Romanization challenge thread
- Nortaneous
- Sumerul

- Posts: 4544
- Joined: Mon Apr 13, 2009 1:52 am
- Location: the Imperial Corridor
Re: Romanization challenge thread
/p t ʈ c k/ <p t tt ch k>
/b bʷ d ɖ ɟ ɡ/ <b bw d dd j g>
/m̥ m̥ʷ n̥ ɳ̊ ɲ̊ ŋ̊/ <hm hmw hn hnn hny hng>
/m mʷ n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ <m mw n nn ny ng>
/f θ ð s ʃ x/ <f th dh s sh x>
/ɥ̊ ʍ l̥ h/ <hwy hw hl h>
/ɥ w l ɽ/ <wy w l r>
/iː yː uː eː øː ɤː oː ɔː~œː æː aː/
/i y u e ø ɤ o ɔ~œ æ a/ <i ü u e ö ë ô ä a>
mʷɤɖu waːhe ka θuːʈ ey ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e. kene ɤɖu y ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e, ke ame l̥ɔ meic eðɤː ɲ̊i ban bucen me l̥ɔ θiðɤ koŋ. haba li xop me ɤɖumwe wɔ koŋ aː l̥ɔ ðɤ mʷɤɖu he θiðɤ hoːt ai. me e ɤlɤ ðɤ koŋ eɥ ʍahajɤ me he toːʈɤ ɟimeɥ ɲ̊i ɲ̊ej me ebæ ðɤ dok ame wɔ ae ycy amaː laba ɲ̊in. me he but ka oː fækaʈ me ebæ n̊en, me he but me oː but hɔɲɔːɥ, me haba ke at ɲ̊in li xop me ɤlɤ θiðɤ ka ɲ̊i ban ɥɤː.
Mwëddu waahe ka thuutt eü hnyi jee hme. Kene ëddu ü hnyi jee hme, ke ame hlô meich edhëë hnyi ban buchen me hlo thidhë kong. Haba li xop me ëddumwe wô kong aa hlô dhë mwëddu he thidhë hoot ai. Me e ëlë dhë kong eü hwahayë me he toottë jimeü hnyi hnyei me ebä dhë dok ame wô ae üchü amaa laba hnyin. Me he but ka oo fäkatt me ebä hnen, me he but e oo but hônyôôü, me haba ke at hnyin li xop me ëlë thidhë ka hnyi ban wyëë.
/b bʷ d ɖ ɟ ɡ/ <b bw d dd j g>
/m̥ m̥ʷ n̥ ɳ̊ ɲ̊ ŋ̊/ <hm hmw hn hnn hny hng>
/m mʷ n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ <m mw n nn ny ng>
/f θ ð s ʃ x/ <f th dh s sh x>
/ɥ̊ ʍ l̥ h/ <hwy hw hl h>
/ɥ w l ɽ/ <wy w l r>
/iː yː uː eː øː ɤː oː ɔː~œː æː aː/
/i y u e ø ɤ o ɔ~œ æ a/ <i ü u e ö ë ô ä a>
mʷɤɖu waːhe ka θuːʈ ey ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e. kene ɤɖu y ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e, ke ame l̥ɔ meic eðɤː ɲ̊i ban bucen me l̥ɔ θiðɤ koŋ. haba li xop me ɤɖumwe wɔ koŋ aː l̥ɔ ðɤ mʷɤɖu he θiðɤ hoːt ai. me e ɤlɤ ðɤ koŋ eɥ ʍahajɤ me he toːʈɤ ɟimeɥ ɲ̊i ɲ̊ej me ebæ ðɤ dok ame wɔ ae ycy amaː laba ɲ̊in. me he but ka oː fækaʈ me ebæ n̊en, me he but me oː but hɔɲɔːɥ, me haba ke at ɲ̊in li xop me ɤlɤ θiðɤ ka ɲ̊i ban ɥɤː.
Mwëddu waahe ka thuutt eü hnyi jee hme. Kene ëddu ü hnyi jee hme, ke ame hlô meich edhëë hnyi ban buchen me hlo thidhë kong. Haba li xop me ëddumwe wô kong aa hlô dhë mwëddu he thidhë hoot ai. Me e ëlë dhë kong eü hwahayë me he toottë jimeü hnyi hnyei me ebä dhë dok ame wô ae üchü amaa laba hnyin. Me he but ka oo fäkatt me ebä hnen, me he but e oo but hônyôôü, me haba ke at hnyin li xop me ëlë thidhë ka hnyi ban wyëë.
Siöö jandeng raiglin zåbei tandiüłåd;
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
- Nortaneous
- Sumerul

- Posts: 4544
- Joined: Mon Apr 13, 2009 1:52 am
- Location: the Imperial Corridor
Re: Romanization challenge thread
/p t ʈ c k/ <p t tg tch c/qu>
/b bʷ d ɖ ɟ ɡ/ <b bou d dg dj g>
/m̥ m̥ʷ n̥ ɳ̊ ɲ̊ ŋ̊/ <mh mhou nh chn sgn hng>
/m mʷ n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ <m mou n nr gn ng>
/f θ ð s ʃ x/ <f ç/c dh s ch gh>
/ɥ̊ ʍ l̥ h/ <hu hou sl h>
/ɥ w l ɽ/ <u ou l r>
/iː yː uː eː øː ɤː oː ɔː~œː æː aː/
/i y u e ø ɤ o ɔ~œ æ a/ <i u ou e eu è o oe ai a>
mʷɤɖu waːhe ka θuːʈ ey ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e. kene ɤɖu y ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e, ke ame l̥ɔ meic eðɤː ɲ̊i ban bucen me l̥ɔ θiðɤ koŋ. haba li xop me ɤɖumwe wɔ koŋ aː l̥ɔ ðɤ mʷɤɖu he θiðɤ hoːt ai. me e ɤlɤ ðɤ koŋ eɥ ʍahajɤ me he toːʈɤ ɟimeɥ ɲ̊i ɲ̊ej me ebæ ðɤ dok ame wɔ ae ycy amaː laba ɲ̊in. me he but ka oː fækaʈ me ebæ n̊en, me he but me oː but hɔɲɔːɥ, me haba ke at ɲ̊in li xop me ɤlɤ θiðɤ ka ɲ̊i ban ɥɤː.
Mouedgou ouáhe ka çoútg eü sgni djé mhe. Quene edgou u sgni djé me, que ame sloe meitch edhê sgni ban boutchen me sloe cidhè cong. Haba li ghop me èdgoumoue ouoe cong á sloe dhè mouedgou he cidhè hót aï. Me e èlè dhè cong eü houahaiè me he tótgè djimeü sgni sgnei me ebai dhè doc ame ouoe ae utchu amá laba sgnin. Me he bout ca ó faicatg me ebai nhen, me he bout me ó bout hoegnoéü, me haba que at sgnin li ghop me èlè cidhè ca sgni ban uê.
/b bʷ d ɖ ɟ ɡ/ <b bou d dg dj g>
/m̥ m̥ʷ n̥ ɳ̊ ɲ̊ ŋ̊/ <mh mhou nh chn sgn hng>
/m mʷ n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ <m mou n nr gn ng>
/f θ ð s ʃ x/ <f ç/c dh s ch gh>
/ɥ̊ ʍ l̥ h/ <hu hou sl h>
/ɥ w l ɽ/ <u ou l r>
/iː yː uː eː øː ɤː oː ɔː~œː æː aː/
/i y u e ø ɤ o ɔ~œ æ a/ <i u ou e eu è o oe ai a>
mʷɤɖu waːhe ka θuːʈ ey ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e. kene ɤɖu y ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e, ke ame l̥ɔ meic eðɤː ɲ̊i ban bucen me l̥ɔ θiðɤ koŋ. haba li xop me ɤɖumwe wɔ koŋ aː l̥ɔ ðɤ mʷɤɖu he θiðɤ hoːt ai. me e ɤlɤ ðɤ koŋ eɥ ʍahajɤ me he toːʈɤ ɟimeɥ ɲ̊i ɲ̊ej me ebæ ðɤ dok ame wɔ ae ycy amaː laba ɲ̊in. me he but ka oː fækaʈ me ebæ n̊en, me he but me oː but hɔɲɔːɥ, me haba ke at ɲ̊in li xop me ɤlɤ θiðɤ ka ɲ̊i ban ɥɤː.
Mouedgou ouáhe ka çoútg eü sgni djé mhe. Quene edgou u sgni djé me, que ame sloe meitch edhê sgni ban boutchen me sloe cidhè cong. Haba li ghop me èdgoumoue ouoe cong á sloe dhè mouedgou he cidhè hót aï. Me e èlè dhè cong eü houahaiè me he tótgè djimeü sgni sgnei me ebai dhè doc ame ouoe ae utchu amá laba sgnin. Me he bout ca ó faicatg me ebai nhen, me he bout me ó bout hoegnoéü, me haba que at sgnin li ghop me èlè cidhè ca sgni ban uê.
