Post your conlang's phonology
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Does Mandarin count? I've seen <h> described as /h/ plenty of times but I think it's more like /x/.
Also Georgian's non-ejective stops are aspirated and /h/ only appears in a few native words (not counting where it appears in the 2S.SUBJ affix sometimes).
Also Georgian's non-ejective stops are aspirated and /h/ only appears in a few native words (not counting where it appears in the 2S.SUBJ affix sometimes).
Last edited by ---- on Thu Oct 31, 2013 12:02 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
According to Wikipedia, /jáːjo/ 'mother'.Nortaneous wrote:nah it's fine. dahalo doesn't have /j/ outside one word
I have been told that in Classical Arabic, the sound /ɫ/ occurs only in the word Allah and derivatives thereof. That makes it God's Own Phoneme!
...brought to you by the Weeping Elf
Tha cvastam émi cvastam santham amal phelsa. -- Friedrich Schiller
ESTAR-3SG:P human-OBJ only human-OBJ true-OBJ REL-LOC play-3SG:A
Tha cvastam émi cvastam santham amal phelsa. -- Friedrich Schiller
ESTAR-3SG:P human-OBJ only human-OBJ true-OBJ REL-LOC play-3SG:A
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Correction: there are no native Georgian words with /h/ except where it occurs as one of the allomorphs of the third person indirect object marker. And even then not a lot of people even pronounce it. You're thinking /x/, which marks second person subjects in a handful of very irregular verbs.Theta wrote:Also Georgian's non-ejective stops are aspirated and /h/ only appears in a few native words (not counting where it appears in the 2S.SUBJ affix sometimes).
I don't think it's unusual at all to have aspirates and no /h/.
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
That is probably what I was thinking of because I was just going off memory and totally didn't even check.
Navajo is another interesting example because it definitely has aspirates but /h/ is pronounced [x] (plus secondary articulations depending on the vowel) everywhere except apparently the prefix ha~ho- and word finally. This seems like something that would vary across dialects but it definitely works that way for speakers that I've listened to.
Navajo is another interesting example because it definitely has aspirates but /h/ is pronounced [x] (plus secondary articulations depending on the vowel) everywhere except apparently the prefix ha~ho- and word finally. This seems like something that would vary across dialects but it definitely works that way for speakers that I've listened to.
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Mandarin used to have only [x] but by now [x] [h] are pretty much in free variation for whichever phoneme <h> is.Theta wrote:Does Mandarin count? I've seen <h> described as /h/ plenty of times but I think it's more like /x/.
陳第 wrote:蓋時有古今,地有南北;字有更革,音有轉移,亦勢所必至。
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Dialect of Something or Another: Because clicks are too scary to implement more fully.
<m n ng>
m n ŋ
<t d k g>
ʇʰ~ʗʰ~tʰ (ǀʰ~ǁʰ~tʰ) ʇ̬~ʗ̬~d (ǀ̬~ǁ̬~d) ʔ~kʰ ʀ~g
<s h>
s~θ ʃ x~h
<c cs>
ts~tθ~θ tʃ
<w r y>
ʋ l~ɹ j
<duh>
l
<a i o u>
ɑ i o ɯ
ɑɑ ii oo ɯɯ ɑi ɑo ɑɯ oy
Tones are low <ma> , high <má> , and "clear" <mä>; tones on syllables with two vowels may include rising <maá> and falling <máa>.
Syllable/word structure is CV(V/C). ma, maa, mai, man
?????????
<oi> is all rounded [oy] - related to that, <aɯ> and <ai> are almost allophones now.
<r> is only pronounced [ɹ] word-finally, unless the word also begins with <r>; mar [maɹ], ram [lam], rar [ɹaɹ]
[tʰ] is more common in very fast speech and onomatopoeia; very uncommon in short utterances and interjections; more common with clear tone.
Same for [kʰ].
Terminal [tʰ d kʰ g] are unreleased in fast/proper speech; slowly/casually they are [s n h ŋ]. They also tend to make the preceding vowel very short.
