I can't read French. T^T Translation? =D But thanks still. =] Where did those vowels go?Tropylium⁺ wrote:For starters, here's a small discussion with a link to a dissertation in French:savagemyth wrote:Any resources on the Ryukyuan languages? Much appreciated. =]
http://amritas.com/101023.htm#10192359
(Depending on your degree of previous exposure, prepare for having your mind blown.)
resources
- communistplot
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Re: resources
The Artist Formerly Known as Caleone
My Conlangs (WIP):
Pasic - Proto-Northeastern Bay - Asséta - Àpzó
My Conlangs (WIP):
Pasic - Proto-Northeastern Bay - Asséta - Àpzó
- Nortaneous
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- Location: the Imperial Corridor
Re: resources
savagemyth wrote:Where did those vowels go?
so they devoicedthe page wrote:Oogami f and s originate from PJ high vowels (*u, *i, and the diphthong *ui).
Long vowels in monosyllables became long fricatives:
*pi [pii]? > *pɿɿ > pss
*tu became ks:
*tu > *tsɿ > ks
*pu and *ku merged as *fu which then became f:
*pu.k-i > f.ks
*tu.ku.r-i > kff
(10.20.0:04: Cf. Cantonese 苦 fu < *khu.)
*s assimilated to an adjacent *f:
*tu.ku.r-i > *tsɿ.fu.r-i > *ksf > kff
Siöö jandeng raiglin zåbei tandiüłåd;
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
Re: resources
http://www.gmi.org/products/gis/wlms/sa ... s/huffman/
Very detailed maps of languages and their locations. Covers some areas, like China, where the Ethnologue doesn't have a proper map.
Very detailed maps of languages and their locations. Covers some areas, like China, where the Ethnologue doesn't have a proper map.
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Re: resources
This is a good read:
http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~mielke/ ... e_diss.pdf
"The Emergence of Distinctive Features"
http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~mielke/ ... e_diss.pdf
"The Emergence of Distinctive Features"
Try the online version of the HaSC sound change applier: http://chrisdb.dyndns-at-home.com/HaSC
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Re: resources
chris_notts wrote:"The Emergence of Distinctive Features"
Oh, boy.Mielke's dissertation abstract wrote:... Based on data from 561 languages, the survey reveals that unnatural classes are widespread: among 6077 unique classes of sounds which are targets or triggers of phonological processes, analyzed in three popular feature theories ..., no single theory is able to characterize more than 71% of the classes, and over 24% are not characterizable in any of the theories. While other theories are able to account for specific subsets of these classes, none is able to predict the wide range of classes which actually occur and recur. ...
Or, should that be:
Oh, boy!
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Re: resources
The argument the author makes agrees with my view of linguistics in general.TomHChappell wrote:Oh, boy.
Or, should that be:
Oh, boy!
Undoubtedly there are processing constraints for languages - no-one has found a stack-based human language for example, and almost certainly there isn't one. In the case of phonetics and phonology, the patterns are also driven by the ability of humans to perceive and produce different sounds. And the evidence is that there is almost certainly some kind of basic built-in language faculties, since there are types of brain damage that only seem to affect language use.
But I think that a lot of what gets codified as supposedly universal grammar is simply the product of the interaction between broader biological constraints, the communicative needs of speakers, and the environment, and are more diachronic tendencies than inviolable synchronic rules. What's more, a lot of the assumptions seem to be driven by some sense of theoretical niceness that has no apparent evidential basis whatsoever. For example, as I said in this thread, there seems no reason to assume that humans don't store redundant lexical information rather than applying complex rules in many cases:
http://zbb.spinnwebe.com/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=36507
And some of the current theoretical preferences seem to me to be truly bizarre. Take, for example, the assumption that any feature framework should be binary in nature. I think it's widely recognised that, at least at the phonetic (production) level, there are gradients rather than discrete points. But even if we assume that there is some universal underlying set of discrete points, why this obsession with binary ones?
