed languages and constructed worlds in general. Good place to mention your own or evaluate someone else's. Put quick questions in C&C Quickies instead.
tezcatlip0ca wrote:Nasals: [m n] m n
Stops: [p b t̪ d̪ k g] p b t d k g
Fricatives: [f v s z ʃ ʒ] f v s z sh j
Affricates: [ts dz tʃ dʒ] tz dz tj dj
Approximants: [j] y
Trills: [r] r
Laterals: [l] l
Vowels: [i u e o æ ɒ] i u e o ae a
Just un-Englishing it a bit.
I think that was the most elegant solution.
Adjective Recoil wrote:
Nortaneous wrote:
Phonotactics are (C)(K)V(K)(C) where K = any consonant except a stop. Stress is uniformly on the first syllable.
So are ttsenl, yrafr, tsdzify, and zhsashl all allowed syllables?
They are, although /ttʃ/ would be interpreted as /tʃ/.
Aren't affricates also stops?
2+3 clusivity wrote:Qwynegold and Sangi39, those are both cool transcriptions.
Qyoxhʊ́'m Pst, tone bars go after the whole syllable.
/i y ɯ u/
<i y ɯ u>
/ɪ ʏ ɯ̽ ʊ/
<ɩ ɨ ʉ ʊ>
/ə ɵ/
<ǝ ɵ>
/ɛ ɔ/
<e o>
/a ɒ/
<a ɒ>
/iə yɵ ɯə uɵ/
<ie yo ɯe uo>
/eɪ eɯ̽ øʏ øʊ ɤɪ ɤɯ̽ oʏ oʊ/
<ei eɯ ey eu oi oɯ oy ou>
/əɪ əɯ̽ ɵʏ ɵʊ/
<ǝi ǝɯ ɵy ɵu>
/a˥˨ a˨ a˥/
<a aƨ aȝ>
/a̰˥˩ a̰˨˩ a̰˥˦/
<a' a'(C)ƨ a'(C)ȝ>
/a̤˦˩ a̤˩ a̤˦/
<aʰ aʰ(C)ƨ aʰ(C)ȝ>
' is also used for marking that an intervocalic consonant belongs to coda and not onset.
/a aː aːː/
<a á ā>
Added to the second letter of a diphthong.
/n ŋ/
<n m>
/t k ʔ/
<t k q>
/s x h/
<s x h>
/ɾ/
<r>
/p pʷ pʲ pʷʲ t tp tʲ t̠ t̠p t̠ʲ k kʷ kʲ kp/ + prenasalized or postnasalized
/m mʷ mʲ mʷʲ n nm n̠ n̠m n̠ʲ ŋ ŋʷ ŋʲ ŋm/
/s/
/β βʲ ɣ/
/w l lʷ lʲ j jʷ/
/æ a ɑ ɛ ə ɔ e o i ɨ u ã ɑ̃ ɛ̃ ə̃ ɔ̃ ĩ ũ/ + length
jɛsu pita u pãː pɛː lɔː, u ŋɔmɔ kɔ̃ː ji kɛː wɔ. pita u mpʷʲe pʲɑː mpiː tət̠ə mot̠u, apə, ŋmɨtet̠pn̠minɔ mu t̠pɨ. jɛsu ŋə koː pũː kəː ji jo, wɔt̠ɔ̃ː ji mpiː ŋə a kuwɔ ŋə, ji pʲopu mə ɣəːt̠ɨ wo, jɛsu ka nte mə jɑ̃ŋɔ. t̠in̠i ɣi n̠ĩː ŋə ntumɔkʷɔt̠ɔ t̠in̠i ɣi ji jo, pi kŋɨ jɔ̃ː jɛsuka mpiː pʲu jilɨ n̪uwɔ ŋopu, nĩː t̠e jɛ̃ ji kpŋməma t̠n̠ʲɛ kʷɔ, u kwɔ, mʲɛ n̪uwɔ̃ tumɔ. jɛsu ji kpŋməna kŋɨ je mpʷɔlɔ, u ŋʷɔ ŋmĩː kalə toː, mpiː pʲu jintomu mʲɛ pʲi tɔː.
