Romanization challenge thread

[opipik]

Hmong Daw

/pʰ p pˡʰ pˡ tʰ t ʈʰ t cʰ c kʰ k qʰ q ʔ/ p b pl bl t d tr dr ky gy k g kh gh
/ᵐpʰ ᵐb ᵐpˡʰ ᵐbˡ ⁿtʰ ⁿd ᶯʈʰ ᶯɖ ᶮcʰ ᶮɟ ᵑkʰ ᵑɡ ᶰqʰ ᶰɢ/ np nb npl nbl nt nd ntr ndr nky ngy nk ngg nkh ngh
/tsʰ ts tʂʰ tʂ/ c z ch zh
/ⁿtsʰ ⁿdz ⁿtʂʰ ⁿdʐ/ nc nz nch nzh
/f v s ɬ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ h/ f v s hl sh r x xx h
/m̥ m m̥ˡ mˡ n̥ n ɲ̥ ɲ/ hm m hml ml hm m hni ni
/a e ẽ~ʌŋ ɔ ɔ̃~oŋ i ɨ u/ a e en o on i i u
/ai aɨ au iə uə/ ai ae au ie ue
Tones: high, mid, low, high falling, mid rising, low creaky, mid-falling breathy (pɔ́ pɔ pɔ̀ pɔ̂ pɔ̌ pɔ̰̀ pɔ̤̂) < pob pok pot pof pos poq pox>
Low creaky tone is realized phrase-finally as a long low rising tone. <pov>

/tʰa̰u˩ tsɔ̤˧˩ pe˥ ca̤u˧˩ la̰ɨ˩ saɨ˧˦ daɨ˩ tʰiə˥˧ tau˧ n̥a˧˦ kʰau˥ ᶮcaɨ˩ tʂʰi̤ə˧˩. ʝa̰˩ ʐɔ̃˧ tʂʰa˥˧ pˡaɨ˩ ma˩, ne˥˧ ʝuə˧˦ tʂṵ˩ mu˩ ᶯʈʰiə˧˦ nṳ˧˩ çuə˩ sai˥ lṳə˧˩ muə˥˧ ke˧˦ pa˥ hɔ̰˩ da˥ tʂi˧ ɲo˥ ᶮɟi̤˧˩ i˥ cʰẽ˥ tʂa̰˩ ⁿda̰ɨ˩ ne˥˧./
Tauq zox beb gyaux laeq saes daet tief dauk hnas kaub ngyaet chiex. ...

[Nortaneous]

/d ʣ g ɢ/ <d dz g gg>
/p t ʦ k q ʔ/ <p t ts k kk '>
/pʰ tʰ ʦʰ kʰ qʰ/ <ph th tsh kh kkh>
/dtʰ dʦʰ gkʰ ɢqʰ/ <dh dzh gh ggh>
/tʼ tsʼ kʼ kxʼ qʼ/ <t' ts' k' kh' kk'>
/dʦʼ gkxʼ/ <dz' gh'>
/f s x h/ <f s hh h>
/m n ɲ (ŋ)/ <m n ny ng>
/m̰ n̰/ <m' n'>
/(β l j~dʲ)/ <w l y>

/kʘ kǀ kǁ kǃ kǂ/ <b c q x v>
/kʘʰ kǀʰ kǁʰ kǃʰ kǂʰ/ <bh...>
/ɡʘ ɡǀ ɡǁ ɡǃ ɡǂ/ <gb...>
/ɡʘɦ ɡǀɦ ɡǁɦ ɡǃɦ ɡǂɦ/ <gbh...>
/ŋʘ ŋǀ ŋǁ ŋǃ ŋǂ/ <ngb...>
/ŋ̊ʘ ŋ̊ǀ ŋ̊ǁ ŋ̊ǃ ŋ̊ǂ/ <nb...>
/↓ŋ̊ʘʰ ↓ŋ̊ǀʰ ↓ŋ̊ǁʰ ↓ŋ̊ǃʰ ↓ŋ̊ǂʰ/ <nbh...>
/kʘ̰ kǀ̰ kǁ̰ kǃ̰ kǂ̰/ <b'...>
/kʘʼ/ <kb'>
/ŋ̰ʘ ŋ̰ǀ ŋ̰ǁ ŋ̰ǃ ŋ̰ǂ/ <nb'>
/qʘ qǀ qǁ qǃ qǂ/ <bb'>
/qʘʰ/ <bbh>
/ɢʘ ɢǀ ɢǁ ɢǃ ɢǂ/ <gbb...>
/ɢǀɦ ɢǃɦ ɢǂɦ/ <gbbh...>
/kʘx kǀx kǁx kǃx kǂx/ <bk...>
/ɡʘx ɡǀx ɡǁx ɡǃx ɡǂx/ <bg...>
/qʘʼ qǀʼ qǁʼ qǃʼ qǂʼ/ <bk'...>
/kʘʼqʼ kǀʼqʼ kǁʼqʼ kǃʼqʼ kǂʼqʼ/ <kbb'...>
/ɡʘʼqʼ ɡǀʼqʼ ɡǁʼqʼ ɡǃʼqʼ ɡǂʼqʼ/ <gbb'...>

/a e i o u/ <a e i o u>
/a̤ e̤ i̤ o̤ ṳ/ <ah...>
/a̰ ḛ ḭ o̰ ṵ/ <ax...>
/aˤ oˤ uˤ/ <aq...>
/a̰̰ o̰̰ ṵ̰/ <ag...>
/a̤̰ o̤̰ ṳ̰/ <axh...>
/a̰ˤ ṵˤ/ <axq...>
/ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ/ <an...>

All vowels can be either long or short.

/a˥ a˧ a˩ a˧˩/ <á ä a â>

/ǃnˤù.ṵ ì à ǁʼà-be ǃù.m ʘàa sâa/
/ǃqháa̰ kū ǂnûm ǁɢˤûlitê ǀè dtxóʔlu ǀnàe ǂʼá sˤàa̰/

Nxuqux i a q'abe xum baa sâa. Xxháax kü nvûm gqqûlitê ce dhó'lu ncae v'á saqax.

[opipik]

Hmu

/m n nʲ ŋ/
/m̥ʰ n̥ʰ n̥ʲʰ/
/p t tʲ k q/
/pʰ tʰ tʲʰ kʰ qʰ/
/ts tɕ/
/tsʰ tɕʰ/
/v z ʑ ɣ/
/f s ɕ h/
/fʰ sʰ ɕʰ xʰ/
/ɬ ɬʲ/
/ɬʰ ɬʲʰ/
/l lʲ/

/i u/
/ɛ en ə o oŋ/
/ɑ ɑŋ/

/ej əw/

/ɑ˧ ɑ˧˥ ɑ˦ ɑ˥˧ ɑ˥~˦˥ ɑ˩̤ ɑ˩˧̤ ɑ˧˩/

/lɛ˦˥ lɛ˦˥ tʲɑ̤ŋ˩ tɑŋ˦ lo̤˩ so˧ tɑ˧ ʑɑŋ˦˥ qɑ˦˥ mɛ˦˥ ʦi˦ ʑə˧˩, nʲɑŋ˧ tʲo˦ ki˧˥ ʦen˧ nʲə˧˩ hɛ˧ ki˧˥ ʨʰuɛ˧˩ li˦ ki˧˥ noŋ˧˥ ʨṳ˩˧ tʲɛ̤˩ pʰen˧˩ tɛn˦˥.
nen˦˥ to̤˩ mɛ˦˥ lɛ˧ li˦˥ ɕen˦ hɛ˧ ʨo˦˥ xʰi˧ ɣu˦, nen˦˥ to̤˩ noŋ˦ lʲə˥˧ pə˧˥ u˦ i˧˥ ɕi˦ tej˦ tɛ˦./