"Clear" syllables do a few different things -
Clear vowels after voiced consonants are pronounced low, and devoice that consonant -- <mä> [m̊a˩]
...this devoicing also includes the vowel if there is a voiced consonant after it -- <mäm> [m̊åm˩]
Fully-clear diphthongs or long vowels are voiceless; tone is pronounced only on the consonant (it is not specifically high or low); if the consonant is voiceless, the whole word is -- <mäï> [mː˩åi̊], <täï> [tåi̊]
High-clear and low-clear long vowels and diphthongs pronounce tone in the second vowel, the first is voiceless, and typically a bit longer -- täí [tåːi˥]
There is also a tendency to insert [h] after the consonant, or to amplify aspiration; <mä> [m̊ha˩], <mäm> [m̊håm˩], <mäï> [mː˩hːåi̊], <käï> [kʰåi̊]
Also, any non-voiceless vowel in a clear syllable is breathy. I think. I'm still working on this part.
<m n ng>
m n ŋ
<t d k g>
ʇʰ~ʗʰ~tʰ (ǀʰ~ǁʰ~tʰ) ʇ̬~ʗ̬~d (ǀ̬~ǁ̬~d) ʔ~kʰ ʀ~g
<s h>
s~θ ʃ x~h
<c cs>
ts~tθ~θ tʃ
<w r y>
ʋ l~ɹ j
<duh>
l
<a i o u>
ɑ i o ɯ
ɑɑ ii oo ɯɯ ɑi ɑo ɑɯ oy
Tones are low <ma> , high <má> , and "clear" <mä>; tones on syllables with two vowels may include rising <maá> and falling <máa>.
Syllable/word structure is CV(V/C). ma, maa, mai, man
?????????
<oi> is all rounded [oy] - related to that, <aɯ> and <ai> are almost allophones now.
<r> is only pronounced [ɹ] word-finally, unless the word also begins with <r>; mar [maɹ], ram [lam], rar [ɹaɹ]
[tʰ] is more common in very fast speech and onomatopoeia; very uncommon in short utterances and interjections; more common with clear tone.
Same for [kʰ].
Terminal [tʰ d kʰ g] are unreleased in fast/proper speech; slowly/casually they are [s n h ŋ]. They also tend to make the preceding vowel very short.
"Clear" syllables do a few different things -
Clear vowels after voiced consonants are pronounced low, and devoice that consonant -- <mä> [m̊a˩]
...this devoicing also includes the vowel if there is a voiced consonant after it -- <mäm> [m̊åm˩]
Fully-clear diphthongs or long vowels are voiceless; tone is pronounced only on the consonant (it is not specifically high or low); if the consonant is voiceless, the whole word is -- <mäï> [mː˩åi̊], <täï> [tåi̊]
High-clear and low-clear long vowels and diphthongs pronounce tone in the second vowel, the first is voiceless, and typically a bit longer -- täí [tåːi˥]
There is also a tendency to insert [h] after the consonant, or to amplify aspiration; <mä> [m̊ha˩], <mäm> [m̊håm˩], <mäï> [mː˩hːåi̊], <käï> [kʰåi̊]
Also, any non-voiceless vowel in a clear syllable is breathy. I think. I'm still working on this part.
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Clicks as allophones of stops! An interesting idea.
...brought to you by the Weeping Elf
Tha cvastam émi cvastam santham amal phelsa. -- Friedrich Schiller
ESTAR-3SG:P human-OBJ only human-OBJ true-OBJ REL-LOC play-3SG:A
Tha cvastam émi cvastam santham amal phelsa. -- Friedrich Schiller
ESTAR-3SG:P human-OBJ only human-OBJ true-OBJ REL-LOC play-3SG:A
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
This one is perhaps not the most realistic phonology you'll see.