Take +-high, +-low. These are used in some features to differentiate, say, the front vowels i e a. But this is nonsense, because it is not physically possible to produce a consonant or vowel that is +high +low for most definitions of those features. The only reason for these two features to be separate is because of this insistence on binarity, which is not supported by any evidence whatsoever. A ternary feature would cover exactly the same range of sounds but recognise directly the impossibility of +high +low. This pattern is repeated for other sets of incompatible binary features, such as +constricted glottis / +spread glottis, which should also be a single ternary feature IMO, if we have to have such a feature theory. How can the people creating these theories consistently fake ternary ones in this way without being tempted to take the logical step of combining them?
Exactly the same argument can be levelled against strict binary branching in syntactic theories, and it has been. I particularly enjoyed reading the following book, which argues for grammar based on constructions (essentially templates) which need not be binary:
http://www.amazon.com/Radical-Construct ... 0198299540
In the process, the book strongly attacks the current notions about Universal Grammar.
EDIT: I should say that my sound change applier does not assume binary features, mainly because I don't like the binarity assumption. It has some special syntactic sugar for them, but you can have features with as many potential values as you like (well, up to an architecture/compiler dependent limit of at least 536,870,910, assuming you don't run out of memory before you've defined that many value names).
EDIT EDIT: This book may also be worth reading for arguing against the penchant for binary branching and nulls all over the place, although I found it to be somewhat repetitive and monotonous:
http://www.amazon.com/Syntactic-Relatio ... 0521608295
Try the online version of the HaSC sound change applier: http://chrisdb.dyndns-at-home.com/HaSC
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Re: resources
Some interesting stuff is available here:
http://www.unm.edu/~wcroft/WACpubs.html
The page lists publications of William Croft, who wrote "Radical Construction Grammar". Some of the articles / texts are downloadable in PDF form.
http://www.unm.edu/~wcroft/WACpubs.html
The page lists publications of William Croft, who wrote "Radical Construction Grammar". Some of the articles / texts are downloadable in PDF form.
Try the online version of the HaSC sound change applier: http://chrisdb.dyndns-at-home.com/HaSC
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Re: resources
So far there's only one customer review, andchris_notts wrote:Exactly the same argument can be levelled against strict binary branching in syntactic theories, and it has been. I particularly enjoyed reading the following book, which argues for grammar based on constructions (essentially templates) which need not be binary:
http://www.amazon.com/Radical-Construct ... 0198299540
In the process, the book strongly attacks the current notions about Universal Grammar.
If you like it I think you should put in your own review.that customer wrote:my graduate level colleagues and I loathe it.
http://www.amazon.com/Syntactic-Relatio ... 0521608295 has not yet been reviewed by an Amazon customer.
But, here are some other reviews:
http://www.sil.org:8090/silebr/2005/silebr2005-006
http://www.cercles.com/review/r35/matthews.html
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Re: resources
Maybe I should do, although as a Englishman I don't use Amazon.com much... I don't think the Amazon sites share reviews, which is a pity. So any review on Amazon.co.uk won't make it onto Amazon.com or vice versa.TomHChappell wrote:If you like it I think you should put in your own review.
I really did enjoy the book. It wasn't purely dedicated to arguing against generative grammar and other theories, since it was an exposition of Croft's own view of what a theory of syntax should look like. Of course some of the book does justify why he thinks his approach is better than other approaches, but it's not purely an attack on other theories. But it was refreshing because Croft starts by taking the typological facts available seriously and moving from there, whereas a lot of other theories of syntax (and the people who develop them) seem to start with a few languages and then try to shoe-horn everything else in somehow.
The following is the most important sentence in that review:
"Rambling" is a word I would happily use to describe that book, although parts of it were interesting.As may already be apparent from this summary, the discussion can be rambling at times.