[Nortaneous]

/m n nʲ ŋ/ <m n ni ng>
/m̥ʰ n̥ʰ n̥ʲʰ/ <mh nh nhi>
/p t tʲ k q/ <b d di g gh>
/pʰ tʰ tʲʰ kʰ qʰ/ <p t ti k kh>
/ts tɕ/ <z j>
/tsʰ tɕʰ/ <c q>
/v z ʑ ɣ/ <v r y w>
/f s ɕ h/ <f s x h>
/fʰ sʰ ɕʰ xʰ/ <fh sh xh hh>
/ɬ ɬʲ/ <sl sli>
/ɬʰ ɬʲʰ/ <slh slhi>
/l lʲ/ <l li>

/i u/ <i u>
/ɛ en ə o oŋ/ <e en ae o on>
/ɑ ɑŋ/ <a an>

/ej əw/ <ei eu>

/ɑ˧ ɑ˧˥ ɑ˦ ɑ˥˧ ɑ˥~˦˥ ɑ˩̤ ɑ˩˧̤ ɑ˧˩/ <a ar as af at ah az av>

/lɛ˦˥ lɛ˦˥ tʲɑ̤ŋ˩ tɑŋ˦ lo̤˩ so˧ tɑ˧ ʑɑŋ˦˥ qɑ˦˥ mɛ˦˥ ʦi˦ ʑə˧˩, nʲɑŋ˧ tʲo˦ ki˧˥ ʦen˧ nʲə˧˩ hɛ˧ ki˧˥ ʨʰuɛ˧˩ li˦ ki˧˥ noŋ˧˥ ʨṳ˩˧ tʲɛ̤˩ pʰen˧˩ tɛn˦˥.
nen˦˥ to̤˩ mɛ˦˥ lɛ˧ li˦˥ ɕen˦ hɛ˧ ʨo˦˥ xʰi˧ ɣu˦, nen˦˥ to̤˩ noŋ˦ lʲə˥˧ pə˧˥ u˦ i˧˥ ɕi˦ tej˦ tɛ˦./

Ler ler dianh dans loh so da yanr khar mer zis yaev, nian dios gir zen niaev he gir quev lis gir nonr juz dieh penv denr. Nenr doh mer le lir xens he jor hhi wus, nenr doh non liaef baer us ir xis teis tes.

Or:

/ɑ˧ ɑ˧˥ ɑ˦ ɑ˥˧ ɑ˥~˦˥ ɑ˩̤ ɑ˩˧̤ ɑ˧˩/ <a á â ã ā à ä ả>

Lé lé diàn dân lò so da yáng khá mé zî yảe, niang diô etc

[opipik]

/m n nʲ ŋ/ m n ny ng
/m̥ʰ n̥ʰ n̥ʲʰ/ hm hn hny
/p t tʲ k q/ b d dy g qg
/pʰ tʰ tʲʰ kʰ qʰ/ p t ty k qk
/ts tɕ/ z j
/tsʰ tɕʰ/ c q
/v z ʑ ɣ/ v z xx hh
/f s ɕ h/ f s x hx
/fʰ sʰ ɕʰ xʰ/ fh sh xh h
/ɬ ɬʲ/ hl hly
/ɬʰ ɬʲʰ/ lh lhy
/l lʲ/ l ly

/i u/ i u
/ɛ en ə o oŋ/ ea en e o ong
/ɑ ɑŋ/ a ang

/ej əw/ ei eu

/ɑ˧ ɑ˧˥ ɑ˦ ɑ˥˧ ɑ˥~˦˥ ɑ˩̤ ɑ˩˧̤ ɑ˧˩/ ab ad at ak as ax af av

/lɛ˦˥ lɛ˦˥ tʲɑ̤ŋ˩ tɑŋ˦ lo̤˩ so˧ tɑ˧ ʑɑŋ˦˥ qɑ˦˥ mɛ˦˥ ʦi˦ ʑə˧˩, nʲɑŋ˧ tʲo˦ ki˧˥ ʦen˧ nʲə˧˩ hɛ˧ ki˧˥ ʨʰuɛ˧˩ li˦ ki˧˥ noŋ˧˥ ʨṳ˩˧ tʲɛ̤˩ pʰen˧˩ tɛn˦˥.
nen˦˥ to̤˩ mɛ˦˥ lɛ˧ li˦˥ ɕen˦ hɛ˧ ʨo˦˥ xʰi˧ ɣu˦, nen˦˥ to̤˩ noŋ˦ lʲə˥˧ pə˧˥ u˦ i˧˥ ɕi˦ tej˦ tɛ˦./
Leas leas dyangx dangt lox sob dab xxangs qgas meas xxev, nyangb dyot gid zenb nyev hxeab gid quev lit gid nongd...

or

Hmu as Qiang

/m n nʲ ŋ/ m n ni ng
/m̥ʰ n̥ʰ n̥ʲʰ/ hm hn hni
/p t tʲ k q/ b d di g gv
/pʰ tʰ tʲʰ kʰ qʰ/ p t ti k kv
/ts tɕ/ z j
/tsʰ tɕʰ/ c q
/v z ʑ ɣ/ ff ss xx hh
/f s ɕ h/ f s x hv
/fʰ sʰ ɕʰ xʰ/ fh sh xh h
/ɬ ɬʲ/ sl sli
/ɬʰ ɬʲʰ/ hl hli
/l lʲ/ l li

/i u/ i u
/ɛ en ə o oŋ/ ea ean e o ong
/ɑ ɑŋ/ a ang

/ej əw/ eai eu

/ɑ˧ ɑ˧˥ ɑ˦ ɑ˥˧ ɑ˥~˦˥ ɑ˩̤ ɑ˩˧̤ ɑ˧˩/ ab ad at ak ax al as af

/lɛ˦˥ lɛ˦˥ tʲɑ̤ŋ˩ tɑŋ˦ lo̤˩ so˧ tɑ˧ ʑɑŋ˦˥ qɑ˦˥ mɛ˦˥ ʦi˦ ʑə˧˩, nʲɑŋ˧ tʲo˦ ki˧˥ ʦen˧ nʲə˧˩ hɛ˧ ki˧˥ ʨʰuɛ˧˩ li˦ ki˧˥ noŋ˧˥ ʨṳ˩˧ tʲɛ̤˩ pʰen˧˩ tɛn˦˥.
nen˦˥ to̤˩ mɛ˦˥ lɛ˧ li˦˥ ɕen˦ hɛ˧ ʨo˦˥ xʰi˧ ɣu˦, nen˦˥ to̤˩ noŋ˦ lʲə˥˧ pə˧˥ u˦ i˧˥ ɕi˦ tej˦ tɛ˦./
Leax leax diangl dangt lol sob dab xxangx gvax meax zit xxef, ...

