Single-phoneme "and"
Single-phoneme "and"
Is there any language in which the word for "and" is /u/? It's easy to find examples for the other four principal vowels.
For that matter, are there any other words which are /i/, /e/, /a/, /o/, and /u/ in various languages?
For that matter, are there any other words which are /i/, /e/, /a/, /o/, and /u/ in various languages?
Zompist's Markov generator wrote:it was labelled" orange marmalade," but that is unutterably hideous.
Re: Single-phoneme "and"
Wiktionary says that Maltese is one example:
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/u#Maltese
It maybe mutates depending on surrounding phonemes, but I'd still say that if it's /u/ in bare form, then it's a winner.
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/u#Maltese
It maybe mutates depending on surrounding phonemes, but I'd still say that if it's /u/ in bare form, then it's a winner.
Sunàqʷa the Sea Lamprey says:
Re: Single-phoneme "and"
Syrian Arabic and lots of other Arabic dialects.
كان يا ما كان / يا صمت العشية / قمري هاجر في الصبح بعيدا / في العيون العسلية
tà yi póbo tsùtsùr ciivà dè!
short texts in Cuhbi
Risha Cuhbi grammar
tà yi póbo tsùtsùr ciivà dè!
short texts in Cuhbi
Risha Cuhbi grammar
Re: Single-phoneme "and"
Probably the other simple conjunctions. I'll start you off withalice wrote:For that matter, are there any other words which are /i/, /e/, /a/, /o/, and /u/ in various languages?
/a/ - Russian but
/e/ - Aromanian and/or/but
/o/ - Spanish or
/u/ - Portuguese or
Or maybe 'one'.
a - Luwian, Dzorgai Qiang
e - Bijiang Bai
i - Harzani, Hmong, Mandarin
u - Valencian, Makasai
Sadly, no /o/. But as a bonus:
ɨ - Northern Li
ɯ - Qi
å - Thayetmo
Re: Single-phoneme "and"
Bulgarian uses five out of its six vowels as standalone words, and the sixth as interjection:
/a/ - and, but
/ɔ/ - at (archaic); oh!
/u/ - in (for animate nouns)
/ɛ/ - is (be.3.SG.PRS)
/i/ - and
/ɤ/ - huh?; well...
but there's more:
/f/ - in (or /v/, I'm sure it could be analysed as either)
/s/ - with
/ʃ/ - FUT= (very marked, only in quite colloquial and fast speech)
/a/ - and, but
/ɔ/ - at (archaic); oh!
/u/ - in (for animate nouns)
/ɛ/ - is (be.3.SG.PRS)
/i/ - and
/ɤ/ - huh?; well...
but there's more:
/f/ - in (or /v/, I'm sure it could be analysed as either)
/s/ - with
/ʃ/ - FUT= (very marked, only in quite colloquial and fast speech)
Re: Single-phoneme "and"
Moroccan Arabic's word for 'and', which varies between [o] and .
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Re: Single-phoneme "and"
Japanese:alice wrote:For that matter, are there any other words which are /i/, /e/, /a/, /o/, and /u/ in various languages?
胃 i stomach
鵜 u cormorant
絵 e picture, へ e to; toward
尾 o tail (not used so much), を o accusative particle
Re: Single-phoneme "and"
Taiwanese
i - heal
e - shoe
a - crow
o - black
u - have
i - heal
e - shoe
a - crow
o - black
u - have
Re: Single-phoneme "and"
Aaaargh!!! I'll rephrase the question as I really meant it:
Are there any *individual* words (perhaps "lexemes"?) which are *each of* /i/, /e/, /a/, /o/, and /u/ in various languages? So if "cormorant " is /a/ in no language, it doesn't count.
Are there any *individual* words (perhaps "lexemes"?) which are *each of* /i/, /e/, /a/, /o/, and /u/ in various languages? So if "cormorant " is /a/ in no language, it doesn't count.
Zompist's Markov generator wrote:it was labelled" orange marmalade," but that is unutterably hideous.