Proto-Oeg:
<m f d n g q>
/m ɱ n̪ n ŋ ɴ/
<p t k c>
/p~pʼ t~tʼ kʼ ʔ/
<l j v>
/l j w/
<i u w>
/i y u/
<e eu y eo o>
/e ø ɘ ɵ o/
<yu yo ao>
/ø̞ ɵ̞ ɤ/
<ae oe yw aw>
/ɛ œ ɞ ɔ/
<a aa>
/a ɑ/
Tones (according to the major pentatonic scale):
1 : a˩ <ǎ>
2 : a˨ <à>
3 : a˧ <ā>
4 : a˦ <á>
5 : a˥ <â>
Phonotactics:
Any word is comprised of only one syllable of the forms
(C)(C)V(T)(C) or
(C)V(T)(C)(C)
where T = one of five tones
Allowed onsets:
C = all except /l/
V = all according to the rules given below
Allowed vowels:
VT = all vowels except /ɔ ɞ ø̞ ɘ/ (except in the pattern CCVTC)
V = /ɔ,ɞ,ø̞,ɘ,a/ (except in certain words)
Allowed clusters:
Onset clusters: Nasal clusters (excluding geminating clusters), C + /l/ and /ŋkʼ/
Coda clusters: Nasal + /kʼ/ and geminated endings
Allowed endings:
C = /m, n̪, n, ŋ, kʼ, t, l/
V = all according to the rules given above
Proto-Oeg:
<m f d n g q>
/m ɱ n̪ n ŋ ɴ/
<p t k c>
/p~pʼ t~tʼ kʼ ʔ/
<l j v>
/l j w/
<i u w>
/i y u/
<e eu y eo o>
/e ø ɘ ɵ o/
<yu yo ao>
/ø̞ ɵ̞ ɤ/
<ae oe yw aw>
/ɛ œ ɞ ɔ/
<a aa>
/a ɑ/
Tones (according to the major pentatonic scale):
1 : a˩ <ǎ>
2 : a˨ <à>
3 : a˧ <ā>
4 : a˦ <á>
5 : a˥ <â>
Phonotactics:
Any word is comprised of only one syllable of the forms
(C)(C)V(T)(C) or
(C)V(T)(C)(C)
where T = one of five tones
Allowed onsets:
C = all except /l/
V = all according to the rules given below
Allowed vowels:
VT = all vowels except /ɔ ɞ ø̞ ɘ/ (except in the pattern CCVTC)
V = /ɔ,ɞ,ø̞,ɘ,a/ (except in certain words)
Allowed clusters:
Onset clusters: Nasal clusters (excluding geminating clusters), C + /l/ and /ŋkʼ/
Coda clusters: Nasal + /kʼ/ and geminated endings
Allowed endings:
C = /m, n̪, n, ŋ, kʼ, t, l/
V = all according to the rules given above
Native: English || Pretty decent: Ancient Greek || Alright: Ancient Hebrew || Eh: Welsh || Basic: Mandarin Chinese || Very basic: French, Latin, Nisuese, Apsish
Conlangs: Nisuese, Apsish, Kaptaran, Pseudo-Ligurian
Conlangs: Nisuese, Apsish, Kaptaran, Pseudo-Ligurian
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
This is my current project, code named "Fantasy Language, Quite Anglo-Germanic" (FLQAG)
Though, when I was working out the syntax (link), it turned out to be less Anglo-Germanic than I thought it would be.
Code: Select all
Phonology
Consonants
/m n/ <m n>
/pʰ p tʰ t kʰ k/ <p b t d k g>
/f v θ ð s z ʦ ç~h/ <f v þ ð ſ(s_#) s z h>
/ɾ~ɹ l/ <r l>
/j w/ <j w>
Vowels
/aː~ɑː æ eː ɛ iː ɪ oː~ɒː ɔ uː ʊ/ <a æ é e í i ó o ú u>
/aɪː~aeː~aɛ aʊː oɪː~oeː~oɛ/ <aí aú oí>
Syllable structure
(C)(r|l|j|w)V(r|l)(C)
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
This is for my current nameless project.
Consonants: /n p t k q ʔ h j/ <n p t k c ' h y>
Vowels : /i u ɑ ɛ/ <i u a e>
Consonants: /n p t k q ʔ h j/ <n p t k c ' h y>
Vowels : /i u ɑ ɛ/ <i u a e>
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
I've been trying to revive Nizhmel. It's current phoneme inventory looks like this:
1. Onsets
Aspirated plosives: /pʰ tʰ ʦʰ~ʧʰ kʰ/ <ph th ch kh>
Tenuis plosives: /p t ʦ~ʧ k/ <p t c k>
Voiced plosives: /b d ʣ~ʤ g/ <b d j g>
Voiceless fricatives: /f s ʃ x~h/ <f s sh h>
Voiced fricatives: /v z ʒ/ <v z zh>
Nasals: /m n/ <m n>
Liquids: /l r/ <l r>
2. Nuclei
/i e ɛ a ɜ ɔ o u/ <i ê e a â o ô u>
3. Codas
Plosives: /p̚ t̚ k~ʔ̚/
Nasals: /m n/
Voiceless fricatives: /s ʃ/
Voiced fricatives: /z ʒ/
Liquids: /l r/
Each syllable has an optional onset, a nucleus, and an optional coda.