Siöö jandeng raiglin zåbei tandiüłåd;
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
Re: Romanization challenge thread
/p t ʈ c k/ <p t rt/ert ty k>
/b bʷ d ɖ ɟ ɡ/ <b bu d rd/erd dy g>
/m̥ m̥ʷ n̥ ɳ̊ ɲ̊ ŋ̊/ <mh mhu nh rnh/ernh nhy ngh>
/m mʷ n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ <m mu n rn/ern ny ng>
/f θ ð s ʃ x/ <f th dh s sh c>
/ɥ̊ ʍ l̥ h/ <yh hu lh h>
/ɥ w l ɽ/ <y u l r>
/iː yː uː eː øː ɤː oː ɔː~œː æː aː/ <í ű ú é ő ó œ́ ǽ á>
/i y u e ø ɤ o ɔ~œ æ a/ <i ü u e ö o œ æ a>
/mʷɤɖu waːhe ka θuːʈ ey ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e. kene ɤɖu y ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e, ke ame l̥ɔ meic eðɤː ɲ̊i ban bucen me l̥ɔ θiðɤ koŋ. haba li xop me ɤɖumwe wɔ koŋ aː l̥ɔ ðɤ mʷɤɖu he θiðɤ hoːt ai. me e ɤlɤ ðɤ koŋ eɥ ʍahajɤ me he toːʈɤ ɟimeɥ ɲ̊i ɲ̊ej me ebæ ðɤ dok ame wɔ ae ycy amaː laba ɲ̊in. me he but ka oː fækaʈ me ebæ n̊en, me he but me oː but hɔɲɔːɥ, me haba ke at ɲ̊in li xop me ɤlɤ θiðɤ ka ɲ̊i ban ɥɤː./
Muördu uáhe ka thúrt eü nhyi dyé mhe. Kene ördu ü nhyi dyé mhe, ke ame lhœ meity edhő nhyi ban butyen me lhœ thidhö kong. Haba li cop me ördumwe wœ kong á lhœ dhö muördu he thidhö hót ai. Me e ölö dhö kong ey huahayö me he tórtö dyimey nhyi nhyey me ebæ dhö dok ame wœ ae ütyü amá laba nhyin. Me he but ka ó fækart me ebæ nhen, me he but me ó but honyóy, me haba ke at nhyin li cop me ölö thidhö ka nhyi ban yő.
/b bʷ d ɖ ɟ ɡ/ <b bu d rd/erd dy g>
/m̥ m̥ʷ n̥ ɳ̊ ɲ̊ ŋ̊/ <mh mhu nh rnh/ernh nhy ngh>
/m mʷ n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ <m mu n rn/ern ny ng>
/f θ ð s ʃ x/ <f th dh s sh c>
/ɥ̊ ʍ l̥ h/ <yh hu lh h>
/ɥ w l ɽ/ <y u l r>
/iː yː uː eː øː ɤː oː ɔː~œː æː aː/ <í ű ú é ő ó œ́ ǽ á>
/i y u e ø ɤ o ɔ~œ æ a/ <i ü u e ö o œ æ a>
/mʷɤɖu waːhe ka θuːʈ ey ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e. kene ɤɖu y ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e, ke ame l̥ɔ meic eðɤː ɲ̊i ban bucen me l̥ɔ θiðɤ koŋ. haba li xop me ɤɖumwe wɔ koŋ aː l̥ɔ ðɤ mʷɤɖu he θiðɤ hoːt ai. me e ɤlɤ ðɤ koŋ eɥ ʍahajɤ me he toːʈɤ ɟimeɥ ɲ̊i ɲ̊ej me ebæ ðɤ dok ame wɔ ae ycy amaː laba ɲ̊in. me he but ka oː fækaʈ me ebæ n̊en, me he but me oː but hɔɲɔːɥ, me haba ke at ɲ̊in li xop me ɤlɤ θiðɤ ka ɲ̊i ban ɥɤː./
Muördu uáhe ka thúrt eü nhyi dyé mhe. Kene ördu ü nhyi dyé mhe, ke ame lhœ meity edhő nhyi ban butyen me lhœ thidhö kong. Haba li cop me ördumwe wœ kong á lhœ dhö muördu he thidhö hót ai. Me e ölö dhö kong ey huahayö me he tórtö dyimey nhyi nhyey me ebæ dhö dok ame wœ ae ütyü amá laba nhyin. Me he but ka ó fækart me ebæ nhen, me he but me ó but honyóy, me haba ke at nhyin li cop me ölö thidhö ka nhyi ban yő.
næn:älʉː
Re: Romanization challenge thread
Iaai
/p t ʈ c k/ <p t rt kj k>
/b bʷ d ɖ ɟ ɡ/ <b bv d rd gj g>
/m̥ m̥ʷ n̥ ɳ̊ ɲ̊ ŋ̊/ <hm hmv hn hrn hgn hng>
/m mʷ n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ <m mv n rn gn ng>
/f θ ð s ʃ x/ <f th dh s x r>
/ɥ̊ ʍ l̥ h/ <hj hv hl h>
/ɥ w l ɽ/ <j v l hr>
iː yː uː eː øː ɤː oː ɔː~œː æː aː > í ý ú é éú úé ó óé áí á
i y u e ø ɤ o ɔ~œ æ a > i y u e eu ue o oe ai a
Mvuerdu váhe ka thúrt ey hgni gjé hme. Kene uerdu y hgni gjé hme, ke ame hloe meikj edhúé hgni ban bukjen me hloe thidhue kong. Haba li rop me uerdumve voe kong á hloe dhue mvuerdu he thidhue hót ai. Me e uelue dhue kong ej hvahajue me he tórtue gjimej hgni hgnej me ebai dhue dok ame voe ae ykjy amá laba hgnin. Me he but ka ó faikart me ebai hnen, me he but me ó but hoegnóéj, me haba ke at hgnin li rop me uelue thidhue ka hgni ban júé.
<mʷɤɖu waːhe ka θuːʈ ey ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e. kene ɤɖu y ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e, ke ame l̥ɔ meic eðɤː ɲ̊i ban bucen me l̥ɔ θiðɤ koŋ. haba li xop me ɤɖumwe wɔ koŋ aː l̥ɔ ðɤ mʷɤɖu he θiðɤ hoːt ai. me e ɤlɤ ðɤ koŋ eɥ ʍahajɤ me he toːʈɤ ɟimeɥ ɲ̊i ɲ̊ej me ebæ ðɤ dok ame wɔ ae ycy amaː laba ɲ̊in. me he but ka oː fækaʈ me ebæ n̊en, me he but me oː but hɔɲɔːɥ, me haba ke at ɲ̊in li xop me ɤlɤ θiðɤ ka ɲ̊i ban ɥɤː.>
/p t ʈ c k/ <p t rt kj k>
/b bʷ d ɖ ɟ ɡ/ <b bv d rd gj g>
/m̥ m̥ʷ n̥ ɳ̊ ɲ̊ ŋ̊/ <hm hmv hn hrn hgn hng>
/m mʷ n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ <m mv n rn gn ng>
/f θ ð s ʃ x/ <f th dh s x r>
/ɥ̊ ʍ l̥ h/ <hj hv hl h>
/ɥ w l ɽ/ <j v l hr>
iː yː uː eː øː ɤː oː ɔː~œː æː aː > í ý ú é éú úé ó óé áí á
i y u e ø ɤ o ɔ~œ æ a > i y u e eu ue o oe ai a
Mvuerdu váhe ka thúrt ey hgni gjé hme. Kene uerdu y hgni gjé hme, ke ame hloe meikj edhúé hgni ban bukjen me hloe thidhue kong. Haba li rop me uerdumve voe kong á hloe dhue mvuerdu he thidhue hót ai. Me e uelue dhue kong ej hvahajue me he tórtue gjimej hgni hgnej me ebai dhue dok ame voe ae ykjy amá laba hgnin. Me he but ka ó faikart me ebai hnen, me he but me ó but hoegnóéj, me haba ke at hgnin li rop me uelue thidhue ka hgni ban júé.
<mʷɤɖu waːhe ka θuːʈ ey ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e. kene ɤɖu y ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e, ke ame l̥ɔ meic eðɤː ɲ̊i ban bucen me l̥ɔ θiðɤ koŋ. haba li xop me ɤɖumwe wɔ koŋ aː l̥ɔ ðɤ mʷɤɖu he θiðɤ hoːt ai. me e ɤlɤ ðɤ koŋ eɥ ʍahajɤ me he toːʈɤ ɟimeɥ ɲ̊i ɲ̊ej me ebæ ðɤ dok ame wɔ ae ycy amaː laba ɲ̊in. me he but ka oː fækaʈ me ebæ n̊en, me he but me oː but hɔɲɔːɥ, me haba ke at ɲ̊in li xop me ɤlɤ θiðɤ ka ɲ̊i ban ɥɤː.>
Last edited by Daedolon on Tue Sep 23, 2014 6:16 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Re: Romanization challenge thread
(same consonant romanisaton as above, just playing with the vowels)
/iː yː uː eː øː ɤː oː ɔː~œː æː aː/ <í ué ú é oé ó oú eá á>
/i y u e ø ɤ o ɔ~œ æ a/ <i ue u e oe o ou ae a>
/mʷɤɖu waːhe ka θuːʈ ey ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e. kene ɤɖu y ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e, ke ame l̥ɔ meic eðɤː ɲ̊i ban bucen me l̥ɔ θiðɤ koŋ. haba li xop me ɤɖumwe wɔ koŋ aː l̥ɔ ðɤ mʷɤɖu he θiðɤ hoːt ai. me e ɤlɤ ðɤ koŋ eɥ ʍahajɤ me he toːʈɤ ɟimeɥ ɲ̊i ɲ̊ej me ebæ ðɤ dok ame wɔ ae ycy amaː laba ɲ̊in. me he but ka oː fækaʈ me ebæ n̊en, me he but me oː but hɔɲɔːɥ, me haba ke at ɲ̊in li xop me ɤlɤ θiðɤ ka ɲ̊i ban ɥɤː./
Muoerdu uáhe ka thúrt eue nhyi dyé mhe. Kene oerdu ue nhyi dyé mhe, ke ame lhou meity edhoé nhyi ban butyen me lhou thidhoe kong. Haba li cop me oerdumwe wou kong á lhou dhoe muoerdu he thidhoe hót ai. Me e oeloe dhoe kong ey huahayoe me he tórtoe dyimey nhyi nhyey me ebea dhoe dok ame wou ae uetyue amá laba nhyin. Me he but ka ó feakart me ebea nhen, me he but me ó but honyóy, me haba ke at nhyin li cop me oeloe thidhoe ka nhyi ban yoé.