[Nannalu]

/m n nʲ ŋ/ <m n ny ng>
/m̥ʰ n̥ʰ n̥ʲʰ/ <mm nn nny>
/p t tʲ k q/ <p t ty k q>
/pʰ tʰ tʲʰ kʰ qʰ/ <pp tt tty kk qq>
/ts tɕ/ <ts tsy>
/tsʰ tɕʰ/ <tts ttsy>
/v z ʑ ɣ/ <v z zy g>
/f s ɕ h/ <f s sy h>
/fʰ sʰ ɕʰ xʰ/ <ff ss ssy x>
/ɬ ɬʲ/ <lh lhy>
/ɬʰ ɬʲʰ/ <llh llhy>
/l lʲ/ <l ly>

/i u/ <i u>
/ɛ en ə o oŋ/ <e ẽ ę o õ>
/ɑ ɑŋ/ <a ã>

/ej əw/ <ei ęu>

/ɑ˧ ɑ˧˥ ɑ˦ ɑ˥˧ ɑ˥~˦˥ ɑ˩̤ ɑ˩˧̤ ɑ˧˩/ <a aƽ aƅ aч aз ah-ƅ ah-ƽ aƨ>

/lɛ˦˥ lɛ˦˥ tʲɑ̤ŋ˩ tɑŋ˦ lo̤˩ so˧ tɑ˧ ʑɑŋ˦˥ qɑ˦˥ mɛ˦˥ ʦi˦ ʑə˧˩, nʲɑŋ˧ tʲo˦ ki˧˥ ʦen˧ nʲə˧˩ hɛ˧ ki˧˥ ʨʰuɛ˧˩ li˦ ki˧˥ noŋ˧˥ ʨṳ˩˧ tʲɛ̤˩ pʰen˧˩ tɛn˦˥. nen˦˥ to̤˩ mɛ˦˥ lɛ˧ li˦˥ ɕen˦ hɛ˧ ʨo˦˥ xʰi˧ ɣu˦, nen˦˥ to̤˩ noŋ˦ lʲə˥˧ pə˧˥ u˦ i˧˥ ɕi˦ tej˦ tɛ˦./
Leз leз tyahngƅ tangƅ lohƅ so ta zyangз qaз meз tsiƅ zyęƨ, nyang tyoƅ kiƽ ttsyueƨ liƅ kiƽ nongƽ tsyuhƽ tyehƅ ppenƨ tenз. Nenз tohƅ meз...

[opipik]

/m n nʲ ŋ/ m n ni ng
/m̥ʰ n̥ʰ n̥ʲʰ/ hm hn hni
/p t tʲ k q/ b d di g qg
/pʰ tʰ tʲʰ kʰ qʰ/ p t ti k qk
/ts tɕ/ z j
/tsʰ tɕʰ/ c q
/v z ʑ ɣ/ v ss xx hh
/f s ɕ h/ f s x v
/fʰ sʰ ɕʰ xʰ/ fh sh xh h
/ɬ ɬʲ/ hl hli
/ɬʰ ɬʲʰ/ lh lhi
/l lʲ/ l li

/i u/ i u
/ɛ en ə o oŋ/ ai en e o ong
/ɑ ɑŋ/ a ang

/ej əw/ ei eu

/ɑ˧ ɑ˧˥ ɑ˦ ɑ˥˧ ɑ˥~˦˥ ɑ˩̤ ɑ˩˧̤ ɑ˧˩/ a á ā à ȧ a̱ a̤ a̖

/lɛ˦˥ lɛ˦˥ tʲɑ̤ŋ˩ tɑŋ˦ lo̤˩ so˧ tɑ˧ ʑɑŋ˦˥ qɑ˦˥ mɛ˦˥ ʦi˦ ʑə˧˩, nʲɑŋ˧ tʲo˦ ki˧˥ ʦen˧ nʲə˧˩ hɛ˧ ki˧˥ ʨʰuɛ˧˩ li˦ ki˧˥ noŋ˧˥ ʨṳ˩˧ tʲɛ̤˩ pʰen˧˩ tɛn˦˥.
nen˦˥ to̤˩ mɛ˦˥ lɛ˧ li˦˥ ɕen˦ hɛ˧ ʨo˦˥ xʰi˧ ɣu˦, nen˦˥ to̤˩ noŋ˦ lʲə˥˧ pə˧˥ u˦ i˧˥ ɕi˦ tej˦ tɛ˦./
Lȧi lȧi dia̱ng dāng lo̱ so da xxȧng qgȧ mȧi zī xxe̖, niang diō gí zen nie̖ vhai gí qu̖e lī gí nóng jṳ die̤ pe̖ng tėn. ...

[Nannalu]

/m n nʲ ŋ/ <m n ni ng>
/m̥ʰ n̥ʰ n̥ʲʰ/ <mh nh nhi>
/p t tʲ k q/ <p t ti k q>
/pʰ tʰ tʲʰ kʰ qʰ/ <ph th thi kh qh>
/ts tɕ/ <c j>
/tsʰ tɕʰ/ <ch jh>
/v z ʑ ɣ/ <v z zi g>
/f s ɕ h/ <f s si h>
/fʰ sʰ ɕʰ xʰ/ <fh sh shi x>
/ɬ ɬʲ/ <ll lli>
/ɬʰ ɬʲʰ/ <llh llhi>
/l lʲ/ <l li>

/i u/ <i u>
/ɛ en ə o oŋ/ <ai en e o ong>
/ɑ ɑŋ/ <a ang>

/ej əw/ <ei eu>

/ɑ˧ ɑ˧˥ ɑ˦ ɑ˥˧ ɑ˥~˦˥ ɑ˩̤ ɑ˩˧̤ ɑ˧˩/ <a av at ab ad al as ax>

/lɛ˦˥ lɛ˦˥ tʲɑ̤ŋ˩ tɑŋ˦ lo̤˩ so˧ tɑ˧ ʑɑŋ˦˥ qɑ˦˥ mɛ˦˥ ʦi˦ ʑə˧˩, nʲɑŋ˧ tʲo˦ ki˧˥ ʦen˧ nʲə˧˩ hɛ˧ ki˧˥ ʨʰuɛ˧˩ li˦ ki˧˥ noŋ˧˥ ʨṳ˩˧ tʲɛ̤˩ pʰen˧˩ tɛn˦˥.
nen˦˥ to̤˩ mɛ˦˥ lɛ˧ li˦˥ ɕen˦ hɛ˧ ʨo˦˥ xʰi˧ ɣu˦, nen˦˥ to̤˩ noŋ˦ lʲə˥˧ pə˧˥ u˦ i˧˥ ɕi˦ tej˦ tɛ˦./
Laid laid tiangl tangt lol so ta ziangd qad maid cit ziex, niang tiot kiv cen niex hai kiv jhuaix lit kiv nongv jus tiail phenx taind.
Nend tol maid lai lid sient hait jod xi gut, nend tol nongt lieb pev ut id sit teit tait.