Vowels are long in open syllables.
Primary stress falls on the first syllable in a word, secondary on every odd syllable.
Stressed syllables may take a creaky voice or low tone, which is optionally marked by a dot below: /ạ ẹ/ etc. I have not really decided on the exact phonetic realisation of this little feature yet. Maybe it'll be a creaky voiced dipping tone, or maybe a plain low tone.
My favourite word is thinsêlmekunêp [ˈtʰinselˌmɛkuːˌnep̚] - "dishwasher.INSTR"
1. Onsets
Aspirated plosives: /pʰ tʰ ʦʰ~ʧʰ kʰ/ <ph th ch kh>
Tenuis plosives: /p t ʦ~ʧ k/ <p t c k>
Voiced plosives: /b d ʣ~ʤ g/ <b d j g>
Voiceless fricatives: /f s ʃ x~h/ <f s sh h>
Voiced fricatives: /v z ʒ/ <v z zh>
Nasals: /m n/ <m n>
Liquids: /l r/ <l r>
2. Nuclei
/i e ɛ a ɜ ɔ o u/ <i ê e a â o ô u>
3. Codas
Plosives: /p̚ t̚ k~ʔ̚/
Nasals: /m n/
Voiceless fricatives: /s ʃ/
Voiced fricatives: /z ʒ/
Liquids: /l r/
Each syllable has an optional onset, a nucleus, and an optional coda.
Vowels are long in open syllables.
Primary stress falls on the first syllable in a word, secondary on every odd syllable.
Stressed syllables may take a creaky voice or low tone, which is optionally marked by a dot below: /ạ ẹ/ etc. I have not really decided on the exact phonetic realisation of this little feature yet. Maybe it'll be a creaky voiced dipping tone, or maybe a plain low tone.
My favourite word is thinsêlmekunêp [ˈtʰinselˌmɛkuːˌnep̚] - "dishwasher.INSTR"
- WeepingElf
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Why don't you transcribe /q/ as <q>?Genome wrote:This is for my current nameless project.
Consonants: /n p t k q ʔ h j/ <n p t k c ' h y>
Vowels : /i u ɑ ɛ/ <i u a e>
...brought to you by the Weeping Elf
Tha cvastam émi cvastam santham amal phelsa. -- Friedrich Schiller
ESTAR-3SG:P human-OBJ only human-OBJ true-OBJ REL-LOC play-3SG:A
Tha cvastam émi cvastam santham amal phelsa. -- Friedrich Schiller
ESTAR-3SG:P human-OBJ only human-OBJ true-OBJ REL-LOC play-3SG:A
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
I really don't know.
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
I'm working on a lang with similarly small inventory, and am also using <c> for /q/.Genome wrote:This is for my current nameless project.
Consonants: /n p t k q ʔ h j/ <n p t k c ' h y>
Vowels : /i u ɑ ɛ/ <i u a e>
I like this. I'm probably going to have to fight the urge to start a dialect now.
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
what's the smallest natlang inventory to have /q/?
edit: upsid says chukchi, with 14
/p t k q ʔ/
/β ɬ ç ɣ/
/m n ŋ/
/ɹ j/
also: abipon, with 15
/p t tʃ k q/
/ɣ ʁ h/
/m n ɲ/
/l r j w/
and achumawi, again with 15 though wikipedia disagrees and upsid is usually wrong
/p t dʒ k q ʔ/
/s ʃ x χ h/
/m n/
/l r j w/
edit: upsid says chukchi, with 14
/p t k q ʔ/
/β ɬ ç ɣ/
/m n ŋ/
/ɹ j/
also: abipon, with 15
/p t tʃ k q/
/ɣ ʁ h/
/m n ɲ/
/l r j w/
and achumawi, again with 15 though wikipedia disagrees and upsid is usually wrong
/p t dʒ k q ʔ/
/s ʃ x χ h/
/m n/
/l r j w/
Siöö jandeng raiglin zåbei tandiüłåd;
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Not counting allophones/geminates, I'm pretty sure that Kalaallisut also has just 14 consonant phonemes:
/p t k q/
/v s ɣ ʁ/
/m n ŋ ɴ/
/l j/
Although, isn't it possible for [ɴ] to actually be analysed as /ʁn/ or /ʁŋ/ clusters? That would cut things down to just 13 phonemes.