Try the online version of the HaSC sound change applier: http://chrisdb.dyndns-at-home.com/HaSC
- Ser
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Re: resources
Old Spanish
http://mgarci.aas.duke.edu/cibertextos/ ... ST-MSS.HTM
Online version of the Cantar de Mio Çid. To the right, an HTML-friendly transcription of Menéndez Pidal's own transcription of the manuscript. To the left, a conversion of this transcription to somewhat modern orthography with modern word spacing by the editor.
http://users.servicios.retecal.es/jomic ... tiguos.htm
Colourful site with lots of notes on Medieval Spain and some fragments
http://www.archive.org/details/manualel ... d00menuoft
Online version of Menéndez Pidal's Manual elemental de gramática histórica española (1904).
Google Books previews:
http://books.google.com/books?id=e9HGPw ... &q&f=false
David Pharies' A brief history of the Spanish language (2007) (also available in Spanish)
http://books.google.com/books?id=Zjcrhy ... &q&f=false
Ralph Penny's A history of the Spanish language (2002)
http://books.google.com/books?id=_QkNAA ... &q&f=false
Paul Lloyd's From Latin to Spanish - Vol. I: Historical Phonology and Morphology of the Spanish language (1987)
Early Modern Spanish
http://www.antoniodenebrija.org/index.html
Site on Antonio de Nebrija. You can find an online version of his GRAMMATICA (late 15th century), albeit greatly adapted to modern orthography. (Things like double <ss> are conserved, but you can see some clear editing here.)
http://bibliotecadigitalhispanica.bne.e ... ePid2=true
Scanned version of Nebrija's book, thanks to the Bilioteca Nacional de España.
http://quijote.bne.es/libro.html
Online version of EL INGENIOSO HIDALGO DON QVIXOTE DE LA MANCHA, and the second part, DEL INGENIOSO CAVALLERO DON QVIXOTE DE LA MANCHA (early 17th century), by the BNE. Nevermind the background music.
http://mgarci.aas.duke.edu/cibertextos/ ... ST-MSS.HTM
Online version of the Cantar de Mio Çid. To the right, an HTML-friendly transcription of Menéndez Pidal's own transcription of the manuscript. To the left, a conversion of this transcription to somewhat modern orthography with modern word spacing by the editor.
http://users.servicios.retecal.es/jomic ... tiguos.htm
Colourful site with lots of notes on Medieval Spain and some fragments
http://www.archive.org/details/manualel ... d00menuoft
Online version of Menéndez Pidal's Manual elemental de gramática histórica española (1904).
Google Books previews:
http://books.google.com/books?id=e9HGPw ... &q&f=false
David Pharies' A brief history of the Spanish language (2007) (also available in Spanish)
http://books.google.com/books?id=Zjcrhy ... &q&f=false
Ralph Penny's A history of the Spanish language (2002)
http://books.google.com/books?id=_QkNAA ... &q&f=false
Paul Lloyd's From Latin to Spanish - Vol. I: Historical Phonology and Morphology of the Spanish language (1987)
Early Modern Spanish
http://www.antoniodenebrija.org/index.html
Site on Antonio de Nebrija. You can find an online version of his GRAMMATICA (late 15th century), albeit greatly adapted to modern orthography. (Things like double <ss> are conserved, but you can see some clear editing here.)
http://bibliotecadigitalhispanica.bne.e ... ePid2=true
Scanned version of Nebrija's book, thanks to the Bilioteca Nacional de España.
http://quijote.bne.es/libro.html
Online version of EL INGENIOSO HIDALGO DON QVIXOTE DE LA MANCHA, and the second part, DEL INGENIOSO CAVALLERO DON QVIXOTE DE LA MANCHA (early 17th century), by the BNE. Nevermind the background music.
Re: resources
Anybody got something on Yup'ik?
