Polypersonal marking in different languages

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Trebor
Lebom
Lebom
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Polypersonal marking in different languages

Post by Trebor »

I would like this thread to serve as a repository of information on polypersonal agreement in different languages, to which linguophiles and conlangers alike can refer.

Full paradigms of intransitive, transitive, ditransitive, reflexive/reciprocal, benefactive, applicative, and related verbs are all suitable here, covering all the different combinations of person, number, gender/noun class, tense/aspect/mood/evidentiality/voice (where divergent patterns are followed), and other such categories.

Here are possible examples:

Intransitive

I fell.
We fell.
We three fell.
Three of us fell.
Neither of us fell.
None of us fell.

You fell.
You all fell.
You and I fell.
You and John fell.
You and they fell.
You or I fell.
You or John fell.
You or they fell.
Neither you nor I fell.
Neither you nor John fell.
Neither you nor they fell.
You three fell.
Three of you fell.
Neither of you all fell.
None of you all fell.

He/she fell.
They fell.
He/she and I fell.
He/she and John fell.
He/she and they fell.
He/she or I fell.
He/she or John fell.
He/she or they fell.
Neither he/she nor I fell.
Neither he/she nor John fell.
Neither he/she nor they fell.
?They three fell.
Three of them fell.

I spoke.
We spoke.

You spoke.
You all spoke.

He/she spoke.
They spoke.

Intransitive plus dative and reflexive/reciprocal

I spoke to myself.
I spoke to you.
I spoke to you all.
I spoke to him/her.
I spoke to them.
We spoke to ourselves/each other.
We spoke to you.
We spoke to you all.
We spoke to him/her.
We spoke to them.

You spoke to me.
You spoke to us.
You spoke to yourself.
You spoke to him/her.
You spoke to them.
You all spoke to me.
You all spoke to us.
You all spoke to yourselves/each other.
You all spoke to him/her.
You all spoke to them.

He/she spoke to me.
He/she spoke to us.
He/she spoke to you.
He/she spoke to you all.
He/she spoke to himself/herself.
He/she spoke to him/her.
He/she spoke to them.
They spoke to me.
They spoke to us.
They spoke to you.
They spoke to you all.
They spoke to himself/herself.
They spoke to themselves/each other.
They spoke to them.

Intransitive plus benefactive/applicative and reflexive/reciprocal

I spoke for (on behalf of) myself.
I spoke for you.
I spoke for you all.
I spoke for him/her.
I spoke for them.
We spoke for ourselves/each other.
We spoke for you.
We spoke for you all.
We spoke for him/her.
We spoke for him/her.
We spoke for them.

You spoke for me.
You spoke for us.
You spoke for yourself.
You spoke for him/her.
You spoke for them.
You all spoke for me.
You all spoke for us.
You all spoke for yourselves/each other.
You all spoke for him/her.
You all spoke for them.

He/she spoke for me.
He/she spoke for us.
He/she spoke for you.
He/she spoke for you all.
He/she spoke for himself/herself.
He/she spoke for him/her.
He/she spoke for them.
They spoke for me.
They spoke for us.
They spoke for you.
They spoke for you all.
They spoke for him/her.
They spoke for themselves/each other.
They spoke for them.

Intransitive plus locative

I fell onto you.
I fell onto you all.
I fell onto it (a box on the floor).
I fell onto them (boxes on the floor).
We fell onto you.
We fell onto you all.
We fell onto it.
We fell onto them.

You fell onto me.
You fell onto us.
You fell onto it.
You fell onto them.
You all fell onto me.
You all fell onto us.
You all fell onto it.
You all fell onto them.

He/she fell onto me.
He/she fell onto us.
He/she fell onto you.
He/she fell onto you all.
He/she fell onto it.
He/she fell onto them.
They fell onto me.
They fell onto us.
They fell onto you.
They fell onto you all.
They fell onto it.
They fell onto them.

Transitive

I bought you (e.g., out of slavery/captivity).
I bought you all.
I bought it.
I bought them.
We bought you.
We bought you all.
We bought him/her.
We bought them.

You bought me.
You bought us.
You bought him/her.
You bought them.
You all bought me.
You all bought us.
You all bought him/her.
You all bought them.

He/she bought me.
He/she bought us.
He/she bought you.
He/she bought you all.
He/she bought him/her.
He/she bought them.
They bought me.
They bought us.
They bought you.
They bought you all.
They bought him/her.
They bought them.

Transitive and reflexive/reciprocal

I saw myself (in the mirror).
I saw you.
I saw you all.
I saw him/her.
I saw them.
We saw ourselves/each other.
We saw you.
We saw you all.
We saw him/her.
We saw them.

You saw me.
You saw us.
You saw yourself.
You saw him/her.
You saw them.
You all saw me.
You all saw us.
You all saw yourselves/each other.
You all saw him/her.
You all saw them.

He/she saw me.
He/she saw us.
He/she saw you.
He/she saw you all.
He/she saw himself/herself.
He/she saw him/her.
He/she saw them.
They saw me.
They saw us.
They saw you.
They saw you all.
They saw him/her.
They saw themselves/each other.
They saw them.