/p t k q/
/v s ɣ ʁ/
/m n ŋ ɴ/
/l j/
Although, isn't it possible for [ɴ] to actually be analysed as /ʁn/ or /ʁŋ/ clusters? That would cut things down to just 13 phonemes.
Knowledge is power, and power corrupts. So study hard and be evil!
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Really, only 14?
But anyway /q/ tends to correlate heavily with large consonant inventories. The smaller the less uvular, normally, although Uvulars are also q. areal and so that way they might end up in langs with small consonant inventories (I would guess that is what happened to Chukchi) - although then again the REALLY small consonant inventories like your lang has them tend to be a feature of more isolated languages for much the same reason so I would probably say that is a no-no but then again it's your lang so who cares?
But anyway /q/ tends to correlate heavily with large consonant inventories. The smaller the less uvular, normally, although Uvulars are also q. areal and so that way they might end up in langs with small consonant inventories (I would guess that is what happened to Chukchi) - although then again the REALLY small consonant inventories like your lang has them tend to be a feature of more isolated languages for much the same reason so I would probably say that is a no-no but then again it's your lang so who cares?
陳第 wrote:蓋時有古今,地有南北;字有更革,音有轉移,亦勢所必至。
Read all about my excellent conlangsR.Rusanov wrote:seks istiyorum
sex want-PRS-1sg
Basic Conlanging Advice
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Ridiculously simple and basic Vzodyet sound inventory:
/m n ɲ ŋ/
/p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ q/
/f v s z ʃ ʒ ɬ~l ɮ x ɦ/
/tʃ dʒ tɬ dɮ/
/w j ʎ r/
/a i e o u/
/aː iː eː oː uː/
Since it's a tri-literal root lang, almost any combination of consonants are possible Most monosyllabic words are CCVC, CVCC, CVCVC, CVCV, CVC (rare), CV (also rare), VCCVC, VCVC, VCCV, and maybe a few others but that's all the basic kinds.
Some examples:
Z-G-N: love
zagon: I love
zgonīs: you love
zgonēx: he/she/it loves
zazagno: we love
zazgnīs: you all love
zazgnēx: they love
zugūn: love (pl. ūzgūn)
zāgon: lover (pl. āzāgno)
zīgnaž: loved one (pl.zīgganž)
zuggen: bed (pl.ūzuggne)
nōzgin: whore (pl. nōzginý)
r-s-q: to be blue
ūrīsq: I am blue
ūrsāqq: I begin to be blue
skīrsqa: I make (s.ome) blue/I make someone sick
jeresqa: may I be blue
rōsiq: the color blue/something that is blue (pl. ōrōsqi)
russeq: place that is blue/a sea/lake/ocean (pl. ūrussqe)
This lang is supposed to be the bizarre lovechild of Arabic and Russian though...it basically looks nothing like Russian but OH WELL
Stop become voiced next to voiced obstruents, and they DO retain their other features (thus /pʰ/ voices to /bʰ/, and so on). /ɬ/ is [l] before another fricative. Yeah, laterals but no /l/ brownie points, woo
There is no stress as of now. There was stress in the proto-lang though (and it's the reason for all this tri-literal craziness--all of these forms come from unstressed vowels getting deleted).
Also, unlike the Semitic langs vowels are important enough to be fully written out, as there is no apophony in nouns, only shifting of the vowels to form plurals (every plural in Vzodyet is a broken plural).
/m n ɲ ŋ/
/p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ q/
/f v s z ʃ ʒ ɬ~l ɮ x ɦ/
/tʃ dʒ tɬ dɮ/
/w j ʎ r/
/a i e o u/
/aː iː eː oː uː/
Since it's a tri-literal root lang, almost any combination of consonants are possible Most monosyllabic words are CCVC, CVCC, CVCVC, CVCV, CVC (rare), CV (also rare), VCCVC, VCVC, VCCV, and maybe a few others but that's all the basic kinds.
