Yes. Thinking about it, I'm not sure there actually is a breathy ð either, there are only three words with it and they are all pronouns.finlay wrote:þ would be θ and ð would be ð surely - typo?
Post your conlang's phonology
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Up to you - I would still say that there was, with reference to English, where virtually all words with /ð/ are function words, but you can still make a minimal pair (thigh-thy is an obvious one)
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
er, isn't that just initial /ð/?
Siöö jandeng raiglin zåbei tandiüłåd;
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Majiusgaru
Unaspirated oral stops: /p/ /t/ /k/ /ʔ/
Aspirated oral stops: /pʰ/ /tʰ/ /kʰ/
Ejective stops: /pʼ/ /tʼ/ /kʼ/
Nasal stops: /m/ /n/ /ŋ/
Unaspirated fricatives and affricates: /s/ /ɬ/ /tɬ/
Aspirated fricatives and affricates: /sʰ/ /ɬʰ/ /tɬʰ/ /h/
Ejective fricatives and affricates: /sʼ/ /ɬʼ/ /tɬʼ/
Trills and semivowels: /r/ /j/ /w/
Vowels: /a/ /e/ /i/ /o/ /u/
The coronals have the allophones [tʃ], [tʃʰ], [tʃʼ], [ʃ], [ʃʰ], [ʃʼ], and [ɲ] before /j/. /h/ has [x], [ç] and [ʍ].
Eshnam
Voiced oral stops and affricates: /b/ /d/ /dʒ/ /ɖ/ /g/
Voiceless oral stops and affricates: /p/ /t/ /tʃ/ /ʈ/ /k/ /kʷ/
Nasal stops: /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /ŋʷ/
Voiced fricatives: /β/ /z/ /ʒ/ /ʐ/
Voiceless fricatives: /ɸ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /ʂ/ /x/ /xʷ/ /h/
Approximants and trills: /j/ /w/ /r/
Vowels: /æ/ /ɒː/ /ã/ /e/ /eː/ /i/ /iː/ /o/ /oː/ /u/ /uː/ /ə/ /əː/
Unaspirated oral stops: /p/ /t/ /k/ /ʔ/
Aspirated oral stops: /pʰ/ /tʰ/ /kʰ/
Ejective stops: /pʼ/ /tʼ/ /kʼ/
Nasal stops: /m/ /n/ /ŋ/
Unaspirated fricatives and affricates: /s/ /ɬ/ /tɬ/
Aspirated fricatives and affricates: /sʰ/ /ɬʰ/ /tɬʰ/ /h/
Ejective fricatives and affricates: /sʼ/ /ɬʼ/ /tɬʼ/
Trills and semivowels: /r/ /j/ /w/
Vowels: /a/ /e/ /i/ /o/ /u/
The coronals have the allophones [tʃ], [tʃʰ], [tʃʼ], [ʃ], [ʃʰ], [ʃʼ], and [ɲ] before /j/. /h/ has [x], [ç] and [ʍ].
Eshnam
Voiced oral stops and affricates: /b/ /d/ /dʒ/ /ɖ/ /g/
Voiceless oral stops and affricates: /p/ /t/ /tʃ/ /ʈ/ /k/ /kʷ/
Nasal stops: /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /ŋʷ/
Voiced fricatives: /β/ /z/ /ʒ/ /ʐ/
Voiceless fricatives: /ɸ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /ʂ/ /x/ /xʷ/ /h/
Approximants and trills: /j/ /w/ /r/
Vowels: /æ/ /ɒː/ /ã/ /e/ /eː/ /i/ /iː/ /o/ /oː/ /u/ /uː/ /ə/ /əː/
- rickardspaghetti
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
My conlang Yāziže has this:
Vowels:
Oral: /a i u @ a: i: u:/ <a i u e ā ī ū>
Nasal: /a~ i~ u~ @~ a:~ i:~ u:~/ <ą į ų ę ą̄ į̄ ų̄>
Consonants:
Nasals: /m n/ <m n>
Plosives: /p b t d k g/ <p b t d k g>
Fricatives: /f v s z S Z h/ <f v s z š ž h>
Sonorants: /w r l j/ <w r l y>
Syllable Structure:
(C(C))V(C)
Some sample vocabulary:
kagi - bow
bā - claw, paw, predator, dad
hų̄ - bear
ka - branch, to hunt, to kill for food
vābi - basket
wįka - woman
yada - "hello", "good day"
nanu - "good bye"
pą̄ - mushroom
wįkpą̄ - bread
tąka - big, large
ādā - earth, ground, the world
šnima - horse
fū - thunder, anger, rage
ī - good, well, healthy
Vowels:
Oral: /a i u @ a: i: u:/ <a i u e ā ī ū>
Nasal: /a~ i~ u~ @~ a:~ i:~ u:~/ <ą į ų ę ą̄ į̄ ų̄>
Consonants:
Nasals: /m n/ <m n>
Plosives: /p b t d k g/ <p b t d k g>
Fricatives: /f v s z S Z h/ <f v s z š ž h>
Sonorants: /w r l j/ <w r l y>
Syllable Structure:
(C(C))V(C)
Some sample vocabulary:
kagi - bow
bā - claw, paw, predator, dad
hų̄ - bear
ka - branch, to hunt, to kill for food
vābi - basket
wįka - woman
yada - "hello", "good day"
nanu - "good bye"
pą̄ - mushroom
wįkpą̄ - bread
tąka - big, large
ādā - earth, ground, the world
šnima - horse
fū - thunder, anger, rage
ī - good, well, healthy
そうだ。死んでいる人も勃起することが出来る。
俺はその証だ。
俺はその証だ。
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
quite.Nortaneous wrote:er, isn't that just initial /ð/?
