So I finally got myself to conlang enough to justify making one of these, yay!
Common Zein. Think a Proto-Romance sort of scale (the common ancestor of a langfamily descended from an imperial prestigelang), but aside from massive reanalyzation of the verbal system the similarities end right there. Its parentlang, Imperial Salanjan, was your standard glorious imperial language, until its imperial polity was massively disrupted by a nomad invasion. Truly by this point it had already changed itself massively, but this provides a convenient cut-off point, and extant examples of Zein, quite distinct from Salanjan, in local texts (particularly those from Kenrui, the Valley Źijn state left over following the incursion of the Udraþ into the lower Rægil river valley.)
Salanjan was a fairly case-heavy agglutinative language, with heavily ergative syntax. So heavy in fact that while the Zein daughters lost case marking almost entirely, they still retain the ergative alignment of their ancestor, marked via word order: muŧok ɔgɔẉeq ko 'she loves me' versus pontal muŧɔk 'she goes' (in case it's not clear, the order is Erg-V-Abs). It also developed a 4-way gender contrast (masc - fem - common - neuter) where none existed in Salanjan, and some freaky pluralization patterns, which I'll post next time so this post doesn't get lost in a comp seizure.
I'll close with a full sentence: śɛmaŧɔ nal ɔwønćereq isɔkɔẉeĩ kusń orehɛẉɛ. "the trader habitually moved wine casks between cities."
breakout (parentheses indicate linking approximants): ś-ɛmaŧ-ɔ nal ɔ-(w)-ønćer-eq isɔkɔ-(ẉ)-eĩ kusń orehɛ-(ẉ)-ɛ
interlinear: DEFpref-trader-DIRcommon again/often PRETpref-move3tr wine_caskPL among/between cityPL
Common Zein Scratchpad & other Stuffs
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- Lebom
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Re: Common Zein Scratchpad & other Stuffs
Like the idea of ergative syntax. My conlang Kämpya does a similar thing (though it also has ergative markers). Are there any natlangs that do this that inspired you? Or did you think of it yourself?
But where did the gender contrast come from? Was it influenced by the nomad language?
But where did the gender contrast come from? Was it influenced by the nomad language?
- Drydic
- Smeric
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Re: Common Zein Scratchpad & other Stuffs
The ergative alignment indicated by word order violates a universal. One of the universals that doesn't have any counterexamples in known languages. It just seems like one of those things that, while rare, would be eminently feasible as a possible language feature.
The gender affixes were, in Salanjan, simple affixes to differentiate the gender of a given personal noun, e.g. tradesman vs. tradeswoman. They gradually spread to more and more nouns, joined by fossilized versions of the adjective a 'all' (becoming the Zein common gender) and the collective prefix æ- (which became Common Zein neuter -ɛ). The language actually went through a period of circumfixal gender marking, as shown by Imperial Salanjan rěmuri 'father' kumuko 'mother' rěmori 'brother' kumoko 'sister', which following the dropping of the prefixal gender markers in Ker Salanjan (a related variety which had significant influence on Common Zein) and Common Zein became respectively ḿru ŋ́ku ḿro and ŋ́ko (acutes on N M and Ŋs indicate syllabicity).
Udraþ did not have any significant influence on the development of the Zein family as a whole, but they did heavily influence parts of the later Valley Źijn continuum (being jackbooted oppressors of some of its speakers.) In fact the main direction of influence was the reverse; the ergative tendency in Salanjan and Zein was so strong that Udraþ itself switched alignments, as well as adopting the Salanjan base-16 count system. (Trivial Fun Fact: Udraþ is the sister language to Drydic (now known as Dryw), my former namesake.)
I should probably throw the phonology up since it's slightly batty.
Consonants
Vowels
Common Zein allowed any vowel to be nasalized in open syllables; word-finally, however, they were restricted: ɛ̃ ẽ and eĩ collapse to eĩ, ĩ and ỹ to ĩ, õ ɔ̃ ũ and oũ to oũ, ə̃ merges with ń, and ɔ̃ ã aũ collapse to aũ (ø əw əẉ aj oj aẉ and wo do not occur in nasalizing environments. Yet xD ).
