Tasarian Languages Megathread
Posted: Fri Mar 03, 2017 5:24 pm
In this thread, I'm be discussing the Tasarian languages, a Language family with a wide range in my conworld, stretching from the Kirmitite speakers in the South and the M'aillys speakers in the North. It is highly based on IRL IE.
Firstly; Proto-Tasarian Phonology:
/p pʰ b bʱ t tʰ d dʱ k kʰ g gʱ kʷ kʷʰ gʷ gʷʱ/
/s h/
/r/
/l i̯ u̯/
/i i: u u: ɛ ɔ a a:/
/r̩ l̩ m̩ n̩/
/ai ɛi ɔi/
The phonotactics are (C)(C)V(C), with the only second consonant in a cluster allowed being the glides i̯ u̯.
Nouns:
Proto-Tasarian nouns had two numbers, singular and plural, three genders, masculine and feminine and neuter, nine cases, and four declensions.
Let's look at the first the declension, the -at declension, mostly consisting of Masculines, but with some feminine family nouns included.
Example: Tas- "Man"
Singular:
Nominative: Tasar
Accusative: Tasa:r
Dative: Tasr̩
Genetive: Tasas
Locative: Tasat
Ablative: Tasadʱa
Lative: Tasɛ
Instrumental: Tasu
Vocative: Tasa:
Plural:
Nominative-Vocative: Tasai
Accusative: Tasa:i̯
Dative: Tas
Genetive: Tasais
Locative: Tasait
Ablative: Tasaidʱ
Lative: Tasɛi
Instrumental: Tasɔi
The a-declension:
This mostly consists of feminines, though there are some neuters.
Example: gʱɔira "cow"
Singular:
Nominative: gʱɔira
Accusative: gʱɔira:
Dative: gʱɔiri
Genetive: gʱɔiras
Locative: gʱɔirat
Ablative: gʱɔiradʱa
Lative: gʱɔirɛ
Instrumental: gʱɔiru
Vocative: gʱɔira
Plural:
Nominative-Vocative: gʱɔirai
Accusative: gʱɔira:i̯
Dative: gʱɔir
Genetive: gʱɔirais
Locative: gʱɔirait
Ablative: gʱɔiraidʱ
Lative: gʱɔirɛi
Instrumental: gʱɔirɔi
The -am declension: Mostly consists of neuters, though there are some masculines
Example: kʰr̩tam "Stone"
Singular:
Nominative: kʰr̩tam
Accusative: kʰr̩ta:m
Dative: kʰr̩tm̩
Genetive: kʰr̩tas
Locative: kʰr̩tat
Ablative: kʰr̩tadʱa
Lative: kʰr̩tɛ
Instrumental: kʰr̩tu
Vocative: kʰr̩ta:
Plural:
Nominative-Vocative: kʰr̩tai
Accusative: kʰr̩ta:i̯
Dative: kʰr̩t
Genetive: kʰr̩tis
Locative: kʰr̩tait
Ablative: kʰr̩taidʱ
Lative: kʰr̩tɛi
Instrumental: kʰr̩tɔi
The -al declension: mixed genders
Example:
Singular:r̩bal "wheel" m
Nominative: r̩bal
Accusative: r̩ba:l
Dative: r̩bl̩
Genetive: r̩bas
Locative: r̩bat
Ablative: r̩bad
Lative: r̩bɛ
Instrumental: r̩bu
Vocative: r̩ba:
Plural:
Nominative-Vocative: r̩balai
Accusative: r̩ba:i̯
Dative: r̩b
Genetive: r̩bis
Locative: r̩bait
Ablative: r̩baid
Lative: r̩bɛi
Instrumental: r̩bɔi
Before I post about the proto-lang's verb system, which I am still working on, I want to discusswhere I want to take the family.
First of all, I want there to be a possibility of this forming a macrofamily with m'aillys and possibly Fuheko. For the former there is the possible cognate *kʷʰn̩ar "Head" and M'allys "Pen" "head".
I want there to be a two-way division in the amily much like IE Satem/centum. There is P-Tasarian, where the labiovelars became labials, and K-Tasarian, where the labiovelars fused with the plain velars. P-Tasarian is also marked by simply turning the syllabic consonants into schwa-consonant series, while the K-Tasarian have /m̩ n̩/ become a nasal schwa. Ie. ən əm vs. ə̃. K-Tasarian will also feature /ɛ ɔ/ fusing with /a/, except in diphthongs, while P-Tasarian preserves these vowels.