/p pʷ pʲ pʷʲ t tp tʲ t̠ t̠p t̠ʲ k kʷ kʲ kp/ <p pu pi piu t tp ti d dp di k qu ki kp>
/m mʷ mʲ mʷʲ n nm n̠ n̠m n̠ʲ ŋ ŋʷ ŋʲ ŋm/ <m mu mi miu nh nhm n nm ni g gu gi gm>
/s/ <s>
/β βʲ ɣ/ <v vi r>
/w l lʷ lʲ j jʷ/ <w l lu li y yu>
/æ a ɑ ɛ ə ɔ e o i ɨ u ã ɑ̃ ɛ̃ ə̃ ɔ̃ ĩ ũ/ <ä a aa e ë o ee oo i ü u an aan en ën on in un> + acute on first vowel for length, umlaut > circumflex
pre/postnasalized consonants written with <m> when labial and <n> otherwise, nasalization is ñ before stops
palatalization <y> before <i> and rounding <w> before <u>
jɛsu pita u pãː pɛː lɔː, u ŋɔmɔ kɔ̃ː ji kɛː wɔ. pita u mpʷʲe pʲɑː mpiː tət̠ə mot̠u, apə, ŋmɨtet̠pn̠minɔ mu t̠pɨ. jɛsu ŋə koː pũː kəː ji jo, wɔt̠ɔ̃ː ji mpiː ŋə a kuwɔ ŋə, ji pʲopu mə ɣəːt̠ɨ wo, jɛsu ka nte mə jɑ̃ŋɔ. t̠in̠i ɣi n̠ĩː ŋə ntumɔkʷɔt̠ɔ t̠in̠i ɣi ji jo, pi kŋɨ jɔ̃ː jɛsuka mpiː pʲu jilɨ n̪uwɔ ŋopu, nĩː t̠e jɛ̃ ji kpŋməma t̠n̠ʲɛ kʷɔ, u kwɔ, mʲɛ n̪uwɔ̃ tumɔ. jɛsu ji kpŋməna kŋɨ je mpʷɔlɔ, u ŋʷɔ ŋmĩː kalə toː, mpiː pʲu jintomu mʲɛ pʲi tɔː.
Yesu Pita u pán pé ló, u gomo kón yi ké wo. Pita u mpiuee piáa mpíi tëdë moodu, apë, gmütedmino mu dpü. Yesu gë kó pún kê yi yo, wodón yi mpí gë a kuwo gë, yi pioopu më rêdü wo, etc etc i'm tired
/p pʷ pʲ pʷʲ t tp tʲ t̠ t̠p t̠ʲ k kʷ kʲ kp/ <p pw pj py t tp tj ṭ ṭp ṭj k kw kj kp>
Prenasalized <b bw bj by d db dj ḍ ḍb ḍj g gw gj gb>
Postnasalized <pm pmw pmj pmy tn tpm tnj ṭn ṭpm ṭṇj kṅ kṅw kṅj kpm>
/m mʷ mʲ mʷʲ n nm n̠ n̠m n̠ʲ ŋ ŋʷ ŋʲ ŋm/ <m mw mj my n nm ṇ ṇm nj ṅ ṅw ṅj ṅm>
/s/ <s>
/β βʲ ɣ/ <v vj r>
/w l lʷ lʲ j jʷ/ <w l lw lj j y>
/æ a ɑ ɛ ə ɔ e o i ɨ u ã ɑ̃ ɛ̃ ə̃ ɔ̃ ĩ ũ/ <ä a à e ë o é ó i ï u ą ą̀ ę ǫ į ų> length = doubling
jɛsu pita u pãː pɛː lɔː, u ŋɔmɔ kɔ̃ː ji kɛː wɔ. pita u mpʷʲe pʲɑː mpiː tət̠ə mot̠u, apə, ŋmɨtet̠pn̠minɔ mu t̠pɨ. jɛsu ŋə koː pũː kəː ji jo, wɔt̠ɔ̃ː ji mpiː ŋə a kuwɔ ŋə, ji pʲopu mə ɣəːt̠ɨ wo, jɛsu ka nte mə jɑ̃ŋɔ. t̠in̠i ɣi n̠ĩː ŋə ntumɔkʷɔt̠ɔ t̠in̠i ɣi ji jo, pi kŋɨ jɔ̃ː jɛsuka mpiː pʲu jilɨ n̪uwɔ ŋopu, nĩː t̠e jɛ̃ ji kpŋməma t̠n̠ʲɛ kʷɔ, u kwɔ, mʲɛ n̪uwɔ̃ tumɔ. jɛsu ji kpŋməna kŋɨ je mpʷɔlɔ, u ŋʷɔ ŋmĩː kalə toː, mpiː pʲu jintomu mʲɛ pʲi tɔː.
Jesu pita u pąą pee loo, u ṅomo kǫǫ ji kee wo. Pita u byé pjàà bii tëṭë móṭu, apë, ṅmïtéṭpmino mu t̠pï. Jesu ṅë kóó pųų këë ji jó, woṭǫǫ ji bii ṅë a kuwo ṅë, ji pjópu më rëëṭï wó, jesu ka dé më ją̀ṅo. Ṭiṇi ri ṇįį ṅë dumokwoṭo ṭiṇi ri ji jó, pi kṅï jǫǫ jesuka bii pju jilï ṇuwo ṅópu, nįį ṭe jęę ji kpmëma ṭṇje kwo, u kwo, mje ṇuwǫ tumo. Jesu ji kpmëna kṅï je bwolo, u ṅwo ṅmįį kalë tóó, bii pju jintómu mje pji too.