... bloody fuck i even thought of another couple of minimal pairs when i wrote that with the distinction in the coda. my mind is numb today, as usual.
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Yeah, but there are definitely langs with phonemes that only appear in a few words. Lakota(?) has only one word with a diphthong, Dahalo has only one word with /j/, Nias /v/ only appears as a result of initial consonant mutation, etc.
Siöö jandeng raiglin zåbei tandiüłåd;
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
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- Smeric
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
I thought about doing this for Athanic, but I couldn't think of a situation where a minimal phoneme would appear, instead of being shifted to another consonant.Nortaneous wrote:Yeah, but there are definitely langs with phonemes that only appear in a few words. Lakota(?) has only one word with a diphthong, Dahalo has only one word with /j/, Nias /v/ only appears as a result of initial consonant mutation, etc.
[bɹ̠ˤʷɪs.təɫ]
Nōn quālibet inīquā cupiditāte illectus hoc agō
Yo te pongo en tu lugar...
Taisc mach Daró
Nōn quālibet inīquā cupiditāte illectus hoc agō
Yo te pongo en tu lugar...
Taisc mach Daró
- rickardspaghetti
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
*thumbs up*Nortaneous wrote: Lakota(?) has only one word with a diphthong,
Háŋ. Hé wowíčakȟe.
そうだ。死んでいる人も勃起することが出来る。
俺はその証だ。
俺はその証だ。
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
You should have answered with Háu.rickardspaghetti wrote:Háŋ. Hé wowíčakȟe.
- rickardspaghetti
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
But that's just a greeting, not an answer.
そうだ。死んでいる人も勃起することが出来る。
俺はその証だ。
俺はその証だ。
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Do not be so sure, young Padawan. Háu is just the very formal male speech variant of háŋ, and you can use it in all the same ways.
EDIT: Like using hwo instead of he for the interrogative.
EDIT: Like using hwo instead of he for the interrogative.
- Nortaneous
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Borrowing for Lakota, voicing (among other things -- /b d/ turn to /ʙ dr/ in mutation environments, from earlier */mb nd/) for Nias, and... I'm not sure what happened with Dahalo.Bristel wrote:I thought about doing this for Athanic, but I couldn't think of a situation where a minimal phoneme would appear, instead of being shifted to another consonant.Nortaneous wrote:Yeah, but there are definitely langs with phonemes that only appear in a few words. Lakota(?) has only one word with a diphthong, Dahalo has only one word with /j/, Nias /v/ only appears as a result of initial consonant mutation, etc.
Siöö jandeng raiglin zåbei tandiüłåd;
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
- roninbodhisattva
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Little idea I just came up with:
/p b t d tɕ dʑ k g v s z x m n ȵ ŋ ɮ ɾ j w ʔ/
/i u e a ə/
/e/ only occurs in stressed syllables
CCV(C), with medial clusters of the following types:
- /mb nd ȵdʑ ŋg/
- /pp tt kk ss/
- /ʔm ʔn ʔȵ ʔŋ ʔɮ ʔɾ ʔj ʔw/ (realized as glottalized resonants, /ʔɮ ʔɾ/ > [l' r'])
Word finally, C may be /t k s m n ŋ ɾ w j/. The glides are limited to after /a ə/. Falls on the penultimate syllable, unless it contains /ə/, in which case it is placed on the antepenultimate syllable.