Re: resources
Here are the resources I had posted on the KneeQuickiemokozelän daiñu wrote:Any resources on the Ryukyuan languages? Much appreciated. =]
This list is kept up to date and focuses primarily on Southern Japanese, Ryukyuan and Hachijo. Some titles have been modified to be more meaningful to English readers. If someone who is a researcher stumbles upon this list, please consider making your work openly accessible.
Japanese-Ryukyuan
An introduction to Ryukyuan languages, by Michinori Shimoji & Thomas Pellard
Origins of the Verbalizer Affixes in the Japonic Languages, by Tyler Lau
Amami
- Shodon: A Dialect of the Northern Ryukyus, by Samuel E. Martin
- (ja) Amami Dialect Database, Okinawa Center of Language Study
- (ja) The Phonemes of the Shodon dialect in Amami-Oshima (Part 1) (Part 2)
- Yunnu Futuba - Yoronjima wordlist
- (ja) Nominalization in Yoron, by Machi Hiromitsu
- (ja) Let's speak Yoron (sample text with translation), by Hideshi Kiku
- How Do We Describe Demonstratives in Yuwan Ryukyuan?, by Yuto Niinaga
- (ja) Phonological characteristics of Northern Amami dialects, by Masao Ono
- (ja) Phonological characteristics of Kikaijima, by Nobuko Kibe
Hachijo-Daito
- (ja) Overview of the Hachijo Dialects
- (ja) Sample Clip and Transcription of Hachijo
- (ja) Brief Summary of the Hachijo Dialect
Japanese
- An Extensive List of Japanese Learning Resources, by Flaminius
- Kanji Transliterator, from Kanji to Hiragana or Romaji
- Jim Breen's List of Resources
- Japanese Language lessons
- An Introduction to the Japanese Language, by Tomioka Nobuyuki
General Dialects
- (ja) Ibaraki Database
- (ja) Atok: Database of Japanese Dialects
- (ja) The Dialect Study Room - illustrative maps of dialectal words and expressions, by the National Institute for Japanese Language
- Wikipedia - Kansai dialect
- The languages of Japan, by Masayoshi Shibatani
- A reference grammar of Japanese, by Samuel Elmo Martin
- (ja) List of Wikipedia articles on Japanese dialects (English)
- Valency Classes in Japanese II: Dialects (Mitsukaido dialect), by Kan Sasaki
Kagoshima Dialect
- (ja) Kagoshima Dialect (+phonology, morphology) & Dictionary
- (ja) Overview of the Kagoshima Dialects
- (ja) Dictionary of the Kagoshima Dialect
- (ja) Basic phonology and grammar overview of the dialect
- The Satsugu dialect (work in progress)
Miyako
- (fr) Ogami — Éléments de description d'un parler du Sud des Ryukyu (English)
- (ja) Miyako Dialect Database, Okinawa Center of Language Study
- Irabu Ryukyuan (Sketch), by Michinori Shimoji
- Foot and Rhythmic Structure in Irabu Ryukyuan, by Michinori Shimoji
- Epistemic Modality in Irabu Ryukyuan, by Michinori Shimoji
- (ja) Copula sentence structure in Irabu Ryukyuan
- Property concepts in Irabu Ryukyuan, by Michinori Shimoji
- An instrumental analysis of the two tone system in Ikema Ryukyuan, by Yuka Hayashi, Yosuke Igarashi, Yukinori Takubo and Tomoyuki Kubo
- Tonal Alternation and Rhythmic Structure in Irabu Ryukyuan, by Michinori Shimoji and Hayashi Yuka
- Descriptive units and categories in Irabu, by Michinori Shimoji
- (ja) On the Obstruentization of Old Japanese /w/ : Focusing on the Miyako and Yaeyama Dialects, by Chokujin Uchima
- (ja) Some verbal paradigms in Miyako, by Nakama Mitsunari
- Pragmatic factors in the development of a switch-adjective language: A case study of the Miyako-Hirara dialect of Ryukyuan, by Yulia Koloskova and Toshio Ohori
- Standard Japanese and the Hirara Dialect: A Case of Linguistic Convergence, by John J. Chew
- (ja) On origin of the 'predicative verb form' in Miyako dialects, by Shigehisa Karimata
- A Grammar of Irabu, a Southern Ryukyuan Language, by Michinori Shimoji
Okinawan
- (ja) Shuri, Naha and Nakijin Dialect Database, Okinawa Center of Language Study
- Okinawan-English Wordbook: a short lexicon of the Okinawan language with English definitions and Japanese cognates, by Mitsugu Sakihara et al.