You can tell the same lie a thousand times,
But it never gets any more true,
So close your eyes once more and once more believe
That they all still believe in you.
Just one time.
/p pʷ pʲ pʷʲ t tp tʲ t̠ t̠p t̠ʲ k kʷ kʲ kp/ <p pw pj pwj t tp tj r rp rj k kw kj kp> -- <nt> for prenasalized stop is <ñt> word-medially
/m mʷ mʲ mʷʲ n nm n̠ n̠m n̠ʲ ŋ ŋʷ ŋʲ ŋm/ <m mw mj mwj n nm ñ ñm ñj g gw gj gm>
/s/ <s>
/β βʲ ɣ/ <v vj x>
/w l lʷ lʲ j jʷ/ <w l lw lj j jw>
/æ a ɑ ɛ ə ɔ e o i ɨ u ã ɑ̃ ɛ̃ ə̃ ɔ̃ ĩ ũ/ <ae a ay e y o ei ou i iy u an ayn en yn on in un> + <h> length
Jesu Pita u panh peh loh, u gomo konh ji keh wo. Pita u mpwjei pjah mpih tyry mouru, apy, gmiyteirmiño mu rpiy. Jesu gy kouh punh kyh ji jou, woronh ji mpih gy a kuro gy, ji pjoupu my xyhriy wou, Jesu ka ntei my jango. Riñi xi ñinh gy ntumokworo riñi xi ji jou, pi kgiy jonh Jesuka mpih pju jiliy nuwo goupu, ñinh rei jen ji kmyma rñje kwo, mje nuwon tumo. Jesu ki kmyña kgiy jei mpwolo, u gwo gminh kaly touh, mpih pju jiñtoumu mje pji toh.
/p pʷ pʲ pʷʲ t tp tʲ t̠ t̠p t̠ʲ k kʷ kʲ kp/ <p pw pj py t tp tj tr~rt* tpr~rtp* trj~rtj* k kw kj kp>
Prenasalized <b bw bj by d db dj dr~rb* dbr~rdb* drj~rdj* g gw gj gb>
Postnasalized <pm pmw pmj pmy tn tpm tnj tnr~rtn* tpmr~rtpm* tnrj~rtnj* kg kgw kgj kpm>
/m mʷ mʲ mʷʲ n nm n̠ n̠m n̠ʲ ŋ ŋʷ ŋʲ ŋm/ <m mw mj my n nm nr~rn* nmr~rnm* nj ng ngw ngj ngm>
/s/ <s>
/β βʲ ɣ/ <v vj r>
/w l lʷ lʲ j jʷ/ <w l lw lj j y>
*initial vs. intervocalic
/æ a ɑ ɛ ə ɔ e o i ɨ u ã ɑ̃ ɛ̃ ə̃ ɔ̃ ĩ ũ/ <ä a à e ë o é ó i ï u an~ñ* àn~ñ* en~ñ* on~ñ* in~ñ* un~ñ*> length = doubling
*<ñ> before nasals and <g>
jɛsu pita u pãː pɛː lɔː, u ŋɔmɔ kɔ̃ː ji kɛː wɔ. pita u mpʷʲe pʲɑː mpiː tət̠ə mot̠u, apə, ŋmɨtet̠pn̠minɔ mu t̠pɨ. jɛsu ŋə koː pũː kəː ji jo, wɔt̠ɔ̃ː ji mpiː ŋə a kuwɔ ŋə, ji pʲopu mə ɣəːt̠ɨ wo, jɛsu ka nte mə jɑ̃ŋɔ. t̠in̠i ɣi n̠ĩː ŋə ntumɔkʷɔt̠ɔ t̠in̠i ɣi ji jo, pi kŋɨ jɔ̃ː jɛsuka mpiː pʲu jilɨ n̪uwɔ ŋopu, nĩː t̠e jɛ̃ ji kpŋməma t̠n̠ʲɛ kʷɔ, u kwɔ, mʲɛ n̪uwɔ̃ tumɔ. jɛsu ji kpŋməna kŋɨ je mpʷɔlɔ, u ŋʷɔ ŋmĩː kalə toː, mpiː pʲu jintomu mʲɛ pʲi tɔː.