/iː yː uː eː øː ɤː oː ɔː~œː æː aː/ <í ué ú é oé ó oú eá á>
/i y u e ø ɤ o ɔ~œ æ a/ <i ue u e oe o ou ae a>
/mʷɤɖu waːhe ka θuːʈ ey ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e. kene ɤɖu y ɲ̊i ɟeː m̊e, ke ame l̥ɔ meic eðɤː ɲ̊i ban bucen me l̥ɔ θiðɤ koŋ. haba li xop me ɤɖumwe wɔ koŋ aː l̥ɔ ðɤ mʷɤɖu he θiðɤ hoːt ai. me e ɤlɤ ðɤ koŋ eɥ ʍahajɤ me he toːʈɤ ɟimeɥ ɲ̊i ɲ̊ej me ebæ ðɤ dok ame wɔ ae ycy amaː laba ɲ̊in. me he but ka oː fækaʈ me ebæ n̊en, me he but me oː but hɔɲɔːɥ, me haba ke at ɲ̊in li xop me ɤlɤ θiðɤ ka ɲ̊i ban ɥɤː./
Muoerdu uáhe ka thúrt eue nhyi dyé mhe. Kene oerdu ue nhyi dyé mhe, ke ame lhou meity edhoé nhyi ban butyen me lhou thidhoe kong. Haba li cop me oerdumwe wou kong á lhou dhoe muoerdu he thidhoe hót ai. Me e oeloe dhoe kong ey huahayoe me he tórtoe dyimey nhyi nhyey me ebea dhoe dok ame wou ae uetyue amá laba nhyin. Me he but ka ó feakart me ebea nhen, me he but me ó but honyóy, me haba ke at nhyin li cop me oeloe thidhoe ka nhyi ban yoé.
næn:älʉː
Re: Romanization challenge thread
Old Church Slavonic:
/m n ɲ/
/p b t d ts dz tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd k g/
/s z ʃ ʒ (ɕ) x/
/r rʲ l ʎ ʋ j/
/i ɪ ʊ ɯ u/
/e ẽ o õ/
/æ a/
/ʃt/~[c]~[ʃtʃ], /ʒd/~[ɟ]~[ʒdʒ] in various dialects.
Before /j/ : /ɪ/~/i/ and /ʊ/~/ɯ/.
After /ʃ ʒ ɕ tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd ɲ rʲ ʎ j/ : /ɪ/~/ʊ/.
/ɪ ʊ ɯ e ẽ/ cannot occur word-initially.
Front vowels cannot follow /k g x/.
/o ɯ ɪ æ/ cannot follow /ʃ ʒ ɕ tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd ɲ rʲ ʎ j/.
/o ɯ ʊ/ cannot follow /ts dz/.
No geminates.
/j/ only occurs at the beginnings of syllables.
All syllables are open; the maximal syllable is CCCCV.
/i pristõpi kʊ ɲemu dijæʋolʊ jiskuʃajẽ ji i retʃe aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji rɪtsi da kamenije se xʎæbi bõdõtʊ onʊ ʒe otʊʋæʃtaʋʊ retʃe piʃetʊ ne o xʎæbæ jedinomɪ poʒiʋetʊ tʃeloʋækʊ nʊ o ʋɕemɪ glagoʎæ jisxodẽʃtijɪmɪ jiz ustʊ boʒiji togda pojẽtʊ i dijæʋolʊ ʋʊ stænɯ gradʊ i postaʋi i na kriʎæ tsrʊkʊʋɪɲæmɪ i glagola jemu aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji pusti sebe dolu piʃetʊ bo jæko anʊʒdelomʊ sʋojimʊ zapoʋæstʊ o tebæ i na rõkaxʊ ʋʊzʊmõtʊ tẽ da ne kogda prʲætʊkneʃi o kamenɪ nogõ sʋojõ/
/m n ɲ/
/p b t d ts dz tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd k g/
/s z ʃ ʒ (ɕ) x/
/r rʲ l ʎ ʋ j/
/i ɪ ʊ ɯ u/
/e ẽ o õ/
/æ a/
/ʃt/~[c]~[ʃtʃ], /ʒd/~[ɟ]~[ʒdʒ] in various dialects.
Before /j/ : /ɪ/~/i/ and /ʊ/~/ɯ/.
After /ʃ ʒ ɕ tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd ɲ rʲ ʎ j/ : /ɪ/~/ʊ/.
/ɪ ʊ ɯ e ẽ/ cannot occur word-initially.
Front vowels cannot follow /k g x/.
/o ɯ ɪ æ/ cannot follow /ʃ ʒ ɕ tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd ɲ rʲ ʎ j/.
/o ɯ ʊ/ cannot follow /ts dz/.
No geminates.
/j/ only occurs at the beginnings of syllables.
All syllables are open; the maximal syllable is CCCCV.
/i pristõpi kʊ ɲemu dijæʋolʊ jiskuʃajẽ ji i retʃe aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji rɪtsi da kamenije se xʎæbi bõdõtʊ onʊ ʒe otʊʋæʃtaʋʊ retʃe piʃetʊ ne o xʎæbæ jedinomɪ poʒiʋetʊ tʃeloʋækʊ nʊ o ʋɕemɪ glagoʎæ jisxodẽʃtijɪmɪ jiz ustʊ boʒiji togda pojẽtʊ i dijæʋolʊ ʋʊ stænɯ gradʊ i postaʋi i na kriʎæ tsrʊkʊʋɪɲæmɪ i glagola jemu aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji pusti sebe dolu piʃetʊ bo jæko anʊʒdelomʊ sʋojimʊ zapoʋæstʊ o tebæ i na rõkaxʊ ʋʊzʊmõtʊ tẽ da ne kogda prʲætʊkneʃi o kamenɪ nogõ sʋojõ/
Re: Romanization challenge thread
Old Church Slavonic:
/m n ɲ/ <m n ń>
/p b t d ts dz tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd k g/ <p b t d c ʒ č ǯ ć ʒ́ k g>
/s z ʃ ʒ (ɕ) x/ <s z š ž ś h>
/r rʲ l ʎ ʋ j/ <r ŕ l ĺ v j>
/i ɪ ʊ ɯ u/ <i ĭ ŭ y u>
/e ẽ o õ/ <e ę o ǫ>
/æ a/ <á a>
/i pristõpi kʊ ɲemu dijæʋolʊ jiskuʃajẽ ji i retʃe aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji rɪtsi da kamenije se xʎæbi bõdõtʊ onʊ ʒe otʊʋæʃtaʋʊ retʃe piʃetʊ ne o xʎæbæ jedinomɪ poʒiʋetʊ tʃeloʋækʊ nʊ o ʋɕemɪ glagoʎæ jisxodẽʃtijɪmɪ jiz ustʊ boʒiji togda pojẽtʊ i dijæʋolʊ ʋʊ stænɯ gradʊ i postaʋi i na kriʎæ tsrʊkʊʋɪɲæmɪ i glagola jemu aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji pusti sebe dolu piʃetʊ bo jæko anʊʒdelomʊ sʋojimʊ zapoʋæstʊ o tebæ i na rõkaxʊ ʋʊzʊmõtʊ tẽ da ne kogda prʲætʊkneʃi o kamenɪ nogõ sʋojõ/
<I pristǫpi kŭ ńemu dijávolŭ jiskušaję ji i reče aće sinŭ jesi božiji rĭci da kamenije se hĺábi bǫdǫtŭ onŭ že otŭváćavŭ reče pišetŭ ne o hĺábá jedinomĭ poživetŭ čelovákŭ nŭ o vśemĭ glagoĺá jishodęćijĭmĭ jiz ŭstŭ božiji togda pojętŭ i dijávolŭ vŭ stány gradŭ i postavi i na kriĺá crŭkŭvĭńámĭ i glagola jenu aće sinŭ jesi božiji pusti sebe dolu pišetŭ bo jáko anŭʒ́elomŭ svojimŭ zapovástŭ o tebá i na rǫkahŭ vŭzŭmǫtŭ tę da ne kogda pŕátŭkneši o kamenĭ nogǫ svojǫ>
/m n ɲ/ <m n ń>
/p b t d ts dz tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd k g/ <p b t d c ʒ č ǯ ć ʒ́ k g>
/s z ʃ ʒ (ɕ) x/ <s z š ž ś h>
/r rʲ l ʎ ʋ j/ <r ŕ l ĺ v j>
/i ɪ ʊ ɯ u/ <i ĭ ŭ y u>
/e ẽ o õ/ <e ę o ǫ>
/æ a/ <á a>
/i pristõpi kʊ ɲemu dijæʋolʊ jiskuʃajẽ ji i retʃe aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji rɪtsi da kamenije se xʎæbi bõdõtʊ onʊ ʒe otʊʋæʃtaʋʊ retʃe piʃetʊ ne o xʎæbæ jedinomɪ poʒiʋetʊ tʃeloʋækʊ nʊ o ʋɕemɪ glagoʎæ jisxodẽʃtijɪmɪ jiz ustʊ boʒiji togda pojẽtʊ i dijæʋolʊ ʋʊ stænɯ gradʊ i postaʋi i na kriʎæ tsrʊkʊʋɪɲæmɪ i glagola jemu aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji pusti sebe dolu piʃetʊ bo jæko anʊʒdelomʊ sʋojimʊ zapoʋæstʊ o tebæ i na rõkaxʊ ʋʊzʊmõtʊ tẽ da ne kogda prʲætʊkneʃi o kamenɪ nogõ sʋojõ/
<I pristǫpi kŭ ńemu dijávolŭ jiskušaję ji i reče aće sinŭ jesi božiji rĭci da kamenije se hĺábi bǫdǫtŭ onŭ že otŭváćavŭ reče pišetŭ ne o hĺábá jedinomĭ poživetŭ čelovákŭ nŭ o vśemĭ glagoĺá jishodęćijĭmĭ jiz ŭstŭ božiji togda pojętŭ i dijávolŭ vŭ stány gradŭ i postavi i na kriĺá crŭkŭvĭńámĭ i glagola jenu aće sinŭ jesi božiji pusti sebe dolu pišetŭ bo jáko anŭʒ́elomŭ svojimŭ zapovástŭ o tebá i na rǫkahŭ vŭzŭmǫtŭ tę da ne kogda pŕátŭkneši o kamenĭ nogǫ svojǫ>
You can tell the same lie a thousand times,
But it never gets any more true,
So close your eyes once more and once more believe
That they all still believe in you.