[opipik]

/m n nʲ ŋ/ m n ny ng
/m̥ʰ n̥ʰ n̥ʲʰ/ hm hn hny
/p t tʲ k q/ p t ty k q
/pʰ tʰ tʲʰ kʰ qʰ/ hp ht hty hk hq
/ts tɕ/ ts ch
/tsʰ tɕʰ/ hts hc
/v z ʑ ɣ/ v z r gh
/f s ɕ h/ f s sh h
/fʰ sʰ ɕʰ xʰ/ hf hs hr hh
/ɬ ɬʲ/ lh lhy
/ɬʰ ɬʲʰ/ hl hly
/l lʲ/ l ly

/i u/ i u
/ɛ en ə o oŋ/ e en ai aw awng
/ɑ ɑŋ/ a ang

/ej əw/ ei o

/ɑ˧ ɑ˧˥ ɑ˦ ɑ˥˧ ɑ˥~˦˥ ɑ˩̤ ɑ˩˧̤ ɑ˧˩/ a a" a: a a a" a: a

/lɛ˦˥ lɛ˦˥ tʲɑ̤ŋ˩ tɑŋ˦ lo̤˩ so˧ tɑ˧ ʑɑŋ˦˥ qɑ˦˥ mɛ˦˥ ʦi˦ ʑə˧˩, nʲɑŋ˧ tʲo˦ ki˧˥ ʦen˧ nʲə˧˩ hɛ˧ ki˧˥ ʨʰuɛ˧˩ li˦ ki˧˥ noŋ˧˥ ʨṳ˩˧ tʲɛ̤˩ pʰen˧˩ tɛn˦˥.
nen˦˥ to̤˩ mɛ˦˥ lɛ˧ li˦˥ ɕen˦ hɛ˧ ʨo˦˥ xʰi˧ ɣu˦, nen˦˥ to̤˩ noŋ˦ lʲə˥˧ pə˧˥ u˦ i˧˥ ɕi˦ tej˦ tɛ˦./

Le" le" tyang: tang: law" saw ta rang qa me tsi: rai, nyang tyaw: ki" tsen nyai he ki" hcue li: ki" nawng" chu: tye" hpen ten. Nen taw" me le li shen: he chaw hhi ghu:, nen taw" nawng: lyai pai" u i" shi: tei: te:.

[Nannalu]

/m n nʲ ŋ/ <m n nh ng>
/m̥ʰ n̥ʰ n̥ʲʰ/ <hm hn hny>
/p t tʲ k q/ <p t ty k q>
/pʰ tʰ tʲʰ kʰ qʰ/ <hp ht hty hk hq>
/ts tɕ/ <ts c>
/tsʰ tɕʰ/ <hts hc>
/v z ʑ ɣ/ <v z r g>
/f s ɕ h/ <f s sh h>
/fʰ sʰ ɕʰ xʰ/ <hf hs hr x>
/ɬ ɬʲ/ <lh lhy>
/ɬʰ ɬʲʰ/ <hl hly>
/l lʲ/ <l ly>

/i u/ <i u>
/ɛ en ə o oŋ/ <e ên â o ong>
/ɑ ɑŋ/ <a ang>

/ej əw/ <êi âo>

/ɑ˧ ɑ˧˥ ɑ˦ ɑ˥˧ ɑ˥~˦˥ ɑ˩̤ ɑ˩˧̤ ɑ˧˩/ <a a̋ á à ả à̛ á̛ a̛>

/lɛ˦˥ lɛ˦˥ tʲɑ̤ŋ˩ tɑŋ˦ lo̤˩ so˧ tɑ˧ ʑɑŋ˦˥ qɑ˦˥ mɛ˦˥ ʦi˦ ʑə˧˩, nʲɑŋ˧ tʲo˦ ki˧˥ ʦen˧ nʲə˧˩ hɛ˧ ki˧˥ ʨʰuɛ˧˩ li˦ ki˧˥ noŋ˧˥ ʨṳ˩˧ tʲɛ̤˩ pʰen˧˩ tɛn˦˥.
nen˦˥ to̤˩ mɛ˦˥ lɛ˧ li˦˥ ɕen˦ hɛ˧ ʨo˦˥ xʰi˧ ɣu˦, nen˦˥ to̤˩ noŋ˦ lʲə˥˧ pə˧˥ u˦ i˧˥ ɕi˦ tej˦ tɛ˦./
Lẻ lẻ tyà̛ng táng lờ so ta rảng qả mẻ tsí râ̛, nyang tyó ki̋ tsên nyâ̛ he ki̋ hcue̛ lí ki̋ nőng cứ tiè̛ hpê̛n tẻn.
Nển tờ mẻ le li̋ shến he cỏ xi gú, nển tờ nóng lyầ pâ̋ ú ỉ shí tếi té.

[opipik]

/m n nʲ ŋ/ m n ny ng
/m̥ʰ n̥ʰ n̥ʲʰ/ hm hn hny
/p t tʲ k q/ p t ty k k'
/pʰ tʰ tʲʰ kʰ qʰ/ hp ht hty hk hk'
/ts tɕ/ ts ch
/tsʰ tɕʰ/ hts ch'
/v z ʑ ɣ/ v z y gh
/f s ɕ h/ f s sh h
/fʰ sʰ ɕʰ xʰ/ hf hs hx hh
/ɬ ɬʲ/ lh lhy
/ɬʰ ɬʲʰ/ hl hly
/l lʲ/ l ly

/i u/ i u
/ɛ en ə o oŋ/ e en eh o ong
/ɑ ɑŋ/ a ang

/ej əw/ ei eu

/ɑ˧ ɑ˧˥ ɑ˦ ɑ˥˧ ɑ˥~˦˥ ɑ˩̤ ɑ˩˧̤ ɑ˧˩/ a a´ a¯ a^ aˇ aˍ aˬ a˰

/lɛ˦˥ lɛ˦˥ tʲɑ̤ŋ˩ tɑŋ˦ lo̤˩ so˧ tɑ˧ ʑɑŋ˦˥ qɑ˦˥ mɛ˦˥ ʦi˦ ʑə˧˩, nʲɑŋ˧ tʲo˦ ki˧˥ ʦen˧ nʲə˧˩ hɛ˧ ki˧˥ ʨʰuɛ˧˩ li˦ ki˧˥ noŋ˧˥ ʨṳ˩˧ tʲɛ̤˩ pʰen˧˩ tɛn˦˥.
nen˦˥ to̤˩ mɛ˦˥ lɛ˧ li˦˥ ɕen˦ hɛ˧ ʨo˦˥ xʰi˧ ɣu˦, nen˦˥ to̤˩ noŋ˦ lʲə˥˧ pə˧˥ u˦ i˧˥ ɕi˦ tej˦ tɛ˦./

Leˇ leˇ tyangˍ tang¯ loˍ so ta yangˇ k'aˇ meˇ tsi¯ yehˬ, nyang tyo¯ ki´ tsen nyehˬ he ki´ ch'ue˰...