Re: Single-phoneme "and"
I've never heard of this language, and googling it is proving difficult (some quick and dirty research indicates it's possibly a dialect of this language: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C3%B6_language, is that right?). Do you happen to know how they came to use <å>, and what vowel it represents?zompist wrote:å - Thayetmo
I think I got you. Let me see if I remember how to logic:alice wrote:Aaaargh!!! I'll rephrase the question as I really meant it:
Are there any *individual* words (perhaps "lexemes"?) which are *each of* /i/, /e/, /a/, /o/, and /u/ in various languages? So if "cormorant " is /a/ in no language, it doesn't count.
V={a,e,i,o,u}
L=a language
W=a word
Alice's Universal Vowel Word Conjecture: ∃W. ∀V. ∃L. W∈L ∧ W∈V
Or in English: Does there exist a word such that for all the vowels a/e/i/o/u there exists a language where that word is that vowel?
Re: Single-phoneme "and"
Yes, that's it. Wherever I have å in my numbers list, it's likely to come from Grierson's Survey of India, and represents [ɔ].Magb wrote:I've never heard of this language, and googling it is proving difficult (some quick and dirty research indicates it's possibly a dialect of this language: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C3%B6_language, is that right?). Do you happen to know how they came to use <å>, and what vowel it represents?zompist wrote:å - Thayetmo
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Re: Single-phoneme "and"
Spanish:
a - to, towards
e - allomorph of y 'and' (used before a word starting with /i/: padres e hijos /"pad4es e "ixos/)
i - 'go!' (Central American dialectal imperative of ir 'to go')
y /i/ - and
o - or
u - allomorph of o 'or' (used before a word starting with /o/: siete u ocho /"sjete u "otSo/)
a - to, towards
e - allomorph of y 'and' (used before a word starting with /i/: padres e hijos /"pad4es e "ixos/)
i - 'go!' (Central American dialectal imperative of ir 'to go')
y /i/ - and
o - or
u - allomorph of o 'or' (used before a word starting with /o/: siete u ocho /"sjete u "otSo/)
Re: Single-phoneme "and"
to/toward:
a: various Romance
e: Japanese, Korean
i: Welsh, Samoan, Hawaiian
o: ??
u: Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian
Anyone know one for o?
a: various Romance
e: Japanese, Korean
i: Welsh, Samoan, Hawaiian
o: ??
u: Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian
Anyone know one for o?
Re: Single-phoneme "and"
In a pinch, we could count French au here ("to" plus male article)...clawgrip wrote:to/toward:
Anyone know one for o?
Re: Single-phoneme "and"
Yes, I was thinking that...since au is "to the" it is sort of acceptable and sort of not.
Re: Single-phoneme "and"
Scandinavian languages have /O/ for "and". Norwegian, Danish and Icelandic spell it <og>, and Swedish spells it <och>.
Anyone know of a language with a single consonant phoneme for "and"? Say /m/ or /n/?
Anyone know of a language with a single consonant phoneme for "and"? Say /m/ or /n/?
[i]Linguistics will become a science when linguists begin standing on one another's shoulders instead of on one another's toes.[/i]
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[i]Málin eru höfuðeinkenni þjóðanna.[/i]
—Séra Tómas Sæmundsson
—Stephen R. Anderson
[i]Málin eru höfuðeinkenni þjóðanna.[/i]
—Séra Tómas Sæmundsson
Re: Single-phoneme "and"
Colloquial American English uses /n/ for conjunction. To the point where it's in the names of restaurants: "Steak 'n Shake", "In 'n Out Burger", or music genres: "rock 'n' roll".
Re: Single-phoneme "and"
Welsh has:
a /a/ - and
â /aː/ - with/by means of
y /ə/ - the
i /iː/ - to/for
e /eː/ - he
o /ɔ/ - he/from/of
Although some of these have alternate forms too.
a /a/ - and
â /aː/ - with/by means of
y /ə/ - the
i /iː/ - to/for
e /eː/ - he
o /ɔ/ - he/from/of
Although some of these have alternate forms too.
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