Just one time.
But it never gets any more true,
So close your eyes once more and once more believe
That they all still believe in you.
Just one time.
Re: Romanization challenge thread
/m n ɲ/ <m nh/n n/ni>
/p b t d ts dz tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd k g/ <p b t d ț d̦ c/ci g/gi şt jd ch/c gh/g>
/s z ʃ ʒ (ɕ) x/ <s z ş j ḩ>
/r rʲ l ʎ ʋ j/ <rh/r r/ri lh/l l/li u i>
/i ɪ ʊ ɯ u/ <i î û y u>
/e ẽ o õ/ <e ẽ o õ>
/æ a/ <a/e â/a>
I prhistõpi cû nemu diiawolû iiskuşaiẽ ii i rhece aşte sinû iesi bojiii rhîți dâ camenhiie se ḩliabi bõdõtû onû je otûuaştauû rhece pişetû nhe o ḩliaba iedinomî pojiuetû celouakû nû o usemî glâgolia iisḩodẽştiiîmî iiz ustû bojiii togdâ poiẽtû i diiauolû uû stany grâdû i postâui i nâ krhilia ţrûcûuîniamî i glagola iemu aşte sinû iesi bojiii pusti sebe solu pişetû bo jaco ânûjdelomû suoiimû zapouastû o teba o nâ rõcaḩû uûzûmõtû tẽ dâ nhe cogda priatûcnheşi o camenhî nogõ suoiõ.
/i pristõpi kʊ ɲemu dijæʋolʊ jiskuʃajẽ ji i retʃe aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji rɪtsi da kamenije se xʎæbi bõdõtʊ onʊ ʒe otʊʋæʃtaʋʊ retʃe piʃetʊ ne o xʎæbæ jedinomɪ poʒiʋetʊ tʃeloʋækʊ nʊ o ʋɕemɪ glagoʎæ jisxodẽʃtijɪmɪ jiz ustʊ boʒiji togda pojẽtʊ i dijæʋolʊ ʋʊ stænɯ gradʊ i postaʋi i na kriʎæ tsrʊkʊʋɪɲæmɪ i glagola jemu aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji pusti sebe dolu piʃetʊ bo jæko anʊʒdelomʊ sʋojimʊ zapoʋæstʊ o tebæ i na rõkaxʊ ʋʊzʊmõtʊ tẽ da ne kogda prʲætʊkneʃi o kamenɪ nogõ sʋojõ/
/p b t d ts dz tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd k g/ <p b t d ț d̦ c/ci g/gi şt jd ch/c gh/g>
/s z ʃ ʒ (ɕ) x/ <s z ş j ḩ>
/r rʲ l ʎ ʋ j/ <rh/r r/ri lh/l l/li u i>
/i ɪ ʊ ɯ u/ <i î û y u>
/e ẽ o õ/ <e ẽ o õ>
/æ a/ <a/e â/a>
I prhistõpi cû nemu diiawolû iiskuşaiẽ ii i rhece aşte sinû iesi bojiii rhîți dâ camenhiie se ḩliabi bõdõtû onû je otûuaştauû rhece pişetû nhe o ḩliaba iedinomî pojiuetû celouakû nû o usemî glâgolia iisḩodẽştiiîmî iiz ustû bojiii togdâ poiẽtû i diiauolû uû stany grâdû i postâui i nâ krhilia ţrûcûuîniamî i glagola iemu aşte sinû iesi bojiii pusti sebe solu pişetû bo jaco ânûjdelomû suoiimû zapouastû o teba o nâ rõcaḩû uûzûmõtû tẽ dâ nhe cogda priatûcnheşi o camenhî nogõ suoiõ.
/i pristõpi kʊ ɲemu dijæʋolʊ jiskuʃajẽ ji i retʃe aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji rɪtsi da kamenije se xʎæbi bõdõtʊ onʊ ʒe otʊʋæʃtaʋʊ retʃe piʃetʊ ne o xʎæbæ jedinomɪ poʒiʋetʊ tʃeloʋækʊ nʊ o ʋɕemɪ glagoʎæ jisxodẽʃtijɪmɪ jiz ustʊ boʒiji togda pojẽtʊ i dijæʋolʊ ʋʊ stænɯ gradʊ i postaʋi i na kriʎæ tsrʊkʊʋɪɲæmɪ i glagola jemu aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji pusti sebe dolu piʃetʊ bo jæko anʊʒdelomʊ sʋojimʊ zapoʋæstʊ o tebæ i na rõkaxʊ ʋʊzʊmõtʊ tẽ da ne kogda prʲætʊkneʃi o kamenɪ nogõ sʋojõ/
Knowledge is power, and power corrupts. So study hard and be evil!
Re: Romanization challenge thread
I've got a big challenge for you. I'm working with this conlang family, and want a unified orthography for it. I have come up with something on my own, but I'm not completely satisfied with all details. It's hard to come up with something that is both unifying, but still makes sense for each individual language. So I thought it'd be interesting to see what you can come up with.
Some of these languages have phonemic stress, but I don't how to mark that. Maybe it can be left out otherwise, but a dictionary might need some kind of marking. Maybe the stressed syllable could be preceded by a ·, or maybe the initial letter, be it a vowel or consonant, could have an underdot?
When devicing an orthography, you can either base it on my transcription scheme, or you can come up with something completely different.
Most of these languages allow at least some diphthongs (generally ending with /i/ or /u/). Some also have certain vowel combinations in hiatus. Shchubẽ, Tēsōbẽ, Agabẽ, and Lingo̱bẽ allow quite a large variety of diphthongs, so vowel digraphs are probably not good for these languages.
Proto-lang
/m/ /n/ [ŋ] ‹m n n›
[mː] [nː] ‹mm nn›
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /ɡ/ ‹p b t d k g›
/pː/ /tː/ /kː/ ‹pp tt kk›
/ts/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/ ‹ts ch j›
/tːs/ /tːʃ/ ‹tts tch›
/f/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ç/ /h/ ‹f s z sh hy h›
/sː/ /ʃː/ /çː/ ‹ss ssh hhy›
/ɺ/ /j/ ‹r y›
/i/ /u/ ‹i u›
/iː/ [ĩː] /uː/ [ũː] ‹ī ĩ ū ũ›
/e/ /o/ ‹e o›
/eː/ [ẽː] /oː/ [õː] ‹ē ẽ ō õ›
/a/ ‹a›
/ɑː/ [ɑ̃ː] ‹ā ã›
[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before a velar.
[mː, nː] are allophones of a coda /n/ followed by a nasal.
Nasalized vowels are allophones of vowel + coda /n/.
Stress is phonemic.
Shchubẽ
/m/ /n/ ‹m n›
/mː/ ‹mm›
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /ɡ/ [ʔ] ‹p b t d k g ∅›
/pː/ /tː/ /kː/ ‹pp tt kk›
[ts] [tʃ] [dʒ] /ʈʂ/ /ɖʐ/ ‹ts ch j ch j›
[tːs] [tːʃ] /ʈːʂ/ ‹tts tch tch›
/f/ /s/ /z/ [ʃ] /ʂ/ [ç] [x̟] [x] [xʷ̜] [xʷ] [x̠] /h/ ‹f s z sh sh h(y) h h h h h h›
/fː/ /sː/ [ʃː] /ʂː/ [çː] /hː/ ‹ff ss ssh ssh hh(y) hh›
/ɾ/ ‹r›
/j/ ‹y›
/i/ /u/ ‹i u›
/iː/ [ĩː] /uː/ [ũː] ‹ī ĩ ū ũ›
/e/ /o/ ‹e o›
/eː/ [ẽː] /oː/ [õː] ‹ē ẽ ō õ›
[ɐ̃ː] ‹ã›
/a/ ‹a›
/ɑː/ ‹ā›
There is a phoneme /nː/, but it's always realized as [n] with nasalization and length on the preceding vowel.
The postalveolars are allophones of the retroflex consonants, as they are in complimentary disctribution.