[Nortaneous]

/m n nʲ ŋ/ ꓟ ꓠ ꓠꓬ ꓥ
/m̥ʰ n̥ʰ n̥ʲʰ/ ꓟꓦ ꓠꓦ ꓠꓬꓦ
/p t tʲ k q/ ꓑ ꓔ ꓕ ꓗ ꓘ
/pʰ tʰ tʲʰ kʰ qʰ/ ꓐ ꓓ ꓷ ꓖ ꓨ
/ts tɕ/ ꓜ ꓙ
/tsʰ tɕʰ/ ꓝ ꓚ
/v z ʑ ɣ/ ꓪ ꓤ ꓣ ꓭ
/f s ɕ h/ ꓩ ꓢ ꓫ ꓧ
/fʰ sʰ ɕʰ xʰ/ ꓩꓦ ꓢꓦ ꓫꓦ ꓧꓦ
/ɬ ɬʲ/ ꓶ ꓶꓬ
/ɬʰ ɬʲʰ/ ꓞ ꓞ
/l lʲ/ ꓡ ꓡꓬ

/i u/ ꓲ ꓴ
/ɛ en ə o oŋ/ ꓰ ꓰʼ ꓱ ꓳ ꓳʼ
/ɑ ɑŋ/ ꓮ ꓮʼ

/ej əw/ ꓯ ꓵ

/ɑ˧ ɑ˧˥ ɑ˦ ɑ˥˧ ɑ˥~˦˥ ɑ˩̤ ɑ˩˧̤ ɑ˧˩/ 0 ꓹ ꓸ ꓼ ꓺ ꓻ ˍ ꓽ

/lɛ˦˥ lɛ˦˥ tʲɑ̤ŋ˩ tɑŋ˦ lo̤˩ so˧ tɑ˧ ʑɑŋ˦˥ qɑ˦˥ mɛ˦˥ ʦi˦ ʑə˧˩, nʲɑŋ˧ tʲo˦ ki˧˥ ʦen˧ nʲə˧˩ hɛ˧ ki˧˥ ʨʰuɛ˧˩ li˦ ki˧˥ noŋ˧˥ ʨṳ˩˧ tʲɛ̤˩ pʰen˧˩ tɛn˦˥.
nen˦˥ to̤˩ mɛ˦˥ lɛ˧ li˦˥ ɕen˦ hɛ˧ ʨo˦˥ xʰi˧ ɣu˦, nen˦˥ to̤˩ noŋ˦ lʲə˥˧ pə˧˥ u˦ i˧˥ ɕi˦ tej˦ tɛ˦./

ꓡꓰꓹ ꓡꓰꓹ ꓕʼꓻ ꓔʼꓸ ꓡꓳꓻ ꓢꓳ ꓔ ꓣʼꓹ ꓘꓹ ꓟꓰꓹ ꓝꓲꓸ ꓣꓱꓽ꓾ ꓠꓬʼ ꓕꓳꓸ ꓗꓲꓹ etc

[WeepingElf]

Hmu

/m n nʲ ŋ/ m n nj ng
/m̥ʰ n̥ʰ n̥ʲʰ/ mh nh njh
/p t tʲ k q/ p t tj k q
/pʰ tʰ tʲʰ kʰ qʰ/ ph th tjh kh qh
/ts tɕ/ c cj
/tsʰ tɕʰ/ ch cjh
/v z ʑ ɣ/ v z zj g
/f s ɕ h/ f s sj h
/fʰ sʰ ɕʰ xʰ/ fh sh sjh xh
/ɬ ɬʲ/ l' lj'
/ɬʰ ɬʲʰ/ lh ljh
/l lʲ/ l lj

/i u/ i u
/ɛ en ə o oŋ/ e en y o ong
/ɑ ɑŋ/ a ang

/ej əw/ ej yu

/ɑ˧ ɑ˧˥ ɑ˦ ɑ˥˧ ɑ˥~˦˥ ɑ˩̤ ɑ˩˧̤ ɑ˧˩/ a a/ a- a\ a' a. a, a;

/lɛ˦˥ lɛ˦˥ tʲɑ̤ŋ˩ tɑŋ˦ lo̤˩ so˧ tɑ˧ ʑɑŋ˦˥ qɑ˦˥ mɛ˦˥ ʦi˦ ʑə˧˩, nʲɑŋ˧ tʲo˦ ki˧˥ ʦen˧ nʲə˧˩ hɛ˧ ki˧˥ ʨʰuɛ˧˩ li˦ ki˧˥ noŋ˧˥ ʨṳ˩˧ tʲɛ̤˩ pʰen˧˩ tɛn˦˥.
nen˦˥ to̤˩ mɛ˦˥ lɛ˧ li˦˥ ɕen˦ hɛ˧ ʨo˦˥ xʰi˧ ɣu˦, nen˦˥ to̤˩ noŋ˦ lʲə˥˧ pə˧˥ u˦ i˧˥ ɕi˦ tej˦ tɛ˦./

Le' le' tjang. tang- lo. so ta zjang' qa' me' ci- zjy; njang tjo- ki/ cen njy; he ki/ cjhue; li - ki/ nong/ cju\ tje. phen; ten'
Nen' to. me' le li' sjen- he cjo' xhi gu- nen' to. nong- ljy\ py/ u- i/ sji- tej- te-

[opipik]

Dananshan Miao

/m̥ n̥ ɲ̥/
/m n ɲ ŋ/
/p pˡ t tˡ ʈ k q ʔ/
/pʰ pˡʰ tʰ tˡʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ/
/ᵐp ᵐpˡ ⁿt ᶯʈ ᵑk ᶰq/
/ᵐpʰ ᵐpˡʰ ⁿtʰ ᶯʈʰ ᵑkʰ ᶰqʰ/
/ts tʂ tɕ/
/tsʰ tʂʰ tɕʰ/
/ⁿts ⁿtʂ ⁿtɕ/
/ⁿtsʰ ⁿtʂʰ ⁿtɕʰ/
/f s ɬ ʂ ɕ x/
/v ʐ ʑ/
/l w/

/i (ɨ) u/
/e en o oŋ/
/a aŋ l/

/aj aw wɒ əw eβ (ao)/

/a a˦˧ a˥ a˦ a˧ a˧˩ a̤˨˩ a̤˩˧ a˨˦/

/ʦʰwɒ˦ len˧˩ ʦʰwɒ˦ to̤˨˩ poŋ˦˧ te̤β˨˩ ⁿta˧˩ te˧˩ təw˨˦ mwɒ˧˩ ʦi˨˦ ʑəw˧˩, ɲao˦˧ ʂəw˦ ʦun˦˧ ʑin˧˩ tʰa˦˧ ⁿta̤˩˧ to̤˩˧ i˥, ta˧˩ ʦi̤˩˧ i˦˧ su˧. ni̤˨˩ pwɒ˦˧ ta˨˦ lo̤˨˩ ʨao˧˩ mwɒ˧˩ li˥ ɕin˨˦ ɬu˦˧ xəw˦ tʰa˦˧ ljaŋ˧˩ ɕin˦˧ ʂa˦˧ ⁿʈʂu˧, ʑin˨˦ kaj˦˧ kʰeβ˧ su˧ ku˥ ti˧˩ mo̤˨˩ lo̤˨˩ ni˦ ʨin˦˧ ʂen˧˩ lo̤˨˩ ʂi˦˧ ta˨˦ ʂi˦˧ ɬa˥./

[Nannalu]