Jesu pita u paan pee loo, u ngomo koon ji kee wo. Pita u byé pjàà bii tërtë mórtu, apë, ngmïrtértpmino mu tprï. Jesu ngë kóó puun këë ji jó, wortoon ji bii ngë a kuwo ngë, ji pjópu më rëërtï wó, jesu ka dé më jàñngo. Trirni ri nriin ngë dumokworto trirni ri ji jó, pi kgï joon jesuka bii pju jilï nruwo ngópu, niin tre jeen ji kpmëma tnrje kwo, u kwo, mje nruwon tumo. Jesu ji kpmëna kgï je bwolo, u ngwo ngmiin kalë tóó, bii pju jintómu mje pji too.
You can tell the same lie a thousand times,
But it never gets any more true,
So close your eyes once more and once more believe
That they all still believe in you.
Just one time.
/m n̪ n nʲ/ <m n ņ nj>
/p t̪ ts tsʲ k q qʷ/ <p t ț tj k q qu>
/ʋ ʋʲ/ <v vj>
/s̪ s sʲ x X Xʷ/ <s ș sj h x xu>
/ɬ̪ ɬ ɬʲ/ <g ģ gj>
/r̪ r rʲ/ <r ŗ rj>
/l̪ l lʲ j/ <l ļ lj j>
/i ʉ u/ <i ü u>
/e o/ <e o>
/a ɒ/ <ä a>
Dwarvish:
/m n/ <m n>
/p b t̪ d̪ k g/ <p b t d k g>
/f v s z ʃ ʒ/ <f v s z sc zc>
/ts dz tʃ dʒ/ <ts dz tc dc>
/j r l/ <j r l>
Still on Yeli Dnye, I had initially thought about representing /tp nm t̠p n̠m/ etc. as if they were just labialised leaving just /kp ŋm/. I discarded the idea, but now I'd like to see how it goes using the two orthographies I already presented, since it might make the less diacritic-heavy version less messy:
/p pʷ pʲ pʷʲ t tp tʲ t̠ t̠p t̠ʲ k kʷ kʲ kp/ <p pw pj py t tw tj ṭ ṭw ṭj k kw kj kp>
Prenasalized <b bw bj by d dw dj ḍ ḍw ḍj g gw gj gb>
Postnasalized <pm pmw pmj pmy tn tnw tnj ṭṇ ṭṇw ṭṇj kṅ kṅw kṅj km>
/m mʷ mʲ mʷʲ n nm n̠ n̠m n̠ʲ ŋ ŋʷ ŋʲ ŋm/ <m mw mj my n nw ṇ ṇw nj ṅ ṅw ṅj ṅm>
/s/ <s>
/β βʲ ɣ/ <v vj r>
/w l lʷ lʲ j jʷ/ <w l lw lj j y>
/æ a ɑ ɛ ə ɔ e o i ɨ u ã ɑ̃ ɛ̃ ə̃ ɔ̃ ĩ ũ/ <ä a à e ë o é ó i ï u ą ą̀ ę ǫ į ų> length = doubling
jɛsu pita u pãː pɛː lɔː, u ŋɔmɔ kɔ̃ː ji kɛː wɔ. pita u mpʷʲe pʲɑː mpiː tət̠ə mot̠u, apə, ŋmɨtet̠pn̠minɔ mu t̠pɨ. jɛsu ŋə koː pũː kəː ji jo, wɔt̠ɔ̃ː ji mpiː ŋə a kuwɔ ŋə, ji pʲopu mə ɣəːt̠ɨ wo, jɛsu ka nte mə jɑ̃ŋɔ. t̠in̠i ɣi n̠ĩː ŋə ntumɔkʷɔt̠ɔ t̠in̠i ɣi ji jo, pi kŋɨ jɔ̃ː jɛsuka mpiː pʲu jilɨ n̪uwɔ ŋopu, nĩː t̠e jɛ̃ ji kpŋməma t̠n̠ʲɛ kʷɔ, u kwɔ, mʲɛ n̪uwɔ̃ tumɔ. jɛsu ji kpŋməna kŋɨ je mpʷɔlɔ, u ŋʷɔ ŋmĩː kalə toː, mpiː pʲu jintomu mʲɛ pʲi tɔː.
Jesu pita u pąą pee loo, u ṅomo kǫǫ ji kee wo. Pita u byé pjàà bii tëṭë móṭu, apë, ṅmïtéṭnwino mu ṭwï. Jesu ṅë kóó pųų këë ji jó, woṭǫǫ ji bii ṅë a kuwo ṅë, ji pjópu më rëëṭï wó, jesu ka dé më ją̀ṅo. Ṭiṇi ri ṇįį ṅë dumokwoṭo ṭiṇi ri ji jó, pi kṅï jǫǫ jesuka bii pju jilï ṇuwo ṅópu, nįį ṭe jęę ji kmëma ṭṇje kwo, u kwo, mje ṇuwǫ tumo. Jesu ji kmëna kṅï je bwolo, u ṅwo ṅmįį kalë tóó, bii pju jintómu mje pji too.