/ç h/ merge as [ç] in _V[+front, +high] and V[+front, +high]_.
The various velar fricatives are allophones of /h/.
The nasalized vowels are allophones of vowel + /n/.
Word-final consonants are always geminated.
Word-initially, when there are two consonants, sometimes they form a cluster and sometimes the first consonant become a geminated syllabic, making a syllable of its own. It's predictable when this happens: Clusters are formed in polysyllabic words, while syllabification happens in words that would otherwise had only one syllable.
Stress is phonemic. Stressless words receive secondary stress on the last syllable, unless the word is monosyllabic, or if the next word begins with a stressed syllable. But if there is a pause before the next word, then the secondary stress is added to a polysyllabic word.
Example words:
ˈiʈːʂ ich
ˈsɐ̃ː sã
ʃːˈtʃi shchi
aˈnatː anat
ˈzẽːbu zẽbu
ˈoːʔi ōi
skuˈnai skunai
x̟ːˈsoi hsoi
ˈkɑːsɐ̃ː kāsã
ʂːˈpo shpo
ˈkami kami
tʃi chi
ˌɾau rau
ˈʃːtʃubẽː Shchubẽ
ˈũːɾuːtoː Ũrūtō
ˈt(ː)aʃima Ttashima (gemination only realized after words ending with a vowel)
ˈdaiçõːtoː Daihõtō
Tēsōbẽ
/m/ /n/ ‹m n›
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /ɡ/ ‹p b t d k g›
/pː/ /tː/ /kː/ ‹pp tt kk›
/ts/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/ ‹ts ch j›
/tːs/ /tsː/ /tːʃ/ /tʃː/ ‹tts tss tch chh›
/f/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ ‹f s z sh›
/fː/ /sː/ /ʃː/ ‹ff ss ssh›
/ɭ/ /j/ ‹l y›
/i/ [ĩ] [ɯ] [ɯ̃] /u/ [ũ] ‹i i u u u u›
/iː/ /ĩː/ [ɯː] [ɯ̃ː] /uː/ /ũː/ ‹ī ĩ ū ũ ū ũ›
/e/ [ɤ] [ɤ̃] /o/ [õ] ‹e o o o o›
/eː/ ‹ê›
[ɛ̃] ‹e›
/ɛː/ /ɛ̃ː/ [ʌː] [ʌ̃ː] /ɔː/ /ɔ̃ː/ ‹ē ẽ ō õ ō õ›
/a/ /ɑ̃/ ‹a ą/a›
/ɑː/ /ɑ̃ː/ ‹ā ã›
Affricates that have the plosive part geminated appear medially and finally, while affricates that have the fricative part geminated appear medially and initially.
Coda consonants are always geminated.
For some consonants there is a long-short contrast in #_C.
Short nasalized vowels are allophones of the corresponding short oral vowels. They appear when the next syllable begins with a nasal consonant.
Just like stated above, /ɑ̃/ can be an allophone of /a/. However, it can also appear in other environments, wherein it contrasts with /a/ and /ɑ̃ː/.
Unrounded back vowels are allophones of corresponding rounded vowels.
Stress is phonemic.
Example words:
ˈitːʃ ich
ˈsɑ̃ są
ʃːˈtʃi sshchi
ˈnata nata
ˈzɛ̃ːbɯ zẽbu
ˈɔː.i ōi
sũˈnai sunai
oˈsoi osoi
ˈkɑ̃sɑ̃ kąsą
ʃːˈpɤ sshpo
ˈkɑ̃mi kami
ˈkʃi kshi
ˈɭau lau
ˈsotʃubɛ̃ː Shochubẽ
ˈũːɭuːtɔː Ũlūtō
ˈtosaʃĩma Tosashima
ˈdai.ɔ̃ːtɔː Daiõtō
Ũrlūbn̄
/m/ /n/ [ɳ] [ŋ] ‹m n n n›
/mː/ [m̩ː] [ɱ̍ː] /nː/ /n̩ː/ [n̠̍ː] [ɲ̍ː] [ŋ̍ː] ‹mm n̄ n̄ nn n̄ n̄ n̄ n̄›
/pʼ/ /p/ /b/ /tʼ/ /t/ /d/ [ʈ] /kʼ/ /k/ /ɡ/ ‹'p p b 't t d t 'k k g›
/pː/ /bː/ /tː/ /dː/ /kː/ /ɡː/ ‹pp bb tt dd kk gg›
/tsʼ/ /ts/ /tʃʼ/ /tʃ/ [ʈʂ] ‹'ts ts 'ch ch ch›
/tːs/ /tːʃ/ ‹tts tch›
/fʼ/ /f/ /sʼ/ /s/ /ʃʼ/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ [ʂ] [ʐ] /ʝ/ /h/ ‹'f f 's s 'sh sh z s z j h›
/fː/ /sː/ /ʃː/ /ʒː/ [ʂː] [ʐː] /ʝː/ ‹ff ss ssh zz ss zz jj›
[r] ‹r›
/l/ /j/ ‹l y›
/i/ [ʉ] /u/ ‹i u u›
/iː/ /ĩː/ [ʉː] [ʉ̃ː] /uː/ /ũː/ ‹ī ĩ ū ũ ū ũ›
/e/ /o/ ‹e o›
/eː/ /oː/ /õː/ ‹ē ō õ›
[ɛ] /ɔ˞/ ‹e or›
[ɛ̃ː] ‹ẽ›
/a/ /ɑ˞/ ‹a ar›
/aː/ /ɑ̃ː/ ‹ā ã›
[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before a velar.
The syllabic nasals are allophones of /n̩ː/.
The phonemic status of the long voiced consonants is questionable, I'm not sure if it contrasts with anything.
Alveolars and postalveolars merge as retroflex consonants in some environments.
[r] only appears before /l/. It doesn't contrast with anything.
I'm unsure about the central high vowels. [ʉː] might very well be phonemic.
Stress is phonemic. All words have one stressed syllable, either primary or secondary, except for some monosyllabic words. Secondary stress always falls on the last syllable, and is thus moved when a word is suffixed.
Example words:
ˈitʃʼ i'ch
ˈsɑ̃ː sã
ˈʃti shti
ˈnaːt nāt
ˈsembe sembe
ˈɔ˞.e ore
skoˈnai skonai
hʉˈsoi husoi
ˈkɑ˞sɑ̃ː karsã
ʃeˈpʼo she'po
ˈkame kame
kʃe kshe
ˌluː lū
ˈʃotʃebn̩ː Shochebn̄
ˈũːrlʉːtɔ˞ Ũrlūtor
ˈtɔ˞ʂʃemʉ Torsshemu
ˈdaihɑ̃ːtɔ˞ Daihãtor
Tozabẽ
/m/ /n/ [ŋ] ‹m n n›
/mː/ /nː/ ‹mm nn›
/b/ /t/ /d/ [c] /ɟ/ /k/ /ɡ/ /ʔ/ ‹b t d j j k g '›
/bː/ /tː/ /cː/ /kː/ ‹bb tt tj kk›
/ts/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/ ‹ts ch ǰ›
/tːs/ /tːʃ/ ‹tts tch›
/f/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ [ʂ] [ʐ] /ç/ /h/ [ɦ] ‹f s z sh s z hy h h›
/sː/ /ʃː/ [ʂː] ‹ss ssh ss›
/l/ /j/ ‹l y/i›
/i/ /u/ ‹i u›
/iː/ /ĩː/ /uː/ /ũː/ ‹ī ĩ ū ũ›
/e/ /ə/ /o/ ‹e ë o›
/eː/ /õː/ ‹ē õ›
[ɛ] ‹e›
/ɛ̃ː/ ‹ẽ›
/a/ ‹a›
/ɑ˞ː/ /ɑ̃ː/ /ɒ˞ː/ ‹ar ã or›
[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before velars.
[c] is an allophone of /ɟ/ after voiceless consonants.
/s, ʃ, ç/ merge as [ʂ] after rhotactisized vowels.
[ʐ] is an allophone of /z/ after rhotactisized vowels.
[ɦ] is an allophone of /h/.
Diphthongs are not allowed. /j/ can appear in coda.
[ɛ] is an allophone of /e/.
Stress is not phonemic.
Example words:
ˈit it
ˈsɑ̃ː sã
əʃˈci ëshji
naˈda nada
zemˈbu zembu
ɒ˞ːˈʔi or'i
əskuˈnaj ëskunai
ɑ˞ːˈʐoj arzoi
kɑ˞ːˈʐɑ̃ː karzã
əʃˈbo ëshbo
kaˈmi kami
əkˈci ëkji
laˈʔu la'u
ʃodʒuˈbɛ̃ː Shoǰubẽ
ũːluːˈdɒ˞ː Ũlūdor
tozadʒiˈma Tozaǰima
dajɦõːˈdɒ˞ː Daihõdor
Agabẽ
/m/ /n/ ‹m n›
/mː/ /nː/ /ŋː/ ‹mm nn ng›
/b/ /t/ /d/ [c] /ɟ/ /k/ /ɡ/ ‹b t d j j k g›
/pː/ /tː/ /cː/ /kː/ ‹pp tt tj kk›
/tʃ/ /dʒ/ ‹ch ǰ›
/tːʃ/ ‹tch›
/f/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ [ʂ] [ʐ] /ç/ /h/ [ɦ] ‹f s z sh s z hy h h›
/fː/ /sː/ /ʃː/ [ʂː] /çː/ ‹ff ss ssh ss hhy›
/l/ /j/ [w] ‹l y ∅›
/i/ [ĩ] [ɯ] [ɯ̃] /u/ [ũ] ‹i ĩ u ũ u ũ›
/iː/ [ɯː] /uː/ ‹ī ū ū›
/e/ [ə] [ɤ] [ɤ̃] /o/ [õ] ‹e ë o õ o õ›
/eː/ [ɤː] /oː/ ‹ē ō ō›
[ɛ̃] ‹ẽ›
[ɐ] ‹a›
/a/ [ɑ] [ɑ̃] ‹a a ã›
/aː/ /ɑ˞ː/ /ɒ˞ː/ ‹ā ar or›
I have skipped the tilde before mC and nC.