/p b t d tɕ dʑ k g v s z x m n ȵ ŋ ɮ ɾ j w ʔ/
/i u e a ə/
/e/ only occurs in stressed syllables
CCV(C), with medial clusters of the following types:
- /mb nd ȵdʑ ŋg/
- /pp tt kk ss/
- /ʔm ʔn ʔȵ ʔŋ ʔɮ ʔɾ ʔj ʔw/ (realized as glottalized resonants, /ʔɮ ʔɾ/ > [l' r'])
Word finally, C may be /t k s m n ŋ ɾ w j/. The glides are limited to after /a ə/. Falls on the penultimate syllable, unless it contains /ə/, in which case it is placed on the antepenultimate syllable.
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Sjal
Consonants
Nasals: /m n ŋ/ <m n ng>
Plosives: /p t d k/ <p t d k>
Fricatives: /v s ʃ h θ ð ɣ/ <v s sj h ŧ đ k>
Sonorants: /ɾ l w j/ <r l ų j/į>
Vowels
/a ɑ ɛ i o u ø y/ <a ḁ e i o u ö y>
Vowel Allophones
/ə ɪ ɔ ʊ ʏ/ <a e i o u y>
Samples
aųlittalle /ˈʔaʊ lɪtː ˌalː (ə)/ - they're going to the field
vaalani /ˈvaː la ˌnɪ/ - the groves
ḁhi /ˈɑ hi/ - air
soį /sɔj/ - here, general wide area
sarhaat /ˈsaɾ haːt/ - they wilt
eu /ˈʔɛʊ/ - son
elmi /ˈʔɛl mi/ - my son
ejan /ˈʔɛ jan/ - I give
aion /ˈaj ɔn/ - I don't give
ahitoimme /ˈa hi ˌtɔjmː (ə)/ - you and I were thinking about giving
Ṭaal
Consonants
Nasals: /m n ŋ ŋː/ <m n ng ngg>
Plosives: /p t k/ <p t k>
Ejectives: /pʼ tʼ kʼ/ <ṗ ṭ ḳ>
Fricatives: /v s h ð x ɣ/ <v s h d x g>
Sonorants: /ɾ l w j/ <r l w y>
Trill: /r/ <rr>
Vowels
/a ɛ i u ɑ̃ ɛ̃ ũ/ <a e i u ą ę ų>
Samples
uxṭu /ˈʔux tʼu/ - face
hemuulerrasų /hɛ ˈmuːl ɛr a ˌsũ/ - the clouds are clearing away
utteḳęta /utː ɛ ˈkʼɛ̃ ta/ - be happy!
xiil /xiːl/ - milk
seye /ˈsɛ jɛ/ - needle
seheye /sɛ ˈhɛ jɛ/ - needles
ṭulę /ˈtʼu lɛ̃/ - night
xeud /xɛwð/ - contents
pula /ˈpu la/ - jar
puvula xageummą /pu ˈvu la xa ˈɣɛʊmː ɑ̃/ - we're filling the jars
Consonants
Nasals: /m n ŋ/ <m n ng>
Plosives: /p t d k/ <p t d k>
Fricatives: /v s ʃ h θ ð ɣ/ <v s sj h ŧ đ k>
Sonorants: /ɾ l w j/ <r l ų j/į>
Vowels
/a ɑ ɛ i o u ø y/ <a ḁ e i o u ö y>
Vowel Allophones
/ə ɪ ɔ ʊ ʏ/ <a e i o u y>
Samples
aųlittalle /ˈʔaʊ lɪtː ˌalː (ə)/ - they're going to the field
vaalani /ˈvaː la ˌnɪ/ - the groves
ḁhi /ˈɑ hi/ - air
soį /sɔj/ - here, general wide area
sarhaat /ˈsaɾ haːt/ - they wilt
eu /ˈʔɛʊ/ - son
elmi /ˈʔɛl mi/ - my son
ejan /ˈʔɛ jan/ - I give
aion /ˈaj ɔn/ - I don't give
ahitoimme /ˈa hi ˌtɔjmː (ə)/ - you and I were thinking about giving
Ṭaal
Consonants
Nasals: /m n ŋ ŋː/ <m n ng ngg>
Plosives: /p t k/ <p t k>
Ejectives: /pʼ tʼ kʼ/ <ṗ ṭ ḳ>
Fricatives: /v s h ð x ɣ/ <v s h d x g>
Sonorants: /ɾ l w j/ <r l w y>
Trill: /r/ <rr>
Vowels
/a ɛ i u ɑ̃ ɛ̃ ũ/ <a e i u ą ę ų>
Samples
uxṭu /ˈʔux tʼu/ - face
hemuulerrasų /hɛ ˈmuːl ɛr a ˌsũ/ - the clouds are clearing away
utteḳęta /utː ɛ ˈkʼɛ̃ ta/ - be happy!