Some examples:
Z-G-N: love
zagon: I love
zgonīs: you love
zgonēx: he/she/it loves
zazagno: we love
zazgnīs: you all love
zazgnēx: they love
zugūn: love (pl. ūzgūn)
zāgon: lover (pl. āzāgno)
zīgnaž: loved one (pl.zīgganž)
zuggen: bed (pl.ūzuggne)
nōzgin: whore (pl. nōzginý)
r-s-q: to be blue
ūrīsq: I am blue
ūrsāqq: I begin to be blue
skīrsqa: I make (s.ome) blue/I make someone sick
jeresqa: may I be blue
rōsiq: the color blue/something that is blue (pl. ōrōsqi)
russeq: place that is blue/a sea/lake/ocean (pl. ūrussqe)
This lang is supposed to be the bizarre lovechild of Arabic and Russian though...it basically looks nothing like Russian but OH WELL
Stop become voiced next to voiced obstruents, and they DO retain their other features (thus /pʰ/ voices to /bʰ/, and so on). /ɬ/ is [l] before another fricative. Yeah, laterals but no /l/ brownie points, woo
There is no stress as of now. There was stress in the proto-lang though (and it's the reason for all this tri-literal craziness--all of these forms come from unstressed vowels getting deleted).
Also, unlike the Semitic langs vowels are important enough to be fully written out, as there is no apophony in nouns, only shifting of the vowels to form plurals (every plural in Vzodyet is a broken plural).
Nūdhrēmnāva naraśva, dṛk śraṣrāsit nūdhrēmanīṣṣ iźdatīyyīm woḥīm madhēyyaṣṣi.
satisfaction-DEF.SG-LOC live.PERFECTIVE-1P.INCL but work-DEF.SG-PRIV satisfaction-DEF.PL.NOM weakeness-DEF.PL-DAT only lead-FUT-3P
satisfaction-DEF.SG-LOC live.PERFECTIVE-1P.INCL but work-DEF.SG-PRIV satisfaction-DEF.PL.NOM weakeness-DEF.PL-DAT only lead-FUT-3P
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Kuty (updated)
Consonants
Vowels
Tones
Syllable structure is C(r)V. Only /p t͡p t m n͡m n/ may cluster with /r/.
When /m n͡m n/ cluster with /r/, they are realized as their corresponding homorganic prenasalized stops, i.e. /nr/ [ⁿtr]. Note that for /n͡m/, that allophone is [ⁿt͡p], which does not exist as a phoneme in Kuty. This is why I list the /r/-clustering consonants as including nasals, not prenasalized stops--to analyze them as including prenasalized stops would require me to posit a 20th phoneme, */ⁿt͡p/, that only ever occurred before /r/.
The plain plosives (which include the compound ones) and the nasal-release plosives are generally voiceless, while prenasalized stops are generally voiced, but voicing is in free variation (with the realizations I just mentioned being more common).
Consonantal allophony isn't extensive. /r/ becomes [l] fairly often, especially when near another /r/, but never in clusters. Before /i/, /t k/ may become [t͡ʃ x]; less commonly, /p/ may become [f]. The compound plosives are simultaneously articulated in stressed syllables, in unstressed syllables they tend to be realized as sequences of their constituent parts. There is some allophonic height variation in the non-high vowels, conditioned by the following consonant.
Syllables with short vowel nuclei are monomoraic; those with long vowel or diphthong nuclei are bimoraic. Word stress falls on the syllable with the penultimate mora; syllables containing other even-numbered (counting from the right) moras receive secondary stress. Stress is manifested as a change in tone--a heightening of pitch and/or an "exaggeration" of the pitch swing in contour tones, depending on the exact layout of monomoraic and bimoraic syllables in the word. There are five different "tone frames" (i.e. sets of realizations for the tones), which determine the exact realizations of the tones in different types of syllables in different positions with different neighboring syllables. (I have worked out the tone frames, but I have not yet determined the rules governing which tone frame applies in which situation.)