/m̥ n̥ ɲ̥/ <hm hn hny>
/m n ɲ ŋ/ <m n ny ng>
/p pˡ t tˡ ʈ k q ʔ/ <p pl t tl tr k q x>
/pʰ pˡʰ tʰ tˡʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ/ <hp hpl ht htl htr hk hq>
/ᵐp ᵐpˡ ⁿt ᶯʈ ᵑk ᶰq/ <mp mpl nt ntr nk nq>
/ᵐpʰ ᵐpˡʰ ⁿtʰ ᶯʈʰ ᵑkʰ ᶰqʰ/ <mhp mhpl nht nhtr nhk nhq>
/ts tʂ tɕ/ <c cr cy>
/tsʰ tʂʰ tɕʰ/ <hc hcr hcy>
/ⁿts ⁿtʂ ⁿtɕ/ <nc ncr ncy>
/ⁿtsʰ ⁿtʂʰ ⁿtɕʰ/ <nhc nhcr nhcy>
/f s ɬ ʂ ɕ x/ <f s lh sr sy h>
/v ʐ ʑ/ <v zr zy>
/l w/ <l w>

/i (ɨ) u/ <i y u>
/e en o oŋ/ <e en o ong>
/a aŋ l/ <a ang (l?)>

/aj aw wɒ əw eβ (ao)/ <ai au ua eo eu (ao)>

/a˦˧ a˥ a˦ a˧ a˧˩ a̤˨˩ a̤˩˧ a˨˦/ <av am at a ab as al az>

/ʦʰwɒ˦ len˧˩ ʦʰwɒ˦ to̤˨˩ poŋ˦˧ te̤β˨˩ ⁿta˧˩ te˧˩ təw˨˦ mwɒ˧˩ ʦi˨˦ ʑəw˧˩, ɲao˦˧ ʂəw˦ ʦun˦˧ ʑin˧˩ tʰa˦˧ ⁿta̤˩˧ to̤˩˧ i˥, ta˧˩ ʦi̤˩˧ i˦˧ su˧. ni̤˨˩ pwɒ˦˧ ta˨˦ lo̤˨˩ ʨao˧˩ mwɒ˧˩ li˥ ɕin˨˦ ɬu˦˧ xəw˦ tʰa˦˧ ljaŋ˧˩ ɕin˦˧ ʂa˦˧ ⁿʈʂu˧, ʑin˨˦ kaj˦˧ kʰeβ˧ su˧ ku˥ ti˧˩ mo̤˨˩ lo̤˨˩ ni˦ ʨin˦˧ ʂen˧˩ lo̤˨˩ ʂi˦˧ ta˨˦ ʂi˦˧ ɬa˥./
Hcuat lenb hcuat tos pongv teus ntab teb teoz muab ciz zyeob, nyaov sreot cunv zyinb htav ntal tol im, tab iv su. Nis puav taz los cyaob muab lim syinz lhuv heot htav lyangb syinv srav ncru, zyinz kaiv hkeu su kum tib mos sriv taz sriv lham.

[opipik]

/m̥ n̥ ɲ̥/ hm hn hny
/m n ɲ ŋ/ m n ny ng
/p pˡ t tˡ ʈ k q ʔ/ p pl t tl tx k q
/pʰ pˡʰ tʰ tˡʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ/ hp hpl ht htl htx hk hq
/ᵐp ᵐpˡ ⁿt ᶯʈ ᵑk ᶰq/ mp mpl nt ntx nk nq
/ᵐpʰ ᵐpˡʰ ⁿtʰ ᶯʈʰ ᵑkʰ ᶰqʰ/ hmp hmpl hnt hntx hnk hnq
/ts tʂ tɕ/ ts c j
/tsʰ tʂʰ tɕʰ/ hts hc hj
/ⁿts ⁿtʂ ⁿtɕ/ nts nc nj
/ⁿtsʰ ⁿtʂʰ ⁿtɕʰ/ hnts hnc hnj
/f s ɬ ʂ ɕ x/ f s hl sh x gh
/v ʐ ʑ/ v r zh
/l w/ l w

/i (ɨ) u/ i ui u
/e en o oŋ/ e en aw awng
/a aŋ l/ a ang l

/aj aw wɒ əw eβ (ao)/ ai au ua ew eu ao

/a a˦˧ a˥ a˦ a˧ a˧˩ a̤˨˩ a̤˩˧ a˨˦/ <not marked>

/ʦʰwɒ˦ len˧˩ ʦʰwɒ˦ to̤˨˩ poŋ˦˧ te̤β˨˩ ⁿta˧˩ te˧˩ təw˨˦ mwɒ˧˩ ʦi˨˦ ʑəw˧˩, ɲao˦˧ ʂəw˦ ʦun˦˧ ʑin˧˩ tʰa˦˧ ⁿta̤˩˧ to̤˩˧ i˥, ta˧˩ ʦi̤˩˧ i˦˧ su˧. ni̤˨˩ pwɒ˦˧ ta˨˦ lo̤˨˩ ʨao˧˩ mwɒ˧˩ li˥ ɕin˨˦ ɬu˦˧ xəw˦ tʰa˦˧ ljaŋ˧˩ ɕin˦˧ ʂa˦˧ ⁿʈʂu˧, ʑin˨˦ kaj˦˧ kʰeβ˧ su˧ ku˥ ti˧˩ mo̤˨˩ lo̤˨˩ ni˦ ʨin˦˧ ʂen˧˩ lo̤˨˩ ʂi˦˧ ta˨˦ ʂi˦˧ ɬa˥./
Htsua len htsua taw pawng teu nta te tew mua tsi zhew...

[opipik]

Lahu à la Lhao Vo

/pʰ p b tʰ t d cʰ c ɟ kʰ k g qʰ q/ ph p b th t d jh zh j kh k g qh q
/f v ʃ j h ɣ/ f v s y h ngh
/m n ŋ/ m n ng
/l/ l
/a ɛ ɔ e ə o i ɨ u/ a ai o e ao oo i oi u
/˧ ˩ ˧˥ ˥˧ ˧˩ ʔ˥ ʔ˩/ a a" a: a' aB" aB: aB

/ɔ˧˩ kʰɨ˧˥ pɨ˩ tʰa˥˧ kaʔ˩ Tɔ˥˧ kʰɔ˥˧ cɔ˧˩ ta˩ ve˧ jo˧˩. Tɔ˥˧ kʰɔ˥˧ o˥˧ ve˧ ɣɨ˧˩ɕa˧ gɛ˧ cʰɛ˥˧ lɛ˧ Tɔ˥˧ kʰɔ˥˧ o˥˧ ve˧ lɛ˧˩, ɣɨ˧˩ɕa˧ pʰɛʔ˩ ve˧ jo˧˩. Tɔ˥˧ kʰɔ˥˧ o˥˧ ve˧ lɛ˧˩, ɔ˧˩ kʰɨ˧˥ pɨ˩ tʰa˥˧ kaʔ˩ ɣɨ˧˩ɕa˧ gɛ˧ te˥˧ gɛ˧ cʰɛ˥˧ ta˩ ve˧ jo˧˩. qʰa˧ pə˧ e˧˩ ve˧ tʰaʔ˩ jɔ˥˧ te˧ ta˩ ve˧ jo˧˩. qʰa˧ cɔ˧˩ ta˩ ve˧ qʰa˧ pə˧ e˧˩ ɔ˧˩ qʰɔ˧ lo˧ jɔ˥˧ ma˥˧ te˧ ve˧ te˥˧ cə˧˩ kaʔ˩ ma˥˧ cɔ˧˩. jɔ˥˧ ɔ˧˩ qʰɔ lo co˧ ha˧ teʔ˩ ve˧ ɔ˧˩ cə˧˩ cɔ˧˩ ve˧ jo˧˩. Co˧ ha˧ teʔ˩ ve˧ o˥˧ ve˧ lɛ˧˩, cʰɔ˧ ja˥˧ ve˧ ɔ˧˩ ɣəʔ˥ ɔ˧˩ ɣəʔ˥ o˥˧ ve˧ lɛ˧˩, naʔ˥ hoʔ˩ ve˧ ɔ˧˩ qʰɔ˧ lo˧ ba˧ la˧ lɛ˧, naʔ˥ hoʔ˩ ve˧ lɛ˧˩ ɔ˧˩ ɣəʔ˥ tʰaʔ˩ ma˥˧ ɣa˥˧./

Ob" khoi: poi" tha' kad Tokho' zhob" ta" ve yoob". Tokho' oo' ve nghoid" sha gai jhai' lai Tokho' oo' ve laid", nghoid" sha phaig ve yoob". Tokho' oo' ve laid", ob" khoi: poi" tha' kad nghoid" sha gai te' gai zhai' ta" ve yoob. Qhapeh eg" ve thad yo' te ta" ve yoob" ...