Transitive and applicative/benefactive plus reflexive/reciprocal

I bought you for myself.
I bought you for him/her.
I bought you for them.
I bought you all for myself.
I bought you all for him/her.
I bought you all for them.
I bought it for myself.
I bought it for you.
I bought it for you all.
I bought it for him/her.
I bought it for them.
I bought them for myself.
I bought them for you.
I bought them for you all.
I bought them for him/her.
I bought them for them.
We bought you for ourselves/each other.
We bought you for him/her.
We bought you for them.
We bought you all for myself.
We bought you all for him/her.
We bought you all for them.
We bought it for myself.
We bought it for you.
We bought it for you all.
We bought it for him/her.
We bought it for them.
We bought them for myself.
We bought them for you.
We bought them for you all.
We bought them for him/her.
We bought them for them.

You bought me for yourself.
You bought me for him/her.
You bought me for them.
You bought us for yourself.
You bought us for him/her.
You bought us for them.
You bought it for me.
You bought it for us.
You bought it for him/her.
You bought it for them.
You bought them for him/her.
You bought them for them.
You all bought me for yourselves/each other.
You all bought me for him/her.
You all bought me for them.
You all bought us for yourselves/each other.
You all bought us for him/her.
You all bought us for them.
You all bought it for yourselves/each other.
You all bought it for him/her.
You all bought it for them.
You all bought them for yourselves/each other.
You all bought them for him/her.
You all bought them for them.

He/she bought me for you.
He/she bought me for you all.
He/she bought me for himself/herself.
He/she bought me for him/her.
He/she bought me for them.
He/she bought us for you.
He/she bought us for you all.
He/she bought us for himself/herself.
He/she bought us for him/her.
He/she bought us for them.
He/she bought you for me.
He/she bought you for us.
He/she bought you for himself/herself.
He/she bought you for him/her.
He/she bought you for them.
He/she bought you all for me.
He/she bought you all for us.
He/she bought you all for himself/herself.
He/she bought you all for him/her.
He/she bought you all for them.
He/she bought it for me.
He/she bought it for us.
He/she bought it for you.
He/she bought it for you all.
He/she bought it for himself/herself.
He/she bought it for him/her.
He/she bought it for them.
He/she bought them for me.
He/she bought them for us.
He/she bought them for you.
He/she bought them for you all.
He/she bought them for himself/herself.
He/she bought them for him/her.
He/she bought them for them.
They bought me for you.
They bought me for you all.
They bought me for him/her.
They bought me for themselves/each other.
They bought me for them.
They bought us for you.
They bought us for you all.
They bought us for him/her.
They bought us for themselves/each other.
They bought us for them.
They bought you for me.
They bought you for us.
They bought you for him/her.
They bought you for themselves/each other.
They bought you for them.
They bought you all for me.
They bought you all for us.
They bought you all for him/her.
They bought you all for yourselves/each other.
They bought you all for them.
They bought it for me.
They bought it for us.
They bought it for you.
They bought it for you all.
They bought it for him/her.
They bought it for themselves/each other.
They bought it for them.
They bought them for me.
They bought them for us.
They bought them for you.
They bought them for you all.
They bought them for him/her.
They bought them for themselves/each other.
They bought them for them.

Ditransitive

I sent you to him/her.
I sent you to them.
I sent you all to him/her.
I sent you all to them.
I sent it to you.
I sent it to you all.
I sent it to him/her.
I sent it to them.
I sent them to you.
I sent them to you all.
I sent them to him/her.
I sent them to them.
We sent you to him/her.
We sent you to them.
We sent you all to him/her.
We sent you all to them.
We sent it to you.
We sent it to you all.
We sent it to him/her.
We sent it to them.
We sent them to you.
We sent them to you all.
We sent them to him/her.
We sent them to them.

You sent me to him/her.
You sent me to them.
You sent us to him/her.
You sent us to them.
You sent it to me.
You sent it to us.
You sent them to me.
You sent them to us.
You sent it to him/her.
You sent it to them.
You sent them to him/her.
You sent them to them.
You all sent me to him/her.
You all sent me to them.
You all sent us to him/her.
You all sent us to them.
You all sent it to me.
You all sent it to us.
You all sent them to me.
You all sent them to us.
You all sent it to him/her.
You all sent it to them.
You all sent them to him/her.
You all sent them to them.

He/she sent me to him/her.
He/she sent me to them.
He/she sent us to him/her.
He/she sent us to them.
He/she sent you to him/her.
He/she sent you to them.
He/she sent you all to him/her.
He/she sent you all to them.
He/she sent it to me.
He/she sent it to us.
He/she sent them to me.
He/she sent them to us.
He/she sent it to you.
He/she sent it to you all.
He/she sent them to you.
He/she sent them to you all.
He/she sent it to him/her.
He/she sent it to them.
He/she sent them to him/her.
He/she sent them to them.
They sent me to you.
They sent me to you all.
They sent me to him/her.
They sent me to them.
They sent us to you.
They sent us to you all.
They sent us to him/her.
They sent us to them.
They sent you to me.
They sent you to us.
They sent you to him/her.
They sent you to them.
They sent you all to me.
They sent you all to us.
They sent you all to him/her.
They sent you all to them.
They sent it to him/her.
They sent it to them.
They sent them to him/her.
They sent them to them.

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