OR
/p pʷ pʲ pʷʲ t tp tʲ t̠ t̠p t̠ʲ k kʷ kʲ kp/ <p pw pj py t tw tj tr~rt* trw~rtw* trj~rtj* k kw kj kp>
Prenasalized <b bw bj by d db dj dr~rb* drw~rdw* drj~rdj* g gw gj gb>
Postnasalized <pm pmw pmj pmy tn tnw tnj tnr~rtn* tnrw~rtnw* tnrj~rtnj* kg kgw kgj km>
/m mʷ mʲ mʷʲ n nm n̠ n̠m n̠ʲ ŋ ŋʷ ŋʲ ŋm/ <m mw mj my n nw nr~rn* nrw~rnw* nj ng ngw ngj nm>
/s/ <s>
/β βʲ ɣ/ <v vj r>
/w l lʷ lʲ j jʷ/ <w l lw lj j y>
*initial vs. intervocalic
/æ a ɑ ɛ ə ɔ e o i ɨ u ã ɑ̃ ɛ̃ ə̃ ɔ̃ ĩ ũ/ <ä a à e ë o é ó i ï u an~ñ* àn~ñ* en~ñ* on~ñ* in~ñ* un~ñ*> length = doubling
*<ñ> before nasals and <g>
jɛsu pita u pãː pɛː lɔː, u ŋɔmɔ kɔ̃ː ji kɛː wɔ. pita u mpʷʲe pʲɑː mpiː tət̠ə mot̠u, apə, ŋmɨtet̠pn̠minɔ mu t̠pɨ. jɛsu ŋə koː pũː kəː ji jo, wɔt̠ɔ̃ː ji mpiː ŋə a kuwɔ ŋə, ji pʲopu mə ɣəːt̠ɨ wo, jɛsu ka nte mə jɑ̃ŋɔ. t̠in̠i ɣi n̠ĩː ŋə ntumɔkʷɔt̠ɔ t̠in̠i ɣi ji jo, pi kŋɨ jɔ̃ː jɛsuka mpiː pʲu jilɨ n̪uwɔ ŋopu, nĩː t̠e jɛ̃ ji kpŋməma t̠n̠ʲɛ kʷɔ, u kwɔ, mʲɛ n̪uwɔ̃ tumɔ. jɛsu ji kpŋməna kŋɨ je mpʷɔlɔ, u ŋʷɔ ŋmĩː kalə toː, mpiː pʲu jintomu mʲɛ pʲi tɔː.
Jesu pita u paan pee loo, u ngomo koon ji kee wo. Pita u byé pjàà bii tërtë mórtu, apë, nmïrtértnwino mu trwï. Jesu ngë kóó puun këë ji jó, wortoon ji bii ngë a kuwo ngë, ji pjópu më rëërtï wó, jesu ka dé më jàñngo. Trirni ri nriin ngë dumokworto trirni ri ji jó, pi kgï joon jesuka bii pju jilï nruwo ngópu, niin tre jeen ji kmëma tnrje kwo, u kwo, mje nruwon tumo. Jesu ji kmëna kgï je bwolo, u ngwo ngmiin kalë tóó, bii pju jintómu mje pji too.
Last edited by sangi39 on Tue May 14, 2013 8:36 am, edited 1 time in total.
You can tell the same lie a thousand times,
But it never gets any more true,
So close your eyes once more and once more believe
That they all still believe in you.
Just one time.
/pʰ t̪ʰ tsʰ tɬʰ ʈʂʰ kʰ qʰ/
/b d̪ d dɮ ɟ/
/pʼ t̪ʼ tsʼ tɬʼ ʈʂʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ ʔ/
/m n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ/
/r̪ ɾ ɽ j w h/
/ɑ ɛ e ɜ o (ɪ) ɵ i y u/ + nasality
Geminated /ɽ/ is realized as [ɖː]. Aspirates and voiced plosives are in free variation with voiceless and voiced fricatives. Vowel harmony: ɛ e y u alternate with ɜ i ɵ o, and ɑ i are neutral in the dialect I'm using here, but other dialects preserve ɪ in the first class, alternating with i. Some exceptions exist due to recent loanwords and breaking of syllabic nasals into nasal vowels. I'll write it in the transcription if you feel like including it. /ɑ e o u/ and sometimes /i/ may be realized as longer than /ɛ ɜ ɵ y/ and /ɪ/ in dialects that preserve it.
Ejectives are more common than aspirated or voiced stops.