[Nannalu]

/pʰ p b tʰ t d cʰ c ɟ kʰ k g qʰ q/ <pp b tt t d cc c j kk k g qq q>
/f v ʃ j h ɣ/ <f v s y h x>
/m n ŋ/ <m n ng>
/l/ <l>

/a ɛ ɔ e ə o i ɨ u/ <a e o ea eo ou ie i u>
/˧ ˩ ˧˥ ˥˧ ˧˩ ʔ˥ ʔ˩/ <a ab at av as ad ap>

/ɔ˧˩ kʰɨ˧˥ pɨ˩ tʰa˥˧ kaʔ˩ Tɔ˥˧ kʰɔ˥˧ cɔ˧˩ ta˩ ve˧ jo˧˩. Tɔ˥˧ kʰɔ˥˧ o˥˧ ve˧ ɣɨ˧˩ɕa˧ gɛ˧ cʰɛ˥˧ lɛ˧ Tɔ˥˧ kʰɔ˥˧ o˥˧ ve˧ lɛ˧˩, ɣɨ˧˩ɕa˧ pʰɛʔ˩ ve˧ jo˧˩. Tɔ˥˧ kʰɔ˥˧ o˥˧ ve˧ lɛ˧˩, ɔ˧˩ kʰɨ˧˥ pɨ˩ tʰa˥˧ kaʔ˩ ɣɨ˧˩ɕa˧ gɛ˧ te˥˧ gɛ˧ cʰɛ˥˧ ta˩ ve˧ jo˧˩. qʰa˧ pə˧ e˧˩ ve˧ tʰaʔ˩ jɔ˥˧ te˧ ta˩ ve˧ jo˧˩. qʰa˧ cɔ˧˩ ta˩ ve˧ qʰa˧ pə˧ e˧˩ ɔ˧˩ qʰɔ˧ lo˧ jɔ˥˧ ma˥˧ te˧ ve˧ te˥˧ cə˧˩ kaʔ˩ ma˥˧ cɔ˧˩. jɔ˥˧ ɔ˧˩ qʰɔ lo co˧ ha˧ teʔ˩ ve˧ ɔ˧˩ cə˧˩ cɔ˧˩ ve˧ jo˧˩. Co˧ ha˧ teʔ˩ ve˧ o˥˧ ve˧ lɛ˧˩, cʰɔ˧ ja˥˧ ve˧ ɔ˧˩ ɣəʔ˥ ɔ˧˩ ɣəʔ˥ o˥˧ ve˧ lɛ˧˩, naʔ˥ hoʔ˩ ve˧ ɔ˧˩ qʰɔ˧ lo˧ ba˧ la˧ lɛ˧, naʔ˥ hoʔ˩ ve˧ lɛ˧˩ ɔ˧˩ ɣəʔ˥ tʰaʔ˩ ma˥˧ ɣa˥˧./
Os kkit pib ttav kad Tov kkov cos tab vea yous. Tov kkov ouv vea xis-sa ge ccev le Tov kkov ouv vea les, xis-sa ppep vea yos. Tov kkov ouv vea les, os kkit pib ttav kap xis-sa ge teav vea yos, Qqa pei eas vea ttap yov tea tab vea yos...

[opipik]

/pʰ p b tʰ t d cʰ c ɟ kʰ k g qʰ q/ ṗ p b ṭ t d č̣ č j ḳ k g ḵ̣ ḵ
/f v ʃ j h ɣ/ f v š y h ḡ
/m n ŋ/ m n ṇ
/l/ l
/a ɛ ɔ e ə o i ɨ u/ a æ o e œ i ʉ u
/˧ ˩ ˧˥ ˥˧ ˧˩ ʔ˥ ʔ˩/ a a̱ á à a̖ aʾ a̱ʾ

/ɔ˧˩ kʰɨ˧˥ pɨ˩ tʰa˥˧ kaʔ˩ Tɔ˥˧ kʰɔ˥˧ cɔ˧˩ ta˩ ve˧ jo˧˩. Tɔ˥˧ kʰɔ˥˧ o˥˧ ve˧ ɣɨ˧˩ɕa˧ gɛ˧ cʰɛ˥˧ lɛ˧ Tɔ˥˧ kʰɔ˥˧ o˥˧ ve˧ lɛ˧˩, ɣɨ˧˩ɕa˧ pʰɛʔ˩ ve˧ jo˧˩. Tɔ˥˧ kʰɔ˥˧ o˥˧ ve˧ lɛ˧˩, ɔ˧˩ kʰɨ˧˥ pɨ˩ tʰa˥˧ kaʔ˩ ɣɨ˧˩ɕa˧ gɛ˧ te˥˧ gɛ˧ cʰɛ˥˧ ta˩ ve˧ jo˧˩. qʰa˧ pə˧ e˧˩ ve˧ tʰaʔ˩ jɔ˥˧ te˧ ta˩ ve˧ jo˧˩. qʰa˧ cɔ˧˩ ta˩ ve˧ qʰa˧ pə˧ e˧˩ ɔ˧˩ qʰɔ˧ lo˧ jɔ˥˧ ma˥˧ te˧ ve˧ te˥˧ cə˧˩ kaʔ˩ ma˥˧ cɔ˧˩. jɔ˥˧ ɔ˧˩ qʰɔ lo co˧ ha˧ teʔ˩ ve˧ ɔ˧˩ cə˧˩ cɔ˧˩ ve˧ jo˧˩. Co˧ ha˧ teʔ˩ ve˧ o˥˧ ve˧ lɛ˧˩, cʰɔ˧ ja˥˧ ve˧ ɔ˧˩ ɣəʔ˥ ɔ˧˩ ɣəʔ˥ o˥˧ ve˧ lɛ˧˩, naʔ˥ hoʔ˩ ve˧ ɔ˧˩ qʰɔ˧ lo˧ ba˧ la˧ lɛ˧, naʔ˥ hoʔ˩ ve˧ lɛ˧˩ ɔ˧˩ ɣəʔ˥ tʰaʔ˩ ma˥˧ ɣa˥˧. /
O̖ ḳʉ́ pʉ̱ ṭà ka̱ʾ Tò ḳò čo̖ ta̱ ve yœ̖. Tò ḳò œ̀ ve ḡʉ̖ša gæ č̣æ̀ læ Tò ḳò œ̀ ve læ̖...