xiil /xiːl/ - milk
seye /ˈsɛ jɛ/ - needle
seheye /sɛ ˈhɛ jɛ/ - needles
ṭulę /ˈtʼu lɛ̃/ - night
xeud /xɛwð/ - contents
pula /ˈpu la/ - jar
puvula xageummą /pu ˈvu la xa ˈɣɛʊmː ɑ̃/ - we're filling the jars
taat laųengu kampan
leinenne kumo ruottio
auli śaa endis kelu
auli varru endis pąu
leinenne kumo ruottio
auli śaa endis kelu
auli varru endis pąu
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- Smeric
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Squalipsh: as it is currently, still working on it a lot, the name is temporary as well.
stop: /p p’ t t’ k k’ kʷ k’ʷ q qʷ q’ q’ʷ ʔ/ <p p’ t t’ k k’ kʷ kʷ’ q qʷ q’ qʷ’ ʔ>
fricative: /s ʃ ɬ xʷ χ χʷ h/ <s š ł xʷ ẋ ẋʷ h>
affricate: /t͡s’ t͡ɬ’ t͡ʃ’/ <ts’ tł’ tš’>
nasal: /m mˀ n nˀ/ <m ṁ n ṅ>
approx.: /l lˀ j jˀ w wˀ/ <l l’ y y’ w ẇ>
vowels: /a e i o u ə/ <a e i o u ă>
The phonotactics are fairly loose, but there is a restriction on resonants when next to obstruents... Not sure what the restrictions are yet.
Allophony will probably be POA stuff, and maybe things common to Salishan languages.
stop: /p p’ t t’ k k’ kʷ k’ʷ q qʷ q’ q’ʷ ʔ/ <p p’ t t’ k k’ kʷ kʷ’ q qʷ q’ qʷ’ ʔ>
fricative: /s ʃ ɬ xʷ χ χʷ h/ <s š ł xʷ ẋ ẋʷ h>
affricate: /t͡s’ t͡ɬ’ t͡ʃ’/ <ts’ tł’ tš’>
nasal: /m mˀ n nˀ/ <m ṁ n ṅ>
approx.: /l lˀ j jˀ w wˀ/ <l l’ y y’ w ẇ>
vowels: /a e i o u ə/ <a e i o u ă>
The phonotactics are fairly loose, but there is a restriction on resonants when next to obstruents... Not sure what the restrictions are yet.
Allophony will probably be POA stuff, and maybe things common to Salishan languages.
[bɹ̠ˤʷɪs.təɫ]
Nōn quālibet inīquā cupiditāte illectus hoc agō
Yo te pongo en tu lugar...
Taisc mach Daró
Nōn quālibet inīquā cupiditāte illectus hoc agō
Yo te pongo en tu lugar...