Consonants
Code: Select all
p t͡p t k͡t k k͡p
pʼ tʼ kʼ
ⁿp ⁿt ⁿk
pⁿ tⁿ kⁿ
m n͡m n
r
Code: Select all
i i: ɨ u u:
e ə
a
a͡j u͡j
j͡a j͡u
Code: Select all
High 4
High Rising 34
High Falling 43
Mid 2
Mid Rising 12
Mid Falling 21
Low* 1
*allophone of Mid Falling
When /m n͡m n/ cluster with /r/, they are realized as their corresponding homorganic prenasalized stops, i.e. /nr/ [ⁿtr]. Note that for /n͡m/, that allophone is [ⁿt͡p], which does not exist as a phoneme in Kuty. This is why I list the /r/-clustering consonants as including nasals, not prenasalized stops--to analyze them as including prenasalized stops would require me to posit a 20th phoneme, */ⁿt͡p/, that only ever occurred before /r/.
The plain plosives (which include the compound ones) and the nasal-release plosives are generally voiceless, while prenasalized stops are generally voiced, but voicing is in free variation (with the realizations I just mentioned being more common).
Consonantal allophony isn't extensive. /r/ becomes [l] fairly often, especially when near another /r/, but never in clusters. Before /i/, /t k/ may become [t͡ʃ x]; less commonly, /p/ may become [f]. The compound plosives are simultaneously articulated in stressed syllables, in unstressed syllables they tend to be realized as sequences of their constituent parts. There is some allophonic height variation in the non-high vowels, conditioned by the following consonant.
Syllables with short vowel nuclei are monomoraic; those with long vowel or diphthong nuclei are bimoraic. Word stress falls on the syllable with the penultimate mora; syllables containing other even-numbered (counting from the right) moras receive secondary stress. Stress is manifested as a change in tone--a heightening of pitch and/or an "exaggeration" of the pitch swing in contour tones, depending on the exact layout of monomoraic and bimoraic syllables in the word. There are five different "tone frames" (i.e. sets of realizations for the tones), which determine the exact realizations of the tones in different types of syllables in different positions with different neighboring syllables. (I have worked out the tone frames, but I have not yet determined the rules governing which tone frame applies in which situation.)
Last edited by cromulant on Fri Mar 07, 2014 12:01 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
This is the phonology for a conlang I've been working on the past week or so.
The consonants are fairly straightforward:
The vowel system is a bit more wacky:
There are also the diphthongs /je jø oʊ aʊ/. There was a length contrast which became a quality difference, heavily influenced by Icelandic. The pairs are:
/ɪ • i/ /e • je/ /ɵ • jø/ /a • aʊ/ /ʌ • ɘ/ /o • oʊ/ /ɵ • u/. Short <u> and <ø> have merged historically as /ɵ/.
The consonants are fairly straightforward:
Code: Select all
p t k
tɬ
f s ɬ x h
m n
r
j w
Code: Select all
i u
ɪ
e ɘ ɵ o
ʌ
a
/ɪ • i/ /e • je/ /ɵ • jø/ /a • aʊ/ /ʌ • ɘ/ /o • oʊ/ /ɵ • u/. Short <u> and <ø> have merged historically as /ɵ/.
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Probably not going to do anything with this but:
/p t ts tʃ k q/
/b d dz dʒ g/
/s ʃ χ/
/z ʒ/
/m n l r j w/
/a (æ?) e o i u/, aspiration (preceding h) is a quality of the vowel and two aspirated syllables can't appear in a row
Problem is, it's too European. Might drop the voiced fricatives, say z ʒ > r j or something. Maybe x-χ contrast.
Phonotactics would look something like:
Initial clusters:
PP, where P1 is fronter than P2
Px, where P1 is unvoiced
P{s ʃ}, where P1 is unvoiced
{P|F}{l r}
{m n}C
Medial clusters:
{r l N}P
FC
rF
ndr
NP[-voice]x
Final clusters:
{m n l r j w}{P{F} F{F}}
FP{F}
sample words:
dqera [dʁera]
mtalastx [mtaɫastχ]
gamkershu [gaŋkerʃu]
xhan [χhan]
bgarums [bgarums]
/p t ts tʃ k q/
/b d dz dʒ g/
/s ʃ χ/
/z ʒ/
/m n l r j w/
/a (æ?) e o i u/, aspiration (preceding h) is a quality of the vowel and two aspirated syllables can't appear in a row
Problem is, it's too European. Might drop the voiced fricatives, say z ʒ > r j or something. Maybe x-χ contrast.