I might spew out the number system next, or possibly the gender/case systems (there's a definite prefix thrown in there too )
The gender affixes were, in Salanjan, simple affixes to differentiate the gender of a given personal noun, e.g. tradesman vs. tradeswoman. They gradually spread to more and more nouns, joined by fossilized versions of the adjective a 'all' (becoming the Zein common gender) and the collective prefix æ- (which became Common Zein neuter -ɛ). The language actually went through a period of circumfixal gender marking, as shown by Imperial Salanjan rěmuri 'father' kumuko 'mother' rěmori 'brother' kumoko 'sister', which following the dropping of the prefixal gender markers in Ker Salanjan (a related variety which had significant influence on Common Zein) and Common Zein became respectively ḿru ŋ́ku ḿro and ŋ́ko (acutes on N M and Ŋs indicate syllabicity).
Udraþ did not have any significant influence on the development of the Zein family as a whole, but they did heavily influence parts of the later Valley Źijn continuum (being jackbooted oppressors of some of its speakers.) In fact the main direction of influence was the reverse; the ergative tendency in Salanjan and Zein was so strong that Udraþ itself switched alignments, as well as adopting the Salanjan base-16 count system. (Trivial Fun Fact: Udraþ is the sister language to Drydic (now known as Dryw), my former namesake.)
I should probably throw the phonology up since it's slightly batty.
Consonants
Code: Select all
Lab InterD Dent Retr Pal Velar Uvular
stop p b t d ć [ʨ] k g q
fric f ŧ s (z) ś [ɕ] h
nas m n ň ŋ
lat l ĺ [ʎ]
rho r [ɾ] ř [ɽ]
appr w j ẉ [ɰ]
Code: Select all
i y u
e ø ə ḿ o
ɛ ń ŋ́ ɔ
a
əw əẉ
aj aw aẉ
oj ow
wo
I might spew out the number system next, or possibly the gender/case systems (there's a definite prefix thrown in there too )
Re: Common Zein Scratchpad & other Stuffs
Looks pretty hot. Universals were made to be shat upon, that's my take on the whole ergative syntax thing.
Keep it comin keep it comin.
Keep it comin keep it comin.
Re: Common Zein Scratchpad & other Stuffs
So is direct the only explicitly marked case?
- Drydic
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Re: Common Zein Scratchpad & other Stuffs
I'll take this as a jumping point to write something up (I've been struggling to do this for several days, stupid brain.)clawgrip wrote:So is direct the only explicitly marked case?
In a word, no. the Oblique and Instrumental (and in the pronouns, the Dative) are the marked cases. But the interplay of the case endings and the gender markers can sometimes obscure this. As I said, there's four genders: Masculine, Feminine, Common, and Neuter; a given noun has the structure (DEF-)STEM-CASE-GENDER(-PLURAL), but of course this can be somewhat obscured, as in ḿror brother (the direct form), plural ḿroň. More examples are worth giving (ḿro brother, ŋ́ko sister, igɔ warrior, ɛlčo blade):
Code: Select all
M sg pl def sg pl
Dir ḿror ḿroň Dir siḿror siḿroň
Obl ḿrorś ḿroňś Obl siḿrorś siḿroňś
Inst ḿrou ḿrouň Inst siḿrou siḿroũ
sg pl def sg pl
Dir ŋ́koh ŋ́kohn Dir siŋ́koh siŋ́kohn
Obl ŋ́kohiś/ŋ́koć ŋ́kohniś Obl siŋ́kohiś/siŋ́koć siŋ́kohniś
Inst ŋ́kohu ŋ́kohnu Inst siŋ́kohu siŋ́kohnu
C sg pl def sg pl
Dir igɔẉa igɔẉaũ Dir śigɔẉa śigɔẉaũ
Obl igɔśa igɔśaũ Obl śigɔśa śigɔśaũ
Inst igɔwa igɔwaũ Inst śigɔwa śigɔwaũ
N sg pl def sg pl
Dir ɛlčoẉɛ ɛlčoẉeĩ Dir śɛlčoẉɛ śɛlčoẉeĩ
Obl ɛlčośɛ ɛlčośeĩ Obl śɛlčośɛ śɛlčośeĩ
Inst ɛlčowɛ ɛlčoweĩ Inst śɛlčowɛ śɛlčoweĩ
Ok I've got nothing more in me (there's more info, but I can't make myself type it up), and don't want this post to die. I'll try to add some more soon. *clicks submit*