[c] is an allophone of /ɟ/ next to an unvoiced consonant.
/s, ʃ, ç/ merge as [ʂ] after rhotactisized vowels.
[ʐ] is an allophone of /z/ after rhotactisized vowels.
[ɦ] is an allophone of /h/.
[w] is inserted in uː_V.
Nasalized vowels are allophones of the corresponding oral vowels before coda nasals. Coda nasals are elided except before /b/. /ŋː/ counts as a coda + onset consonant.
[ə] is an epenthetic vowel word-initially before two consonants. It also appears as an allophone of /i, u/ in monosyllabic function words.
[ɐ] is an allophone of /e, o, a/ in monosyllabic function words.
[ɑ] is an allophone of /a/.
The other unrounded back vowels are allophones of the corresponding rounded vowels.
/ɑ˞ː, ɒ˞ː/ merge as /ɑ˞ː/ after labials.
Stress is not phonemic.
Example words:
ˈitʃ ich
ˈsɑ̃ sã
ʃˈci (suffixed to previous word if it ends with a vowel), ˈçi (otherwise) shji
naˈda nada
zɛ̃mˈbɯ zembu
ɒ˞ːˈi ori
əskuˈnai ëskunai
hoˈzoi hozoi
kɑ˞ːˈʐɑ̃ karzã
əʃˈbɤ ëshbo
kaˈmi kami
çˈçi (suffixed to previous word if it ends with a vowel), ˈçi (otherwise) hhyi
ˈlɑu lau
ʃodʒuˈbɛ̃ Shoǰubẽ
ũluːˈdɒ˞ː Ũlūdor
tozadʒiˈma Tozaǰima
daiɦõˈdɒ˞ː Daihõdor
Lingo̱bẽ
/m/ /n/ [ŋ] ‹m n n›
/b/ /t/ /d/ /c/ /ɟ/ /k/ /ɡ/ ‹b t d c j k g›
/pː/ /tː/ /cː/ /kː/ ‹pp tt cc kk›
/f/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /h/ ‹f s z sh h›
/sː/ /ʃː/ ‹ss ssh›
/l/ /j/ [w] ‹l y* ∅›
/i/ [ɯ] /u/ ‹i u u›
/iː/ [ɯː] [ɯˁː] /uː/ /uˁː/ ‹ī ū u̱ ū u̱›
/e/ [ɤ] /o/ ‹e o o›
/eː/ /ɤː/ /ɤˁː/ /oː/ /oˁː/ ‹ē ō o̱ ō o̱›
/a/ [ɑ] ‹a a›
/aː/ /ɑˁː/ ‹ā a̱›
*Unwritten in iː_V as it is epenthetic there.
[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /ɡ/.
Word-final plosives are always geminated.
[w] is inserted in uː_V
The unrounded back vowels are allophones of corresponding rounded vowels.
[ɑ] is an allophone of /a/.
Stress is phonemic.
Example words:
ˈiʃː ish
ˈsaː sā
ˈci ci
ˈnata nata
ˈzeːbɯ zēbu
ˈoːˁ.i o̱i
kunai kunai
hoˈsoi hosoi
ˈkɑːˁsaː ka̱sā
ˈbɤ bo
ˈkami kami
ˈlɑu lau
ˈʃoʃubeː Shoshubē
ˈoːluːˁtoːˁ Ōlu̱to̱
ˈtosaʃima Tosashima
ˈdaihoːtoːˁ Daihōto̱
Torb
/m/ /n/ [ɳ] [ŋ] ‹m n n ng›
[ʰp] /p/ /b/ /ᵐb/ /t/ /d/ /ⁿd/ [ʈ] [ɖ] [c] /ɟ/ /k/ /ɡ/ /ᵑɡ/ ‹hp p b mb t d nd t d j j k g ng›
/pː/ /tː/ [ʈː] /cː/ /kː/ ‹pp tt tt tj kk›
/f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ [ʂ] [ʐ] /ç/ [x] /h/ [ɦ] ‹f v s z sh zh s z hy hy h h›
/sː/ /ʃː/ [ʂː] ‹ss ssh ss›
/l/ [ɻ] [ɭ] /j/ [ɰ] [w] ‹l ∅ l y y ∅›
/i/ /ĩ/ /u/ /ũ/ ‹i ĩ u ũ›
/iː/ /uː/ ‹ī ū›
/e/ /ẽ/ /o/ /õ/ ‹e ẽ o õ›
/eː/ /ɚː/ /oː/ /o˞ː/ ‹ē er ō or›
/a/ /ã/ ‹a ã›
/aː/ /ɑˁː/ ‹ā a̱›
Alveolars, postalveolars and palatals merge as retroflex consonants after rhotactisized vowels.
[ʰp] is only found in #_j, and stems from çp, though it's difficult to designate it as an allophone of any particular consonant. It is not phonemic however.
[c] is probably an allophone of /ɟ/, but the details are a little unclear atm.
[x, ɰ] are allophones of /ç, j/ after /ɑˁː/.
[ɦ] is an allophone of /h/ in intervocalic position.
[ɻ] is an epenthetic consonant found between certain vowels.
Stress is not phonemic on polysyllabic words, but monosyllabic words may be either stressed or unstressed.
Example words:
ˈiʃ ish
ˈsɑ̃ sã
ˈçi hyi
ˈnat nat
ˈzẽᵐb zemb
ˈo˞ː or
skuˈnai skunai
hoˈsoi hosoi
ˈkɑːˁs ka̱s
ˈʃpo shpo
ˈkam kam
çe hye
ˈlau lau
ˈʃof Shof
ˈõũl Õũl
toˈsa Tosa
ˈdaif Daif
Sēbē
/m/ /n/ [ŋ] ‹m n n›
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /ɟ/ /k/ /ɡ/ /ʔ/ ‹p b t d j k g -*›
/pː/ /tː/ /cː/ /kː/ ‹pp tt tj kk›
/ts/ /dz/ ‹ts dz›
/tːs/ ‹tts›
/f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ç/ [x] /h/ ‹f v s z sh h(y)** h h›
/fː/ /sː/ /ʃː/ /çː/ /xː/ ‹ff ss ssh hhy hh›
/l/ /j/ ‹l y›
/i/ /u/ ‹i u›
/iː/ /uː/ ‹ī ū›
/e/ /o/ ‹e o›
/eː/ /oː/ ‹ē ō›
/a/ ‹a›
/ɑˁː/ ‹a̱›
*Spelled with a dash between morpheme boundaries, word-finally as a copy of following word's initial consonant, and unwritten otherwise.
**Spelled ‹hy› in onset and ‹h› in coda.
[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/.
/ʔ/ is found as an epenthetic consonant between certain vowels, and word-finally where it is realized as gemination of the next word's initial consonant. If the next word begins with a vowel, it is silent.
/ç, h/ and [x] are in complementary distribution in coda, wherein [h] does not exist, [ç] is found after front vowels and [x] is found after back vowels.
Phonemic primary stress exists. There is also secondary stress, but it's not phonemic.
Example words:
ˈi/ʔ/ i(C)
ˈsɑːˁ sa̱
ˈçi hyi
ˈnada nada
ˈzembu zembu
ˈueʔi ue-i
skuˈnai skunai
hoˈsoi hosoi
ˈkɑːˁsa ka̱sa
ˈʃpo shpo
ˈkami kami
çi hyi
ˈlau lau
ˈʃoɟuˌbeː Shojubē
ˈuːnuːˌdue Ūnūdue
ˈtosaʃiˌma Tosashima
ˈdaihoˌdue Daihodue
Yūbę
/m/ /n/ [ŋ] ‹m n n›
/mː/ /nː/ ‹mm nn›
/b/ [t] /d/ [c] /ɟ/ /k/ /ɡ/ [ʔ] ‹b t d j j k g ∅›
/pː/ /tː/ /cː/ /kː/ ‹pp tt tj kk›
/f/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ [h] /ɦ/ ‹f s z sh h h›
[fː] /sː/ /ʃː/ ‹f ss ssh›
/l/ /j/ ‹l y›
/i/ /ĩ/ /ũ/ ‹i į ų›
/iː/ /uː/ ‹ī ū›
[ɪ] [ɪ̃] [ʊ̃] ‹i į ų›
/e/ /o/ /õ/ ‹e o ǫ›
[ɛ] /ɛ̃/ [ɔ] [ɔ̃] ‹e ę o ǫ›
/ɛː/ /ɔː/ ‹ē ō›
[ɐ] ‹a›
/ɑ/ ‹a›
/˨˦/ /˨˩/ ‹◌́ ◌̀›*
Geminates are not written with doubled letters word-finally. [cː] is written ‹j› finally.
[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before velars.
[t, c] are allophone of /d, ɟ/ initially and after voiceless consonants.
[ʔ] is an epenthetic consonant found between two of the same vowel.