Taisc mach Daró
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
You're being inconsistent in your examples. You frequently transcribe the glottal stop as a phoneme at the beginning of words that start with the vowel, except for one, and you don't list the glottal stop as a phoneme in your inventory. Are there any minimal pairs between /a/ and /ɑ/? Also, as phonemic transcription always uses the easiest symbols available, I suggest you use /r/ for [ɾ], as it doesn't seem to contrast with other rhotics. Also note that the space usually denotes a new word, not a new syllable. That's what the full stop is for.Sjal wrote:Consonants
Nasals: /m n ŋ/ <m n ng>
Plosives: /p t d k/ <p t d k>
Fricatives: /v s ʃ h θ ð ɣ/ <v s sj h ŧ đ k>
Sonorants: /ɾ l w j/ <r l ų j/į>
Vowels
/a ɑ ɛ i o u ø y/ <a ḁ e i o u ö y>
Vowel Allophones
/ə ɪ ɔ ʊ ʏ/ <a e i o u y>
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Two works in progress:
Vóákó
Consonants
nasals: /m n/
coarticulated nasal: / ŋ͡m/
stops: / p b t d k/
coarticulated stops: / k͡p ɡ͡b /
fricatives: /ɸ s /
sonorants: /ʋ l j/
Vowels
/a e ɛ i u ɔ o/ with high, mid, or low contour tones
<a e ea i u oa o>
Syllable structure: CV
Sample words:
pene - speak
vóá - tongue, language
Agadi (a modern reflex of Akkadian)
stops: /p b t d k g/
emphatic ‘’: /tˤ /
nasals: /m n/
fricatives: / β f* s z ʃ ʒ* ɣ /
emphatic ‘’: /sˤ ʃ ˤ /
sonorants: / l j r*/
/a e i u o/
Syllable structure: CCVCC
*phonemes reintroduced from Arabic and Persian influence
Sample words:
debbu - speak
lišon - language
Vóákó
Consonants
nasals: /m n/
coarticulated nasal: / ŋ͡m/
stops: / p b t d k/
coarticulated stops: / k͡p ɡ͡b /
fricatives: /ɸ s /
sonorants: /ʋ l j/
Vowels
/a e ɛ i u ɔ o/ with high, mid, or low contour tones
<a e ea i u oa o>
Syllable structure: CV
Sample words:
pene - speak
vóá - tongue, language
Agadi (a modern reflex of Akkadian)
stops: /p b t d k g/
emphatic ‘’: /tˤ /
nasals: /m n/
fricatives: / β f* s z ʃ ʒ* ɣ /
emphatic ‘’: /sˤ ʃ ˤ /
sonorants: / l j r*/
/a e i u o/
Syllable structure: CCVCC
*phonemes reintroduced from Arabic and Persian influence
Sample words:
debbu - speak
lišon - language
A New Yorker wrote:Isn't it sort of a relief to talk about the English Premier League instead of the sad state of publishing?
Shtåså, Empotle7á, Neire WippwoAbi wrote:At this point it seems pretty apparent that PIE was simply an ancient esperanto gone awry.
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Thanks for the explanation about /ɾ/. I'm just a hobbyist so if there are weird mistakes, that's why. I don't understand though why I wouldn't transcribe the glottal stop. It's not phonemic with minimal pairs but it's an important part of pronunciation, like /k/ voicing to /ɣ/ and the vowel allophones. Some vowel-initial words have a glottal stop and some don't, sometimes due to initial consonants being lost, and it's not reflected in the spelling. I've been told a hundred different things about what to put between //s so I'm confused about it.Guitarplayer wrote:You're being inconsistent in your examples. You frequently transcribe the glottal stop as a phoneme at the beginning of words that start with the vowel, except for one, and you don't list the glottal stop as a phoneme in your inventory. Are there any minimal pairs between /a/ and /ɑ/? Also, as phonemic transcription always uses the easiest symbols available, I suggest you use /r/ for [ɾ], as it doesn't seem to contrast with other rhotics. Also note that the space usually denotes a new word, not a new syllable. That's what the full stop is for.Sjal wrote:Consonants
Nasals: /m n ŋ/ <m n ng>
Plosives: /p t d k/ <p t d k>
Fricatives: /v s ʃ h θ ð ɣ/ <v s sj h ŧ đ k>
Sonorants: /ɾ l w j/ <r l ų j/į>
Vowels
/a ɑ ɛ i o u ø y/ <a ḁ e i o u ö y>
Vowel Allophones
/ə ɪ ɔ ʊ ʏ/ <a e i o u y>
There are minimal pairs between a/ɑ. It often comes from what used to be front and back ä/a vowel harmony along with ö/o y/u but plain old /a/ started encroaching more leaving /ɑ/ in specific environments.
Thanks for your help with the // notation.
taat laųengu kampan
leinenne kumo ruottio
auli śaa endis kelu
auli varru endis pąu
leinenne kumo ruottio
auli śaa endis kelu
auli varru endis pąu
- roninbodhisattva
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
This is a contradiction if I'm understanding it right. If some vowel-initial words have a glottal stop and some don't, then those are minimal pairs and there is a phonemic contrast. However, this is under the assumption that the "sometimes due to initial consonants being lost" is referring to a diachronic process, and not a synchronic one (i.e. a process like /#Ca/ > [#a] but /ʔa/ > [ʔa]). Actually, either way, glottal stop is still phonemic, since it contrasts with initial consonants. But it's only a phoneme word initially, it doesn't contrast elsewhere.It's not phonemic with minimal pairs...Some vowel-initial words have a glottal stop and some don't, sometimes due to initial consonants being lost, and it's not reflected in the spelling.