- Aspect and Modality in Luchuan: In The Case of The Shuri dialect, by Tomoko Arakaki (PostScript file)
- (ja) The Dative Particles "-Nkai" "-nakai" "-ni" "-ga" and "-kai" of the Shuri Dialect of Okinawan : In Contrast with the Particles "-ni" and "-e" of Standard Japanese, by Satoshi Nishioka
- (ja) A number of resources on Okinawan, Haisai.co.jp
- Small Linguistics: Phonological history and lexical loans in Nakijin dialect Okinawan, by Stewart A. Curry
- (ja) Okinawan language dictionary (1896), by Masayo Nakamoto
- (ja) Konkoukenshuu - Words of the Royal Palace (Oldest Okinawan dictionary, 1711)
- (ja) On the relation between the particles 'ga' and 'nu' in Urasoe, by Satoshi Uchima
- The System of phoneme in the Dialects of Luchuan: The Maezima Dialect, by Kumiko Arakaki
- (ja) On Phonemes and Phonetic Changes of the Miyako-Tarama Dialect, by Kayoko Shimoji
- (ja) On correlation between Lexial Meaning and Form of Adjective in Ryukyu-Tarama Dialect, by Kayoko Shimoji
- (ja) On the -ja Construction in the Tarama Dialect of Southern Ryukyuan, by Kayoko Shimoji
- (ja) Representation of space and time in Tarama, by Kayoko Shimoji
- (ja) Phonological comparison of Yaeyama dialects, by Shigehisa Karimata
- The Disappearing /ï/ and Lenition of /p/ in the Ishigaki Dialect : Fieldwork on the "Island of Songs", by Yuko Yoshida
- (ja) About the Yonaguni language, by Kaijiku Shinichi
- (ja) Yonaguni verb accent, by Nishioka Satoshi
Edit: This list is now maintained here: http://www.jlect.com/resources.php
Last edited by Hakaku on Thu Feb 28, 2013 5:56 pm, edited 31 times in total.
Chances are it's Ryukyuan (Resources).
Re: resources
An introduction to Sanskrit.
Re: resources
What's a stack-base language?chris_notts wrote:The argument the author makes agrees with my view of linguistics in general.TomHChappell wrote:Oh, boy.
Or, should that be:
Oh, boy!
Undoubtedly there are processing constraints for languages - no-one has found a stack-based human language for example, and almost certainly there isn't one. In the case of phonetics and phonology, the patterns are also driven by the ability of humans to perceive and produce different sounds. And the evidence is that there is almost certainly some kind of basic built-in language faculties, since there are types of brain damage that only seem to affect language use.
Re: resources
A stack is a concept in computing. So here it's a reference to computer languages.
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- Avisaru
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Re: resources
More specifically: a stack is a last in - first out structure. Essentially, it's a bit like a pile of papers on your desk - the last thing you add onto the top of the pile is the first thing you take off.jmcd wrote:A stack is a concept in computing. So here it's a reference to computer languages.