[h] is either an allophone of /ɦ/, or [ɦ] an allophone of /h/. [h] is found initially, and [ɦ] in intervocalic position.
Word-final consonants are always long. [fː] is only found in this position.
A word can consist of just [ts̩ː, tʃ̍ː, f̩ː, s̩ː, ʃ̍ː].
The lax vowels are allophones of the corresponding fortes.
Stress is essentially unphonemic, though some polysyllabic function words have stress while others are unstressed. It's unknown atm if any minimal pairs arise because of this.
There is also pitch accent, which is phonemic. Most words are unaccented. Accented words have a syllable with either a diphthong, a long vowel or a nasalized vowel. Diphthongs and long vowels distinguish two accent types: Rising and falling. Nasalized vowels may only have the falling type.
*Long vowels lose the macron when accented. Diphthongs may only end with /i/, so an /i/ in hiatus is spelled ‹ï› if the previous letter is accented.
Example words:
(Note: This is narrow phonetic representation. See the orthography to see which syllables are actually accented.)
e˨ˈʃe˨˧ eshe
ˈsõ˩˨ sǫ̀
ʃe˨ˈʃe˨˧ sheshe
ˈnosː˦ nos
zɑm˨ˈbi˨˧ zambi
uː˦˨ˈe˨˧ ùe
si˨ˈnoi˥˧ sinòi
he˨ˈsei˥˧ hesèi
kɔː˦˨ˈsõ˨˧ kòsǫ
ʃep˨ˈpe˨˧ sheppe
ko˨ˈme˨˧ kome
ke˨ˈʃe˨˧ keshe
ˈloi˦ loi
ʃe˨ʃi˨ˈbɛ̃˨˧ Sheshibę
ũ˨˩luː˩˨ˈduː˨˦ Ų̀lūdū
te˨so˨ʃe˨ˈmo˨˧ Tesoshemo
toi˦˨.ũ˨ˈduː˨˦ Tòiųdū
The difficulties here is that in some languages nasalized vowels are long and in others short. Should this be reflected in spelling? Matters are complicated by Tēsōbẽ which distinguishes /ɑ̃/ and /ɑ̃ː/.
Likewise with rhotactisized vowels, except that no language makes a length distinction there.
Then there's the question of how to represent palatal plosives. A few languages distinguish between them and affricates, but most only have one or the other.
Some languages have [ts] phonemically while in Shchkubẽ it's only allophonic. Should it still be spelled with ‹ts› to be uniform with the other languages or not?
Same thing with [t] in Yūbę and /pː/ in languages that don't have short /p/.
Some of these languages have phonemic stress, but I don't how to mark that. Maybe it can be left out otherwise, but a dictionary might need some kind of marking. Maybe the stressed syllable could be preceded by a ·, or maybe the initial letter, be it a vowel or consonant, could have an underdot?
When devicing an orthography, you can either base it on my transcription scheme, or you can come up with something completely different.
Most of these languages allow at least some diphthongs (generally ending with /i/ or /u/). Some also have certain vowel combinations in hiatus. Shchubẽ, Tēsōbẽ, Agabẽ, and Lingo̱bẽ allow quite a large variety of diphthongs, so vowel digraphs are probably not good for these languages.
Proto-lang
/m/ /n/ [ŋ] ‹m n n›
[mː] [nː] ‹mm nn›
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /ɡ/ ‹p b t d k g›
/pː/ /tː/ /kː/ ‹pp tt kk›
/ts/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/ ‹ts ch j›
/tːs/ /tːʃ/ ‹tts tch›
/f/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ç/ /h/ ‹f s z sh hy h›
/sː/ /ʃː/ /çː/ ‹ss ssh hhy›
/ɺ/ /j/ ‹r y›
/i/ /u/ ‹i u›
/iː/ [ĩː] /uː/ [ũː] ‹ī ĩ ū ũ›
/e/ /o/ ‹e o›
/eː/ [ẽː] /oː/ [õː] ‹ē ẽ ō õ›
/a/ ‹a›
/ɑː/ [ɑ̃ː] ‹ā ã›
[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before a velar.
[mː, nː] are allophones of a coda /n/ followed by a nasal.
Nasalized vowels are allophones of vowel + coda /n/.
Stress is phonemic.
Shchubẽ
/m/ /n/ ‹m n›
/mː/ ‹mm›
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /ɡ/ [ʔ] ‹p b t d k g ∅›
/pː/ /tː/ /kː/ ‹pp tt kk›
[ts] [tʃ] [dʒ] /ʈʂ/ /ɖʐ/ ‹ts ch j ch j›
[tːs] [tːʃ] /ʈːʂ/ ‹tts tch tch›
/f/ /s/ /z/ [ʃ] /ʂ/ [ç] [x̟] [x] [xʷ̜] [xʷ] [x̠] /h/ ‹f s z sh sh h(y) h h h h h h›
/fː/ /sː/ [ʃː] /ʂː/ [çː] /hː/ ‹ff ss ssh ssh hh(y) hh›
/ɾ/ ‹r›
/j/ ‹y›
/i/ /u/ ‹i u›
/iː/ [ĩː] /uː/ [ũː] ‹ī ĩ ū ũ›
/e/ /o/ ‹e o›
/eː/ [ẽː] /oː/ [õː] ‹ē ẽ ō õ›
[ɐ̃ː] ‹ã›
/a/ ‹a›
/ɑː/ ‹ā›
There is a phoneme /nː/, but it's always realized as [n] with nasalization and length on the preceding vowel.
The postalveolars are allophones of the retroflex consonants, as they are in complimentary disctribution.
/ç h/ merge as [ç] in _V[+front, +high] and V[+front, +high]_.
The various velar fricatives are allophones of /h/.
The nasalized vowels are allophones of vowel + /n/.
Word-final consonants are always geminated.
Word-initially, when there are two consonants, sometimes they form a cluster and sometimes the first consonant become a geminated syllabic, making a syllable of its own. It's predictable when this happens: Clusters are formed in polysyllabic words, while syllabification happens in words that would otherwise had only one syllable.
Stress is phonemic. Stressless words receive secondary stress on the last syllable, unless the word is monosyllabic, or if the next word begins with a stressed syllable. But if there is a pause before the next word, then the secondary stress is added to a polysyllabic word.
Example words:
ˈiʈːʂ ich
ˈsɐ̃ː sã
ʃːˈtʃi shchi
aˈnatː anat
ˈzẽːbu zẽbu
ˈoːʔi ōi
skuˈnai skunai
x̟ːˈsoi hsoi
ˈkɑːsɐ̃ː kāsã
ʂːˈpo shpo
ˈkami kami
tʃi chi
ˌɾau rau
ˈʃːtʃubẽː Shchubẽ
ˈũːɾuːtoː Ũrūtō
ˈt(ː)aʃima Ttashima (gemination only realized after words ending with a vowel)
ˈdaiçõːtoː Daihõtō
Tēsōbẽ
/m/ /n/ ‹m n›
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /ɡ/ ‹p b t d k g›
/pː/ /tː/ /kː/ ‹pp tt kk›
/ts/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/ ‹ts ch j›
/tːs/ /tsː/ /tːʃ/ /tʃː/ ‹tts tss tch chh›
/f/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ ‹f s z sh›
/fː/ /sː/ /ʃː/ ‹ff ss ssh›
/ɭ/ /j/ ‹l y›
/i/ [ĩ] [ɯ] [ɯ̃] /u/ [ũ] ‹i i u u u u›
/iː/ /ĩː/ [ɯː] [ɯ̃ː] /uː/ /ũː/ ‹ī ĩ ū ũ ū ũ›
/e/ [ɤ] [ɤ̃] /o/ [õ] ‹e o o o o›
/eː/ ‹ê›
[ɛ̃] ‹e›
/ɛː/ /ɛ̃ː/ [ʌː] [ʌ̃ː] /ɔː/ /ɔ̃ː/ ‹ē ẽ ō õ ō õ›
/a/ /ɑ̃/ ‹a ą/a›
/ɑː/ /ɑ̃ː/ ‹ā ã›
Affricates that have the plosive part geminated appear medially and finally, while affricates that have the fricative part geminated appear medially and initially.
Coda consonants are always geminated.
For some consonants there is a long-short contrast in #_C.
Short nasalized vowels are allophones of the corresponding short oral vowels. They appear when the next syllable begins with a nasal consonant.
Just like stated above, /ɑ̃/ can be an allophone of /a/. However, it can also appear in other environments, wherein it contrasts with /a/ and /ɑ̃ː/.
Unrounded back vowels are allophones of corresponding rounded vowels.
Stress is phonemic.