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
I think it's just me not being very clear in explaining Sorry for being a bit dense here.roninbodhisattva wrote:This is a contradiction if I'm understanding it right. If some vowel-initial words have a glottal stop and some don't, then those are minimal pairs and there is a phonemic contrast. However, this is under the assumption that the "sometimes due to initial consonants being lost" is referring to a diachronic process, and not a synchronic one (i.e. a process like /#Ca/ > [#a] but /ʔa/ > [ʔa]). Actually, either way, glottal stop is still phonemic, since it contrasts with initial consonants. But it's only a phoneme word initially, it doesn't contrast elsewhere.It's not phonemic with minimal pairs...Some vowel-initial words have a glottal stop and some don't, sometimes due to initial consonants being lost, and it's not reflected in the spelling.
There are no minimal pairs with glottal stops like there are with /a/ versus /A/. A word like /"?Ej va/ 'sky' doesn't have a contrasting /"Ej va/ that means something else.
I mean to say the glottal stop is a part of the pronunciation of a word. I originally thought of spelling them with initial ħ to show that they often come from an initial voiceless consonant like /x/ that shifted into a glottal stop. But I thought it might be confusing since I've not seen a language where a consonant is used to spell a glottal stop.
So this is probably a noob question then, but am I only supposed to put truly distinguishing sounds between //? I've been putting things like allophones in there even though it's a matter of normal versus careful speech. I suppose I'm not sure what the standard of narrowness is for // versus []. I used [] once and had people jump down my throat so I just don't use brackets at all now
taat laųengu kampan
leinenne kumo ruottio
auli śaa endis kelu
auli varru endis pąu
leinenne kumo ruottio
auli śaa endis kelu
auli varru endis pąu
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
// are for sounds that are distinguished, exactly. If it's an allophone or a matter of careful pronunciation, you must use []. If in doubt, I'd use []. Just think of why you're showing the sound.
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- Lebom
- Posts: 198
- Joined: Sat Apr 10, 2010 5:51 pm
- Location: Marye Ketu, Paleta Giradai 10056
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
The Ladasa Language -- Xa Łádasy Icita
Plosives: /p t k b d g/ <p t k b d g>
Affricates: /ts tʃ/ <z c>
Fricatives: /s ʃ/ <s x>
Sonorants: /m n r l ɫ/ <m n r l ł>
Vowels: /a a: e e: i o o: u ɨ/ <a e é i o ó u y>
The long and short vowels are often realized as [ɛ ɔ] and [ej ow].
Syllables are (C)V(C), but no more than one vowel or consonant is allowed in a row: édic, ribal, ada, but not diesa, zaumka, etc.
Though up to 2 of either are allowed consecutively in foreign words, as are /j w/ <j w> and /z dz ʒ dʒ f v θ ð χ ʁ ʔ/ <ṡ ż ẋ ċ ṗ ḅ ṭ ḍ ḳ ġ h>.
This is kinda simple right now, so I think I'll add some more in the future, maybe a bit of allophony.
Plosives: /p t k b d g/ <p t k b d g>
Affricates: /ts tʃ/ <z c>
Fricatives: /s ʃ/ <s x>
Sonorants: /m n r l ɫ/ <m n r l ł>
Vowels: /a a: e e: i o o: u ɨ/ <a e é i o ó u y>
The long and short vowels are often realized as [ɛ ɔ] and [ej ow].
Syllables are (C)V(C), but no more than one vowel or consonant is allowed in a row: édic, ribal, ada, but not diesa, zaumka, etc.
Though up to 2 of either are allowed consecutively in foreign words, as are /j w/ <j w> and /z dz ʒ dʒ f v θ ð χ ʁ ʔ/ <ṡ ż ẋ ċ ṗ ḅ ṭ ḍ ḳ ġ h>.
This is kinda simple right now, so I think I'll add some more in the future, maybe a bit of allophony.
- roninbodhisattva
- Avisaru
- Posts: 568
- Joined: Sun Mar 05, 2006 11:50 pm
- Location: California
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
This is a phonology I'm really excited about. I've been trying to get something for a while that is akin to North American phonologies, but isn't massively complicated. I got it by playing around in Awkwords. It's not completely nailed down yet, I might be adding one or two phonemes or switching some out. We'll see, I'd really like some feedback.