Firstly; Proto-Tasarian Phonology:
/p pʰ b bʱ t tʰ d dʱ k kʰ g gʱ kʷ kʷʰ gʷ gʷʱ/
/s h/
/r/
/l i̯ u̯/
/i i: u u: ɛ ɔ a a:/
/r̩ l̩ m̩ n̩/
/ai ɛi ɔi/
The phonotactics are (C)(C)V(C), with the only second consonant in a cluster allowed being the glides i̯ u̯.
Nouns:
Proto-Tasarian nouns had two numbers, singular and plural, three genders, masculine and feminine and neuter, nine cases, and four declensions.
Let's look at the first the declension, the -at declension, mostly consisting of Masculines, but with some feminine family nouns included.
Example: Tas- "Man"
Singular:
Nominative: Tasar
Accusative: Tasa:r
Dative: Tasr̩
Genetive: Tasas
Locative: Tasat
Ablative: Tasadʱa
Lative: Tasɛ
Instrumental: Tasu
Vocative: Tasa:
Plural:
Nominative-Vocative: Tasai
Accusative: Tasa:i̯
Dative: Tas
Genetive: Tasais
Locative: Tasait
Ablative: Tasaidʱ
Lative: Tasɛi
Instrumental: Tasɔi
The a-declension:
This mostly consists of feminines, though there are some neuters.
Example: gʱɔira "cow"
Singular:
Nominative: gʱɔira
Accusative: gʱɔira:
Dative: gʱɔiri
Genetive: gʱɔiras
Locative: gʱɔirat
Ablative: gʱɔiradʱa
Lative: gʱɔirɛ
Instrumental: gʱɔiru
Vocative: gʱɔira
Plural:
Nominative-Vocative: gʱɔirai
Accusative: gʱɔira:i̯
Dative: gʱɔir
Genetive: gʱɔirais
Locative: gʱɔirait
Ablative: gʱɔiraidʱ
Lative: gʱɔirɛi
Instrumental: gʱɔirɔi
The -am declension: Mostly consists of neuters, though there are some masculines
Example: kʰr̩tam "Stone"
Singular:
Nominative: kʰr̩tam
Accusative: kʰr̩ta:m
Dative: kʰr̩tm̩
Genetive: kʰr̩tas
Locative: kʰr̩tat
Ablative: kʰr̩tadʱa
Lative: kʰr̩tɛ
Instrumental: kʰr̩tu
Vocative: kʰr̩ta:
Plural:
Nominative-Vocative: kʰr̩tai
Accusative: kʰr̩ta:i̯
Dative: kʰr̩t
Genetive: kʰr̩tis
Locative: kʰr̩tait
Ablative: kʰr̩taidʱ
Lative: kʰr̩tɛi
Instrumental: kʰr̩tɔi
The -al declension: mixed genders
Example:
Singular:r̩bal "wheel" m
Nominative: r̩bal
Accusative: r̩ba:l
Dative: r̩bl̩
Genetive: r̩bas
Locative: r̩bat
Ablative: r̩bad
Lative: r̩bɛ
Instrumental: r̩bu
Vocative: r̩ba:
Plural:
Nominative-Vocative: r̩balai
Accusative: r̩ba:i̯
Dative: r̩b
Genetive: r̩bis
Locative: r̩bait
Ablative: r̩baid
Lative: r̩bɛi
Instrumental: r̩bɔi
Before I post about the proto-lang's verb system, which I am still working on, I want to discusswhere I want to take the family.
First of all, I want there to be a possibility of this forming a macrofamily with m'aillys and possibly Fuheko. For the former there is the possible cognate *kʷʰn̩ar "Head" and M'allys "Pen" "head".
I want there to be a two-way division in the amily much like IE Satem/centum. There is P-Tasarian, where the labiovelars became labials, and K-Tasarian, where the labiovelars fused with the plain velars. P-Tasarian is also marked by simply turning the syllabic consonants into schwa-consonant series, while the K-Tasarian have /m̩ n̩/ become a nasal schwa. Ie. ən əm vs. ə̃. K-Tasarian will also feature /ɛ ɔ/ fusing with /a/, except in diphthongs, while P-Tasarian preserves these vowels.