Stacks are used for a wide variety of things in computer. Commonly, they are a way of structuring the calls to functions or the passing of information. Consider the following commands:
"+" takes the top 2 things on the stack and then adds the result of adding them onto the top
"*" takes the top 2 things on the stack and then adds the result of multiplying them onto the top
push adds something new onto the top of the stack
Now look at the following sequence:
push 2
push 3
*
push 5
push 6
*
+
The result of executing this is (2 * 3) + (5 * 6) = 36. As it is executed, the stack goes through the following states:
[2]
[3,2]
[6]
[5, 6]
[6, 5, 6]
[30, 6]
[36]
(here, the newest item on the stack is to the left, and older items are to the right)
This is essentially how the instruction sets of high level virtual machines normally work. But no human language would work like this, probably because of the demands on working memory.
Try the online version of the HaSC sound change applier: http://chrisdb.dyndns-at-home.com/HaSC
Re: resources
Recordings of Babylonian and Assyrian poetry (University of London)
Re: resources
^ It's so weird being able to half-understand a dead language.
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Re: resources
http://cals.conlang.org/ Conlang atlas of language structures
http://ling.uni-konstanz.de/pages/proj/projiws.htm Interaction of the semantics of words and sentences
http://ling.uni-konstanz.de/pages/proj/intonlex.htm Intonation lexicon
http://ling.uni-konstanz.de/pages/proj/ ... ation.html Variation and evolution in the lexicon
http://typo.uni-konstanz.de/archive/intro/ Universals archive
http://typo.uni-konstanz.de/rara/intro/ Grammatic rarity cabinet (GRAMMATISCHE RARITÄTENKABINETT)
http://ling.uni-konstanz.de/pages/home/ ... mentation/ Online Documentation of Kolyma Yukaghir
http://www.sil.org/linguistics/Glossary ... sticTerms/ Glossary of linguistic terms -- SIL international
http://ling.uni-konstanz.de/pages/proj/projiws.htm Interaction of the semantics of words and sentences
http://ling.uni-konstanz.de/pages/proj/intonlex.htm Intonation lexicon
http://ling.uni-konstanz.de/pages/proj/ ... ation.html Variation and evolution in the lexicon
http://typo.uni-konstanz.de/archive/intro/ Universals archive
http://typo.uni-konstanz.de/rara/intro/ Grammatic rarity cabinet (GRAMMATISCHE RARITÄTENKABINETT)
http://ling.uni-konstanz.de/pages/home/ ... mentation/ Online Documentation of Kolyma Yukaghir
http://www.sil.org/linguistics/Glossary ... sticTerms/ Glossary of linguistic terms -- SIL international
Re: resources
If you're looking for a good word generator, this works fairly well. I don't think it handles Unicode, and it was originally a Dwarf Fortress tool, but it might be useful. Play around with it.
Re: resources
While this does indeed look useful, I'm afraid that, in my infinite ignorance of technology, I can't figure out how to run it (on a Mac). I've tried directing it to the proper file in terminal, but whenever I try to get it to do something, terminal tells me,dhokarena56 wrote:If you're looking for a good word generator, this works fairly well. I don't think it handles Unicode, and it was originally a Dwarf Fortress tool, but it might be useful. Play around with it.
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python: can't open file 'DFLang': [Errno 2] No such file or directory
"A positive attitude may not solve all your problems, but it will annoy enough people to make it worth the effort."
–Herm Albright
Even better than a proto-conlang, it's the *kondn̥ǵʰwéh₂s
–Herm Albright
Even better than a proto-conlang, it's the *kondn̥ǵʰwéh₂s
Re: resources
Der Digitale Wenker-Atlas (Background):
http://www.diwa.info/DiWA/atlas.aspx
Warning: Needs Windows, since the installation for the JPEG2000 plugin you need is .exes all the way down.
http://www.diwa.info/DiWA/atlas.aspx
Warning: Needs Windows, since the installation for the JPEG2000 plugin you need is .exes all the way down.
- the duke of nuke
- Avisaru
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Re: resources
Magnificent. Thanks for the link.cedh audmanh wrote:Recordings of Babylonian and Assyrian poetry (University of London)
XinuX wrote:I learned this language, but then I sneezed and now am in prison for high treason. 0/10 would not speak again.