[Nortaneous]

/pʰ p b tʰ t d cʰ c ɟ kʰ k g qʰ q/ <p b bb t d dd ch zh zzh k g gg kv gv>
/f v ʃ j h ɣ/ <f w x y h hh>
/m n ŋ/ <m n ng>
/l/ <l>

/a ɛ ɔ e ə o i ɨ u/ <aa ae a e ea o i ii u>
/˧ ˩ ˧˥ ˥˧ ˧˩ ʔ˥ ʔ˩/ <a ar av af az at ap>

/ɔ˧˩ kʰɨ˧˥ pɨ˩ tʰa˥˧ kaʔ˩ Tɔ˥˧ kʰɔ˥˧ cɔ˧˩ ta˩ ve˧ jo˧˩. Tɔ˥˧ kʰɔ˥˧ o˥˧ ve˧ ɣɨ˧˩ɕa˧ gɛ˧ cʰɛ˥˧ lɛ˧ Tɔ˥˧ kʰɔ˥˧ o˥˧ ve˧ lɛ˧˩, ɣɨ˧˩ɕa˧ pʰɛʔ˩ ve˧ jo˧˩./
Az kiiv biir taaf gaap Daf kaf zhaz ve yox. Daf kaf of we hhiizxaa ggae chaef lae Daf kof of we laez, hhiizxaa paep we yoz.

[opipik]

Amele

/b t d k ɡ ɡ͡b ʔ/
/m n/
/f s h/
/l j w/

/i ɛ æ ɔ u/

/ijæ jɛh sæɡ͡bɔʔnu, bæl sæiɡɛn. dænæ æɡɛ wɛlɛ, hæidɛn sæɛnnæ ɔdi ɔdɔin. mæhæ hɛwimɛiɡ, ʔæbiɔɡ͡bæɡænnu ɡædæʔ mihɛdumɛiɡ, ʔæjæ siɡin unæni ædɔlɔiɡ. ʔæjæ siɡin ʔunuɡ ɡæbændɔʔɔbil, dænæ mɛʔæ, uɡ͡bæ bældɔʔ, uɡ͡bæ ɡ͡bæsil wælæɡdædænen, ʔæjimɛi siɡin ʔunuɡ unænɔlɔi. uɡ͡bæ ɔdi unænɛn./

[sangi39]

Amele

/b t d k ɡ ɡ͡b ʔ/ <b t d k g gb q>
/m n/ <m n>
/f s h/ <f s h>
/l j w/ <l y w>

/i ɛ æ ɔ u/ <i e a o u>

Iya yeh saɡboqnu, bal saiɡen. Dana aɡe wele, haiden saenna odi odoin. Maha hewimeiɡ, qabioɡbaɡannu ɡadaq mihedumeiɡ, qaya siɡin unani adoloiɡ. Qaya siɡin qunuɡ ɡabandoqobil, dana meqa, uɡba baldoq, uɡba ɡbasil walaɡdadanen, qajimei siɡin qunuɡ unanoloi. Uɡba odi unanen.

[opipik]

/b t d k ɡ ɡ͡b ʔ/ b t d k g gb Ꞌ
/m n/ m n
/f s h/ f s h
/l j w/ l j w

/i ɛ æ ɔ u/ i e a o u

/ijæ jɛh sæɡ͡bɔʔnu, bæl sæiɡɛn. dænæ æɡɛ wɛlɛ, hæidɛn sæɛnnæ ɔdi ɔdɔin. mæhæ hɛwimɛiɡ, ʔæbiɔɡ͡bæɡænnu ɡædæʔ mihɛdumɛiɡ, ʔæjæ siɡin unæni ædɔlɔiɡ. ʔæjæ siɡin ʔunuɡ ɡæbændɔʔɔbil, dænæ mɛʔæ, uɡ͡bæ bældɔʔ, uɡ͡bæ ɡ͡bæsil wælæɡdædænen, ʔæjimɛi siɡin ʔunuɡ unænɔlɔi. uɡ͡bæ ɔdi unænɛn./

Ija jeh sagboꞋnu, bal saigen. Dana age wele, haiden saenna odi odoin. Maha hewimeig, Ꞌabiogbagannu gadaꞋ mihedumeig, Ꞌaja sigin unani adoloig. ꞋAja sigin Ꞌunug gabandoꞋobil, dana meꞋa, ugba baldoꞋ, ugba gbasil walagdadanen, Ꞌajimei sigin Ꞌunug unanoloi. Ugba odi unanen.

[Nannalu]

/b t d k ɡ ɡ͡b ʔ/ <b t d k g gb x>
/m n/ <m n>
/f s h/ <f s h>
/l j w/ <l y w>

/i ɛ æ ɔ u/ <i e a o u>
Vʔ(C)(#) <á>

/ijæ jɛh sæɡ͡bɔʔnu, bæl sæiɡɛn. dænæ æɡɛ wɛlɛ, hæidɛn sæɛnnæ ɔdi ɔdɔin. mæhæ hɛwimɛiɡ, ʔæbiɔɡ͡bæɡænnu ɡædæʔ mihɛdumɛiɡ, ʔæjæ siɡin unæni ædɔlɔiɡ. ʔæjæ siɡin ʔunuɡ ɡæbændɔʔɔbil, dænæ mɛʔæ, uɡ͡bæ bældɔʔ, uɡ͡bæ ɡ͡bæsil wælæɡdædænen, ʔæjimɛi siɡin ʔunuɡ unænɔlɔi. uɡ͡bæ ɔdi unænɛn./
Iya yeh sagbónu, bal seigen. Dana age wele haiden saenna odi odoin. Maha hewimeig, xabiogbagannu gadá mihedumeig, xaya sigin unani adoloig. Xaya sigin xunug gabandoxobil, dana mexa, ugba baldó, ugba gbasil walagdanen xayimei sigin xunug unanoloi. Ugba odi unanen.

[communistplot]

/b t d k ɡ ɡ͡b ʔ/ p t d c g b q
/m n/ m n
/f s h/ f s h
/l j w/ l y v

/i ɛ æ ɔ u/ i e a o u

/ijæ jɛh sæɡ͡bɔʔnu, bæl sæiɡɛn. dænæ æɡɛ wɛlɛ, hæidɛn sæɛnnæ ɔdi ɔdɔin. mæhæ hɛwimɛiɡ, ʔæbiɔɡ͡bæɡænnu ɡædæʔ mihɛdumɛiɡ, ʔæjæ siɡin unæni ædɔlɔiɡ. ʔæjæ siɡin ʔunuɡ ɡæbændɔʔɔbil, dænæ mɛʔæ, uɡ͡bæ bældɔʔ, uɡ͡bæ ɡ͡bæsil wælæɡdædænen, ʔæjimɛi siɡin ʔunuɡ unænɔlɔi. uɡ͡bæ ɔdi unænɛn./

Iya yeh saboqnu, pal saigen. Dana age vele, haiden saenna odi odoin.Maha hevimeig, qapiobagannu gadaq mihedumeig, qaya sigin unani adoloig. Qaya sigin qunug gapandoqopil, dana meqa, uba paldoq, uba basil valagdadanen, qayimei sigin qunug unanoloi. Uba odi unanen.