/pʰ t̪ʰ tsʰ tɬʰ ʈʂʰ cʰ kʰ qʰ/ <f ṣ s ś š ṡ x ẋ>
/b d̪ d dɮ ɟ/ <b ḍ d ź ž>
/pʼ t̪ʼ tsʼ tɬʼ ʈʂʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ ʔ/ <p ṭ t ć č c k ḳ ’>
/m n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ <m ṇ n ň ń g>
/r̪ ɾ ɽ j w h/ <ṛ r ř j w h>
/ɑ ɛ e ɜ o (ɪ) ɵ i y u/ <a e ä ë o (ï) ö i ü u>
+ nasality = ogonek
/pʰ t̪ʰ tsʰ tɬʰ ʈʂʰ cʰ kʰ qʰ/ <ф ҫ с л ш хь х хъ>
/b d̪ d dɮ ɟ g/ <б ҙ з ђ ж ґ>
/pʼ t̪ʼ tsʼ tɬʼ ʈʂʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ ʔ/ <п т ц ћ ч кь к къ Ӏ>
/m n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ <м ӊ н нъ нь ҥ>
/r̪ ɾ ɽ j w h/ <ҏ р д й в г>
/ɑ ɛ e ɜ o (ɪ) ɵ i y u/ <а ӓ е э o (и) ӧ і ӱ у>
You can tell the same lie a thousand times,
But it never gets any more true,
So close your eyes once more and once more believe
That they all still believe in you.
Just one time.
/pʰ t̪ʰ tsʰ tɬʰ ʈʂʰ cʰ kʰ qʰ/ f s ł š ś k x
/b d̪ d dɮ ɟ/ b d z λ j
/pʼ t̪ʼ tsʼ tɬʼ ʈʂʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ ʔ/ p t c ƛ č ć g q ˀ
/m n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ m ņ n ň ń ŋ
/r̪ ɾ ɽ j w h/ l r ř y w h
/ɑ ɛ e ɜ o (ɪ) ɵ i y u/ + nasality a ae e ai o (ei) oi i u, nasality is ogonek
/pʰ t̪ʰ tsʰ tɬʰ ʈʂʰ cʰ kʰ qʰ/ <ф ҭ с ӆ ш хь х хъ>
/b d̪ d dɮ ɟ g/ <б д з л ж г>
/pʼ t̪ʼ tsʼ tɬʼ ʈʂʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ ʔ/ <п т ц ԓ ч кь к къ ӏ>
/m n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ <м ӊ н нъ нь ӈ>
/r̪ ɾ ɽ j w h/ <р рь ръ й ў h>
/ɑ ɛ e ɜ o (ɪ) ɵ i y u/ <а э е ы о (ӗ) ө и ү у> + н
/pʰ t̪ʰ tsʰ tɬʰ ʈʂʰ cʰ kʰ qʰ/ <f ṡ s ŀ š ẋ x x̌>
/b d̪ d dɮ ɟ g/ <b d z l j g>
/pʼ t̪ʼ tsʼ tɬʼ ʈʂʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ ʔ/ <p t c ł č ċ k q ʔ>
/m n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ <м ӊ н нъ нь ӈ> <m ṅ n ň ñ ŋ>
/r̪ ɾ ɽ j w h/ <р рь ръ й ў h> <r ṙ ż j w h>
/ɑ ɛ e ɜ o (ɪ) ɵ i y u/ <a ă e y o ĕ ö i ü u>
/pʰ t̪ʰ tsʰ tɬʰ ʈʂʰ cʰ kʰ qʰ/ <f s’ s l’ š x’ x x̌>
/b d̪ d dɮ ɟ g/ <b d d’ l j g>
/pʼ t̪ʼ tsʼ tɬʼ ʈʂʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ ʔ/ <p t c ł č k’ k q ʔ>
/m n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ <м ӊ н нъ нь ӈ> <m ṅ n ň n’ ŋ>
/r̪ ɾ ɽ j w h/ <р рь ръ й ў h> <r z r’ j w h>
/ɑ ɛ e ɜ o (ɪ) ɵ i y u/ <a ă e y o ĕ ö i ü u>
/pʲ pʷ fʲ fʷ/ <пь п фь ф>
/tʲ tˠ tʃ~tɕ ç θ/ <ть т ч хь ç>
/c k x/ <кь к х>
/ɕ ʃ/ <шь ш>
/ɾʲ ɾˠ ɾ~v˞ / <рь ҏ р>
/nʲ ŋ n~ṽ/ <нь ҥ н>
/lʲ ɫ j ɰ/ <ль л й г>
/v w~ɥ ʝ~dʲ/ <в ў ж>
/i y ɯ u e ø ɤ o æ ɶ ɔ ɑ a/ <и уь ы у е оь еъ о ӕ аь оъ аъ а>