Consonants (in orthography)-
The stop kw is /kʷ/, r is /ɾ/, and y is /j/. The nasals /ŋ ɴ/ are marginal phonemes in nasal + stop clusters involving /k kʷ q/; they are represented by n orthographically. Other than those, the rest of the orthography is the same as the IPA.
Vowels (in orthography)-
The vowels are usually equivalent to their IPA vowels, though a is father back than IPA /a/. The vowel e varies between [e] when stressed and [ɛ] when unstressed. The doubled vowels represent long versions of ii uu aa = /i: u: a:/.
Words may begin in zero or one consonants, and any consonant may occur initially. Between vowels are there limited number of clusters: nasal + stop or /s/, /s/ + stop and /h/ + stop. The nucleus of a syllable may be a short vowel, a long vowel, or the schwa followed by a short high vowel /i u/ (this is relatively rare). A word may end in any vowel or one of the consonants /n t s ts m k/. Since word/stems are generally two syllables, the phonotactic structure can be:
(C)V(V)(C)CV(V)(C)
Stress is placed on the first long vowel, if there is one. If there is no long vowel, stress is placed on the first non-schwa vowel. If there is no full vowel, I haven't figured out what to do yet: maybe stress the first schwa and change it to [e] or [a], or perhaps have it prosodically bind into the following word. I think the second is more cool.
I'm on the fence about keeping the flap /ɾ/ and whether I'm going to put in a lateral fricative /ɬ/. If I do go with the lateral, I feel like I'll also have to put in /l/, but I don't want both /l ɾ/. So it will probably come down to /ɬ l/ or just /ɾ/.
Some example words:
yuuntu
pahii
uunsun
qaansəs
ankwu
ipi
reˀə
kitsu
aati
teya
ehkwu
əntiis
ˀuutsik
Consonants (in orthography)-
The stop kw is /kʷ/, r is /ɾ/, and y is /j/. The nasals /ŋ ɴ/ are marginal phonemes in nasal + stop clusters involving /k kʷ q/; they are represented by n orthographically. Other than those, the rest of the orthography is the same as the IPA.
Vowels (in orthography)-
The vowels are usually equivalent to their IPA vowels, though a is father back than IPA /a/. The vowel e varies between [e] when stressed and [ɛ] when unstressed. The doubled vowels represent long versions of ii uu aa = /i: u: a:/.
Words may begin in zero or one consonants, and any consonant may occur initially. Between vowels are there limited number of clusters: nasal + stop or /s/, /s/ + stop and /h/ + stop. The nucleus of a syllable may be a short vowel, a long vowel, or the schwa followed by a short high vowel /i u/ (this is relatively rare). A word may end in any vowel or one of the consonants /n t s ts m k/. Since word/stems are generally two syllables, the phonotactic structure can be:
(C)V(V)(C)CV(V)(C)
Stress is placed on the first long vowel, if there is one. If there is no long vowel, stress is placed on the first non-schwa vowel. If there is no full vowel, I haven't figured out what to do yet: maybe stress the first schwa and change it to [e] or [a], or perhaps have it prosodically bind into the following word. I think the second is more cool.
I'm on the fence about keeping the flap /ɾ/ and whether I'm going to put in a lateral fricative /ɬ/. If I do go with the lateral, I feel like I'll also have to put in /l/, but I don't want both /l ɾ/. So it will probably come down to /ɬ l/ or just /ɾ/.
Some example words:
yuuntu
pahii
uunsun
qaansəs
ankwu
ipi
reˀə
kitsu
aati
teya
ehkwu
əntiis
ˀuutsik
Last edited by roninbodhisattva on Sat Feb 26, 2011 4:18 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Fuoszi/Fwoshi
(My new tonal, isolating language that may well turn out to be the diseased offspring of Chinese and Vietnamese)
Consonants:
Vowels:
i u a
<i/e/y u/o/w a>
Diphthongs:
ai au ei eu oi ou
<ai au ei eu oi ou>
Tone:
Every syllable in Fuoszi carries its own phonemic tone. There are five tones: rising, falling, mid-flat, peaking (LML) and dipping (MLM)
Although tone is generally said to be a contrastive feature in Fuoszi vowels, it is usual for a some tones to be accompanied by other phonological features. In most dialects, including Standard Fuoszi, a vowel with a falling tone is followed by a glottal stop. Hence, bàr (we) is typically pronounced [pɑ̂ʔɻ]. Also, a vowel with a flat tone is lengthened if it is not followed by a coda. Hence, hā (you.sing) is usually pronounced [xā:]
Phonotactics:
> The syllable structure of Fuoszi is C(S)V(C), where S is one of the semivowels [w,j,ɥ], which are merely allophones of /w/ and /j/.