Phonotactics would look something like:
Initial clusters:
PP, where P1 is fronter than P2
Px, where P1 is unvoiced
P{s ʃ}, where P1 is unvoiced
{P|F}{l r}
{m n}C
Medial clusters:
{r l N}P
FC
rF
ndr
NP[-voice]x
Final clusters:
{m n l r j w}{P{F} F{F}}
FP{F}
sample words:
dqera [dʁera]
mtalastx [mtaɫastχ]
gamkershu [gaŋkerʃu]
xhan [χhan]
bgarums [bgarums]
Siöö jandeng raiglin zåbei tandiüłåd;
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Code: Select all
pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ
pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ
p t k q
t͜sʼ t͜ɬʼ k͜ʟ̝̊ʼ
t͜sʰ t͜ɬʰ k͜ʟ̝̊ʰ
t͜s t͜ɬ k͜ʟ̝̊
s ɬ ʟ̝̊ χ
m n
i u
e o
a
Syllable: (C)V(C2)
Roots: (V)(C)V(V)(C2)(C)(V)(C2)
C2 can be any coronal (besides ejectives and aspirated stops or affricates) and is realized as a retroflex.
So, /t s ɬ t͜s t͜ɬ n/ > [ʈ ʂ ɬ̢ ʈ͜ʂ ʈ͜ɬ̢ ɳ] in syllable final position.
Also, /t t͜s t͜ɬ/ > [ʈʰ ʈ͜ʂʰ ʈ͜ɬ̢ʰ] before fricatives and word-finally.
Adjacent vowels are never diphthongized and are separate syllables.
If there is a long vowel, it receives the stress. Otherwise, the left-most syllable receives stress.
Vowels can be short 〈a〉 or long 〈aa〉.
There are 3 phonemic tones - 1 qualitative and 2 contour. They are mid 〈a〉, rising (25) 〈á〉, and falling (41) 〈à〉.
Rising tone on a long vowel 〈áa〉 is realized as rising-falling (253). Falling tone on a long vowel 〈àa〉 is realized as falling-rising (413).
Vowel Harmony
Vowels harmonize their frontedness and tone to match with the nearest stressed syllable to their left. Vowels take mid-tone after a short mid-tone vowel or any long vowel. Vowels take high tone (4) after a short rising tone vowel and they take low tone (2) after a short falling tone vowel.
/e o i u/ > [ə ɵ ɨ ʉ] after a stressed /a/
/a e i/ > [ɑ ɤ ɯ] after a stressed /o/ or /u/
/a o u/ > [æ ø y] after a stressed /e/ or /i/
Sample Words:
cʼeen [t͜sʼeːɳ] tree
qáasut [qʰa᷈ːsʉʈʰ] nation
ghòiiƛ [ʟ̝̊ôiːt͜ɬʰ] feather
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Velar lateral affricates! That is an interesting idea.
...brought to you by the Weeping Elf
Tha cvastam émi cvastam santham amal phelsa. -- Friedrich Schiller
ESTAR-3SG:P human-OBJ only human-OBJ true-OBJ REL-LOC play-3SG:A
Tha cvastam émi cvastam santham amal phelsa. -- Friedrich Schiller
ESTAR-3SG:P human-OBJ only human-OBJ true-OBJ REL-LOC play-3SG:A
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Re: Post your conlang's phonology
attested. Archi, Wahgi, Kuman, G|ui, Laghuu
Siöö jandeng raiglin zåbei tandiüłåd;
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
Re: Post your conlang's phonology
Do they contrast with alveolar lateral affricates in any language, though? Of the ones you listed (although I haven't found a phoneme inventory for Kuman), they don't, so I'd assume at the very least that to contrast the two series is particularly rare in the real world.
You can tell the same lie a thousand times,
But it never gets any more true,
So close your eyes once more and once more believe
That they all still believe in you.
Just one time.
But it never gets any more true,
So close your eyes once more and once more believe
That they all still believe in you.
Just one time.