/v: v˥ v˩/ <VV acute grave> although in practice tone would be unwritten
/pʲ pʷ fʲ fʷ/ <пь п фь ф>
/tʲ tˠ tʃ~tɕ ç θ/ <ть т ч хь ç>
/c k x/ <кь к х>
/ɕ ʃ/ <шь ш>
/ɾʲ ɾˠ ɾ~v˞ / <рь ҏ р>
/nʲ ŋ n~ṽ/ <нь ҥ н>
/lʲ ɫ j ɰ/ <ль л й г>
/v w~ɥ ʝ~dʲ/ <в ў ж>
/i y ɯ u e ø ɤ o æ ɶ ɔ ɑ a/ <и ү ы у е ө ӹ о ә ӫ ӧ ӓ а>
/v: v˥ v˩/ <VV acute grave> although in practice tone would be unwritten
/pʲ pʷ fʲ fʷ/ <p b f wh>
/tʲ tˠ tʃ~tɕ ç θ/ <t d c ch th>
/c k x/ <ḱ k x>
/ɕ ʃ/ <ś s>
/ɾʲ ɾˠ ɾ~v˞ / <ŕ rr r>
/nʲ ŋ n~ṽ/ <ä ng n>
/lʲ ɫ j ɰ/ <l ł y g>
/v w~ɥ ʝ~dʲ/ <v w j>
/i y ɯ u e ø ɤ o æ ɶ ɔ ɑ a/ <i ü ï u e ö ë o ä ô å â a>
/v: v˥ v˩/ <VV acute grave>
/pʲ pʷ fʲ fʷ/ <p b f ŵ>
/tʲ tˠ tʃ~tɕ ç θ/ <t d č c s>
/c k x/ <ć k h>
/ɕ ʃ/ <ś š>
/ɾʲ ɾˠ ɾ~v˞ / <ŕ r r>
/nʲ ŋ n~ṽ/ <ń ņ n>
/lʲ ɫ j ɰ/ <ĺ l j y>
/v w~ɥ ʝ~dʲ/ <v w ǵ>
/i y ɯ u e ø ɤ o æ ɶ ɔ ɑ a/ <i ü ï u e ö ë o ä ọ̈ ọ ạ a>
/v: v˥ v˩/ <VV acute/acute-umlaut grave/grave-umlaut>
You can tell the same lie a thousand times,
But it never gets any more true,
So close your eyes once more and once more believe
That they all still believe in you.
Just one time.
/pʲ pʷ fʲ fʷ/ p p f f
/tʲ tˠ tʃ~tɕ ç θ/ t t th th
/c k ç x/ c c ç ç
/ɕ ʃ/ s s
/ɾʲ ɾˠ ɾ~v˞ / r r b
/nʲ ŋ n~ṽ/ n n m
/lʲ ɫ j ɰ/ l l y y
/v w~ɥ ʝ~dʲ/ v v d
Palatalization is marked as Ci before rounded vowels, and velarization/labialization is marked as Cu before unrounded vowels.
/i y ɯ u e ø ɤ o æ ɶ ɑ ɔ a/ i ui iu u e oe eo ai oi ao oa a
/v: v˥ v˩ v:˥ v:˩/ ȧ á à â ǎ
Nasal vowels are marked as Vn and rhotic vowels as Vr.
pʲ pʷ fʲ fʷ/ <p p̊ f f̊>
/tʲ tˠ tʃ~tɕ ç θ/ <t t̊ c x̧ ḩ>
/c k ç x/ <ţ c̊ x̧ x> [is the second /ç/ different?]
/ɕ ʃ/ <ş s>
/ɾʲ ɾˠ ɾ~v˞ / <r g r̊>
/nʲ ŋ n~ṽ/ <n g̊ n̊>
/lʲ ɫ j ɰ/ <l l̊ y w>
/v w~ɥ ʝ~dʲ/ <v ẙ j>
/i y ɯ u e ø ɤ o æ ɶ ɑ ɔ a/, rounding harmony <i i̊ u ů e e̊ o o̊ æ æ̊ a å a> [The <a>s need to be distinguished, but I'm not sure how the latter one fits into the harmony system]
/v: v˥ v˩/ <VV hV Vh>
Yeli Dnye
/p pʷ pʲ pʷʲ t tp tʲ t̠ t̠p t̠ʲ k kʷ kʲ kp/ + prenasalized or postnasalized
<p pw py pÿ t tp ty ṭ ṭp ṭy k kw ky kp>
<mp mpw mpy mpÿ nt ntp nty ṇṭ ṇṭp ṇṭy ŋk ŋkw ŋky ŋkp>
<pm pmw pmy pmÿ tn tpm tny ṭṇ ṭpm ṭṇy kŋ kŋw kŋy kpm>
/m mʷ mʲ mʷʲ n nm n̠ n̠m n̠ʲ ŋ ŋʷ ŋʲ ŋm/
<m mw my mÿ n nm ṇ ṇm ṇy ŋ ŋw ŋy ŋm>
/β βʲ s ɣ/
<v vy s h>
/w l lʷ lʲ j jʷ/
<w l lw ly y ÿ>
/æ a ɑ ɛ ə ɔ e o i ɨ u ã ɑ̃ ɛ̃ ə̃ ɔ̃ ĩ ũ/ + length
<ä a ạ e ə o é ó i ị u ã ạ̃ ẽ ə̃ õ ĩ ũ> +doubled vowels
(Just guessing that this contains the names Jesus and Peter.)
