First of, the language deals with a number of clitics which can be affixed to certain parts of speech which blur the line between derivation, inflexion and even words on their own as in various cases they can stand without a root morpheme. It can be argued that a 'past tense' is simply a derivation to a new verb which has semantics of a past tense or even that it's a compount verb with a verb that means 'to past'. The clitics can be affixed to each other creating a highly polysynthetic language. Not every clitic can be attached to every part of speech however.
Alignment
For shits and giggles, the language is an active-stative language with certain nominative-accusative elements. There are three main possible cases/verbal arguments. Nominative, stative and accusative. The language operates on a fluid-S system except that it is also marked on intransitive verbs if they take a nominative or stative argument. Verbs can be classified as being either active or stative. Active verbs take a nominative agent, stative verbs a stative one. Active verbs can of course easily be conjugated/derived to stative verbs and vice versa. Furtheremore, verbs can be transitive or intransitive depending on their maximum number of arguments. Transitive stative verbs are also called copulae and have their predicate also in the stative case.
The patient of an active verb can be either stative or accusative. Which is not marked on the verb and is often a question of semantics. An accusative verb tends to imply a completed action or a directly affected patient whereas a stative patient tends to imply an incomplete action or a patient merely used as catalyst. Sometimes this difference is translated into English, sometimes it isn't, for instance:
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man-NOM boy-ACC shoot <-> the man shoots the boy down
man-NOM boy-STAT shoot <-> the man shoots at the boy
man-NOM other man-ACC fuck <-> the man fucks with the other man
man-NOM other man-STAT fuck <-> the man fucks the other man
man-NOM pizza-ACC eat <-> the man eats the pizza
man-NOM pizza-STAT eat <-> the man eats (from) the pizza
However in German:
man-NOM pizza-ACC eat <-> der mann esst die pizza auf
man-NOM pizza-STAT eat <-> der mann esst von der pizza
Stative verbs imply actions which are actually things happening to the agent rather than the agent doing it such as falling, or floating or describe states of the agent such as 'being called' (a copula). In some cases, switching between an active or stative verb may change the meaning subtly:
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man-NOM move <-> the man moves
man-STAT move-STAT <-> the man moves (implying not by his own instrument of walking "the man is being moved")
man-NOM boy-ACC kill <-> the man kills
man-STAT boy-INSTR kill-STAT <-> the man causes the boy's death
Nominal phrases
Being that the language is extremely left branching. Dependends always precede the head noun. Noun phrases themselves may carry a number of enclitics which may derive their meaning to something new. Which can be an adverbial or adjectivial construct. As all derivations are enclitic, entire sentences can be derived to noun phrases and entire noun phrases can be derived to say adjectives. For instnace:
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man-NOM boy-ACC tree-BEHIND shoot <-> behind the tree, the man shoots the boy down
tree-BEHIND man-NOM boy-ACC tree-BEHIND shoot <-> the man behind the tree shoots the boy down
or more extensive:
NOM boy-ACC tree-BEHIND shoot-PAST-PARTICIPLE man-STAT evil deed-INSTR mourn-STAT
<-> The man [i]that[/i] shot the boy down behind the tree mourns his evil deed
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NOM boy-ACC tree-BEHIND shoot-PAST <-> the boy was shot down behind the tree
conjunctions
Conjunctions such as 'that' or 'if..then' are again marked by enclitics:
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you-NOM me-ACC strike-IF I-STAT powerful-COMP you-STAT possibly imagine can-STAT-TRANSL come-STAT-FUTURE darth-VOC
<-> If you strike me down, Darth, I will become more powerful than you can possibly imagine'
Nuance enclitics
There further exist enclitics which don't specifically alter the meaning of a sentence but apply a certain nuance which is commonly expressed in intonation in English, they can also do things like turn a declarative sentence into an interrogative one or make it out to be a wish or a polite request or even a stirn order:
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You-NOM store-DAT go-WISH <-> Would you be going to the store?
You-NOM store-DAT day-PROX-LOC-NOT go-FUT-STERN <-> You WIL not go to the store TODAY.
You-NOM-ASK store-DAT day-PROX-LOC go-FUT <-> Are YOU going to the store today? (asking if it's not someone else)