What a great idea! Siberia is a fascinating area. I have uploaded maps of the geographic distribution of indigenous Siberian groups here:
http://imgur.com/a/MipW7
The first map is the distribution circa the 17th century, before the Russians had really expanded. The second map shows the situation around the mid 20th century.
The first map just has language
families; within each coloured area there are many different languages and groups. The second map has more details of which particular languages and groups were in which areas, as we have better documentation from that time period.
(Incidentally, the Russian expansion into Siberia mirrors very much other European colonizations of indigenous spaces like the US, Canada, Australia, and Mexico.)
Are you close to an academic library? If so, there are several general books I can recommend
Forsyth, James. 1991.
A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581-1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kolga, Margus, Igor Tõnurist, Lembit Vaba & Jüri Viikberg (eds). 2001.
The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire. Tallinn: NGO Red Book
The London-based NGO
Minority Rights Group International occassionally publishes information on particular peoples (usually relating to their oppression by a local authority), and they have done several on Siberian peoples.
For grammars and other reference texts for more detailed linguistic information on particular languages:
Abondolo, Daniel. 1998.
The Uralic languages. London: Routledge.
Bugaeva, Anna. 2004.
Grammar and folklore texts of the Chitose dialect of Ainu subtitle (idiolect of Ito Oda). Osaka: ELPR.
De Reuse, Willem Joseph. 1988.
Studies in Siberian Yupik Eskimo morphology and syntax. The University of Texas in Austin PhD Dissertation.
Dunn, Michael John. 1999.
A grammar of Chukchi. Australian National University PhD Dissertation. Canberra: Australian National University.
Gruzdeva, Ekaterina. 1998.
Nivkh. München: Lincom Europa.
Harrison, Kevin David. 2000.
Topics in the phonology and morphology of Tuvan. Yale University PhD Dissertation.
Janhunen, Juha (ed.). 2003.
The Mongolic languages. London: Routledge.
Johanson, Lars & Csato, Eva (ed.).
The Turkic languages. London: Routledge.
Körtvély, Erika (2005). Verb Conjugation in Tundra Nenets.
Studia Uralo-altaica, 46. Szeged: Benjamins.
Künnap, Ago. 1999.
Kamass. München: LINCOM.
Maslova E. 2003.
A grammar of Kolyma Yukaghir. (Mouton Grammar Library 26). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Nedjalkov, Igor. 1997.
Evenki / London : Routledge, xxii, 344 p. ; 24 cm. Series: Descriptive grammars
Nikolaeva, Irina & Tolskaya, Maria. 2001.
A grammar of Udihe. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Patrie, James. 1982.
The genetic relationship of the Ainu language / Honolulu : University Press of Hawaii. Series: Oceanic linguistics special publication ; no. 17
Poppe, N. N. 1960.
Buriat grammar / Bloomington : Indiana University. 129 p. ; 22 cm. Series: Uralic and Altaic series ; v. 2
Riese, Timothy. 2001.
Vogul / München : Lincom Europa. 87 p. ; 21 cm. Series: Languages of the world. Materials 158.
Salminen, Tapani. 1997.
Tundra Nenets inflection. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.
Salminen, Tapani. 1998.
A Morphological Dictionary of Tundra Nenets. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.
Shibatani, Masayoshi. 1990.
The languages of Japan / Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
Vajda, Edward J. 2004.
Ket / Muenchen : Lincom Europa. Vi, 99 p : 21 cm. Series: Languages of the World. Materials v.204
(Apologies for the inconsistent citation style!)
There are also some academics who post a lot of their materials online, for example:
http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/ling.html
http://ling.uni-konstanz.de/pages/home/ ... index.html
If you can read Russian, there's also a lot of Soviet-era documentation of indigenous languages. A note of caution, however: while in English, "Siberia" refers to everything east of the Urals, the Russian term
sibir' apparently excludes the easternmost reaches, which have a separate designation.