> Every syllable must have an onset. An onset must be a single consonant. If there is no overt onset, the glottal stop is inserted to fulfil the obligatory onset rule. The combination of a semivowel and a nucleic vowel in words such as tiôr [tʰjœ᷈ɻ] is sometimes analysed as a diphthong, meaning that complex onsets are disallowed.
> A nucleus may be one of three vowels, phonemically /i a u/ or one of six diphthongs /ai au ei eu oi ou/
> A small number of codas are permitted. These are /m n ɲ ŋ p t ʈ k q ɻ/. Note that the aspiration contrast in plosives is lost in coda position.
> A diphthong always closes a syllable in Fuoszi; it is never followed by a coda.
> There are no complex codas.
Allophony:
> The phoneme /x/ is realised as [h] word-initially before a non-low vowel, [ç] adjacent to a high-front vowel, and [x] everywhere else.
> /qʰ/ and /q/ are fronted to [kʰ] and [k] before a front vowel or glide.
> In the same environment, /kʰ/ is fronted to [cʰ] or [cçʰ], depending on the dialect.
> Likewise, /k/ is fronted to [c] or [cç] before a front vowel or glide.
> A sequence of /s/ + [j] in the onset of the same syllable coalesces to [ç].
> Fuoszi is analysed as having a three-vowel system (each with five phonemic tones) although there is a great deal of vowel allophony depending on the quality of the semivowel that precedes it, and the coda consonant that follows it.
(My new tonal, isolating language that may well turn out to be the diseased offspring of Chinese and Vietnamese)
Consonants:
Code: Select all
m n ɳ ŋ
<m n nh ng>
pʰ p tʰ t ʈʰ ʈ kʰ k qʰ q
<p b t d th dh k g q gg>
tsʰ ts ʈʂʰ ʈʂ cçʰ cç
<z dz ch zh c j>
f s ʂ x~h
<f s sz h>
l ɭ ɻ
<l lh r>
i u a
<i/e/y u/o/w a>
Diphthongs:
ai au ei eu oi ou
<ai au ei eu oi ou>
Tone:
Every syllable in Fuoszi carries its own phonemic tone. There are five tones: rising, falling, mid-flat, peaking (LML) and dipping (MLM)
Although tone is generally said to be a contrastive feature in Fuoszi vowels, it is usual for a some tones to be accompanied by other phonological features. In most dialects, including Standard Fuoszi, a vowel with a falling tone is followed by a glottal stop. Hence, bàr (we) is typically pronounced [pɑ̂ʔɻ]. Also, a vowel with a flat tone is lengthened if it is not followed by a coda. Hence, hā (you.sing) is usually pronounced [xā:]
Phonotactics:
> The syllable structure of Fuoszi is C(S)V(C), where S is one of the semivowels [w,j,ɥ], which are merely allophones of /w/ and /j/.
> Every syllable must have an onset. An onset must be a single consonant. If there is no overt onset, the glottal stop is inserted to fulfil the obligatory onset rule. The combination of a semivowel and a nucleic vowel in words such as tiôr [tʰjœ᷈ɻ] is sometimes analysed as a diphthong, meaning that complex onsets are disallowed.
> A nucleus may be one of three vowels, phonemically /i a u/ or one of six diphthongs /ai au ei eu oi ou/
> A small number of codas are permitted. These are /m n ɲ ŋ p t ʈ k q ɻ/. Note that the aspiration contrast in plosives is lost in coda position.
> A diphthong always closes a syllable in Fuoszi; it is never followed by a coda.
> There are no complex codas.
Allophony:
> The phoneme /x/ is realised as [h] word-initially before a non-low vowel, [ç] adjacent to a high-front vowel, and [x] everywhere else.
> /qʰ/ and /q/ are fronted to [kʰ] and [k] before a front vowel or glide.
> In the same environment, /kʰ/ is fronted to [cʰ] or [cçʰ], depending on the dialect.
> Likewise, /k/ is fronted to [c] or [cç] before a front vowel or glide.
> A sequence of /s/ + [j] in the onset of the same syllable coalesces to [ç].
> Fuoszi is analysed as having a three-vowel system (each with five phonemic tones) although there is a great deal of vowel allophony depending on the quality of the semivowel that precedes it, and the coda consonant that follows it.