Yesu Pita u pãã pee loo, u ŋomo kõõ yi kee wo. Pita u mpÿé pyạạ mpii təṭə móṭu, apə, ŋmịteṭpmino mu ṭpị. Yesu ŋə kóó pũũ kəə yi yó, woṭõõ yi mpii ŋə a kuwo ŋə, yi pyópu mə həəṭị wó, Yesu ka nté mə yạ̃ŋo. Ṭiṇi hi ṇĩĩ ŋə ntumokwoṭo ṭiṇi hi yi yó, pi kŋị yõõ Yesuka mpii pyu yilị nuwo ŋópu, nĩĩ ṭé yẽ yi kpməma ṭṇye kwo, u kwo, mye nuwõ tumo. Yesu yi kpməna kŋị yé mpwolo, u ŋwo ŋmĩĩ kalə tóó, mpii pyu yintómu mye pyi too.
Yeli Dnye
/p pʷ pʲ pʷʲ t tp tʲ t̠ t̠p t̠ʲ k kʷ kʲ kp/ + prenasalized or postnasalized
<p pw ṕ pẃ t tp j c cp ć k q ḱ kp>
<b bw bi bẃ nt tb nj d db di g gw ǵ gb>
<pͫ pͫw pḿ pͫẃ tn tpͫ tñ cņ cpͫ cñ kn qn ḱn kpͫ>
/m mʷ mʲ mʷʲ n nm n̠ n̠m n̠ʲ ŋ ŋʷ ŋʲ ŋm/
<m mw ḿ mẃ n nͫ ņ ņͫ ñ ng ngw nǵ ngͫ>
/β βʲ s ɣ/
<v vi s x>
/w l lʷ lʲ j jʷ/
<w l lw ĺ y* ẃ>
*<i> before /ɨ/.
/æ a ɑ ɛ ə ɔ e o i ɨ u ã ɑ̃ ɛ̃ ə̃ ɔ̃ ĩ ũ/ + length
<æ a ah e œ o é ó i y u ą ąh ę œn(') ǫ į ų>
<ǣ ā āh ē œh ō ḗ ṓ ī ȳ ū anh ānh ęh œnh ǭ įh ųh>
jɛsu pita u pãː pɛː lɔː, u ŋɔmɔ kɔ̃ː ji kɛː wɔ. pita u mpʷʲe pʲɑː mpiː tət̠ə mot̠u, apə, ŋmɨtet̠pn̠minɔ mu t̠pɨ. jɛsu ŋə koː pũː kəː ji jo, wɔt̠ɔ̃ː ji mpiː ŋə a kuwɔ ŋə, ji pʲopu mə ɣəːt̠ɨ wo, jɛsu ka nte mə jɑ̃ŋɔ. t̠in̠i ɣi n̠ĩː ŋə ntumɔkʷɔt̠ɔ t̠in̠i ɣi ji jo, pi kŋɨ jɔ̃ː jɛsuka mpiː pʲu jilɨ n̪uwɔ ŋopu, nĩː t̠e jɛ̃ ji kpŋməma t̠n̠ʲɛ kʷɔ, u kwɔ, mʲɛ n̪uwɔ̃ tumɔ. jɛsu ji kpŋməna kŋɨ je mpʷɔlɔ, u ŋʷɔ ŋmĩː kalə toː, mpiː pʲu jintomu mʲɛ pʲi tɔː. Yesu Pita u panh pē lō, u ngomo kǭ yi kē wo. Pita u bẃé ṕāh bī tœcœ mócu, apœ, ngͫytécpͫino mu cpy. Yesu ngœ kṓ pųh kœh yi yó, wocǭ yi bī ngœ a kuwo ngœ, yi ṕópu mœ xœhcy wó, Yesu ka nté mœ yąhngo. Ciņi xi ņįh ngœ ntumoqoco ciņi xi yi yó, pi kny yǭ Yesuka bī ṕu yily nuwo ngópu, nįh ce yę yi kpͫœma cñe qo, u qo, ḿe nuwǫ tumo. Yesu yi kpͫœna kny yé bwolo, u ngwo ngͫįh kalœ tṓ, bī ṕu yintómu ḿe ṕi tō.