Example words:
ˈitːʃ ich
ˈsɑ̃ są
ʃːˈtʃi sshchi
ˈnata nata
ˈzɛ̃ːbɯ zẽbu
ˈɔː.i ōi
sũˈnai sunai
oˈsoi osoi
ˈkɑ̃sɑ̃ kąsą
ʃːˈpɤ sshpo
ˈkɑ̃mi kami
ˈkʃi kshi
ˈɭau lau
ˈsotʃubɛ̃ː Shochubẽ
ˈũːɭuːtɔː Ũlūtō
ˈtosaʃĩma Tosashima
ˈdai.ɔ̃ːtɔː Daiõtō
Ũrlūbn̄
/m/ /n/ [ɳ] [ŋ] ‹m n n n›
/mː/ [m̩ː] [ɱ̍ː] /nː/ /n̩ː/ [n̠̍ː] [ɲ̍ː] [ŋ̍ː] ‹mm n̄ n̄ nn n̄ n̄ n̄ n̄›
/pʼ/ /p/ /b/ /tʼ/ /t/ /d/ [ʈ] /kʼ/ /k/ /ɡ/ ‹'p p b 't t d t 'k k g›
/pː/ /bː/ /tː/ /dː/ /kː/ /ɡː/ ‹pp bb tt dd kk gg›
/tsʼ/ /ts/ /tʃʼ/ /tʃ/ [ʈʂ] ‹'ts ts 'ch ch ch›
/tːs/ /tːʃ/ ‹tts tch›
/fʼ/ /f/ /sʼ/ /s/ /ʃʼ/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ [ʂ] [ʐ] /ʝ/ /h/ ‹'f f 's s 'sh sh z s z j h›
/fː/ /sː/ /ʃː/ /ʒː/ [ʂː] [ʐː] /ʝː/ ‹ff ss ssh zz ss zz jj›
[r] ‹r›
/l/ /j/ ‹l y›
/i/ [ʉ] /u/ ‹i u u›
/iː/ /ĩː/ [ʉː] [ʉ̃ː] /uː/ /ũː/ ‹ī ĩ ū ũ ū ũ›
/e/ /o/ ‹e o›
/eː/ /oː/ /õː/ ‹ē ō õ›
[ɛ] /ɔ˞/ ‹e or›
[ɛ̃ː] ‹ẽ›
/a/ /ɑ˞/ ‹a ar›
/aː/ /ɑ̃ː/ ‹ā ã›
[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before a velar.
The syllabic nasals are allophones of /n̩ː/.
The phonemic status of the long voiced consonants is questionable, I'm not sure if it contrasts with anything.
Alveolars and postalveolars merge as retroflex consonants in some environments.
[r] only appears before /l/. It doesn't contrast with anything.
I'm unsure about the central high vowels. [ʉː] might very well be phonemic.
Stress is phonemic. All words have one stressed syllable, either primary or secondary, except for some monosyllabic words. Secondary stress always falls on the last syllable, and is thus moved when a word is suffixed.
Example words:
ˈitʃʼ i'ch
ˈsɑ̃ː sã
ˈʃti shti
ˈnaːt nāt
ˈsembe sembe
ˈɔ˞.e ore
skoˈnai skonai
hʉˈsoi husoi
ˈkɑ˞sɑ̃ː karsã
ʃeˈpʼo she'po
ˈkame kame
kʃe kshe
ˌluː lū
ˈʃotʃebn̩ː Shochebn̄
ˈũːrlʉːtɔ˞ Ũrlūtor
ˈtɔ˞ʂʃemʉ Torsshemu
ˈdaihɑ̃ːtɔ˞ Daihãtor
Tozabẽ
/m/ /n/ [ŋ] ‹m n n›
/mː/ /nː/ ‹mm nn›
/b/ /t/ /d/ [c] /ɟ/ /k/ /ɡ/ /ʔ/ ‹b t d j j k g '›
/bː/ /tː/ /cː/ /kː/ ‹bb tt tj kk›
/ts/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/ ‹ts ch ǰ›
/tːs/ /tːʃ/ ‹tts tch›
/f/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ [ʂ] [ʐ] /ç/ /h/ [ɦ] ‹f s z sh s z hy h h›
/sː/ /ʃː/ [ʂː] ‹ss ssh ss›
/l/ /j/ ‹l y/i›
/i/ /u/ ‹i u›
/iː/ /ĩː/ /uː/ /ũː/ ‹ī ĩ ū ũ›
/e/ /ə/ /o/ ‹e ë o›
/eː/ /õː/ ‹ē õ›
[ɛ] ‹e›
/ɛ̃ː/ ‹ẽ›
/a/ ‹a›
/ɑ˞ː/ /ɑ̃ː/ /ɒ˞ː/ ‹ar ã or›
[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before velars.
[c] is an allophone of /ɟ/ after voiceless consonants.
/s, ʃ, ç/ merge as [ʂ] after rhotactisized vowels.
[ʐ] is an allophone of /z/ after rhotactisized vowels.
[ɦ] is an allophone of /h/.
Diphthongs are not allowed. /j/ can appear in coda.
[ɛ] is an allophone of /e/.
Stress is not phonemic.
Example words:
ˈit it
ˈsɑ̃ː sã
əʃˈci ëshji
naˈda nada
zemˈbu zembu
ɒ˞ːˈʔi or'i
əskuˈnaj ëskunai
ɑ˞ːˈʐoj arzoi
kɑ˞ːˈʐɑ̃ː karzã
əʃˈbo ëshbo
kaˈmi kami
əkˈci ëkji
laˈʔu la'u
ʃodʒuˈbɛ̃ː Shoǰubẽ
ũːluːˈdɒ˞ː Ũlūdor
tozadʒiˈma Tozaǰima
dajɦõːˈdɒ˞ː Daihõdor
Agabẽ
/m/ /n/ ‹m n›
/mː/ /nː/ /ŋː/ ‹mm nn ng›
/b/ /t/ /d/ [c] /ɟ/ /k/ /ɡ/ ‹b t d j j k g›
/pː/ /tː/ /cː/ /kː/ ‹pp tt tj kk›
/tʃ/ /dʒ/ ‹ch ǰ›
/tːʃ/ ‹tch›
/f/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ [ʂ] [ʐ] /ç/ /h/ [ɦ] ‹f s z sh s z hy h h›
/fː/ /sː/ /ʃː/ [ʂː] /çː/ ‹ff ss ssh ss hhy›
/l/ /j/ [w] ‹l y ∅›
/i/ [ĩ] [ɯ] [ɯ̃] /u/ [ũ] ‹i ĩ u ũ u ũ›
/iː/ [ɯː] /uː/ ‹ī ū ū›
/e/ [ə] [ɤ] [ɤ̃] /o/ [õ] ‹e ë o õ o õ›
/eː/ [ɤː] /oː/ ‹ē ō ō›
[ɛ̃] ‹ẽ›
[ɐ] ‹a›
/a/ [ɑ] [ɑ̃] ‹a a ã›
/aː/ /ɑ˞ː/ /ɒ˞ː/ ‹ā ar or›
I have skipped the tilde before mC and nC.
[c] is an allophone of /ɟ/ next to an unvoiced consonant.
/s, ʃ, ç/ merge as [ʂ] after rhotactisized vowels.
[ʐ] is an allophone of /z/ after rhotactisized vowels.
[ɦ] is an allophone of /h/.
[w] is inserted in uː_V.
Nasalized vowels are allophones of the corresponding oral vowels before coda nasals. Coda nasals are elided except before /b/. /ŋː/ counts as a coda + onset consonant.
[ə] is an epenthetic vowel word-initially before two consonants. It also appears as an allophone of /i, u/ in monosyllabic function words.
[ɐ] is an allophone of /e, o, a/ in monosyllabic function words.
[ɑ] is an allophone of /a/.
The other unrounded back vowels are allophones of the corresponding rounded vowels.
/ɑ˞ː, ɒ˞ː/ merge as /ɑ˞ː/ after labials.
Stress is not phonemic.
Example words:
ˈitʃ ich
ˈsɑ̃ sã
ʃˈci (suffixed to previous word if it ends with a vowel), ˈçi (otherwise) shji
naˈda nada
zɛ̃mˈbɯ zembu
ɒ˞ːˈi ori
əskuˈnai ëskunai
hoˈzoi hozoi
kɑ˞ːˈʐɑ̃ karzã
əʃˈbɤ ëshbo
kaˈmi kami
çˈçi (suffixed to previous word if it ends with a vowel), ˈçi (otherwise) hhyi
ˈlɑu lau
ʃodʒuˈbɛ̃ Shoǰubẽ
ũluːˈdɒ˞ː Ũlūdor
tozadʒiˈma Tozaǰima
daiɦõˈdɒ˞ː Daihõdor
Lingo̱bẽ
/m/ /n/ [ŋ] ‹m n n›
/b/ /t/ /d/ /c/ /ɟ/ /k/ /ɡ/ ‹b t d c j k g›
/pː/ /tː/ /cː/ /kː/ ‹pp tt cc kk›
/f/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /h/ ‹f s z sh h›
/sː/ /ʃː/ ‹ss ssh›
/l/ /j/ [w] ‹l y* ∅›
/i/ [ɯ] /u/ ‹i u u›
/iː/ [ɯː] [ɯˁː] /uː/ /uˁː/ ‹ī ū u̱ ū u̱›
/e/ [ɤ] /o/ ‹e o o›
/eː/ /ɤː/ /ɤˁː/ /oː/ /oˁː/ ‹ē ō o̱ ō o̱›
/a/ [ɑ] ‹a a›
/aː/ /ɑˁː/ ‹ā a̱›
*Unwritten in iː_V as it is epenthetic there.
[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /ɡ/.
Word-final plosives are always geminated.
[w] is inserted in uː_V
The unrounded back vowels are allophones of corresponding rounded vowels.
[ɑ] is an allophone of /a/.
Stress is phonemic.
Example words:
ˈiʃː ish
ˈsaː sā
ˈci ci
ˈnata nata
ˈzeːbɯ zēbu
ˈoːˁ.i o̱i
kunai kunai
hoˈsoi hosoi
ˈkɑːˁsaː ka̱sā
ˈbɤ bo
ˈkami kami
ˈlɑu lau
ˈʃoʃubeː Shoshubē
ˈoːluːˁtoːˁ Ōlu̱to̱
ˈtosaʃima Tosashima
ˈdaihoːtoːˁ Daihōto̱
Torb
/m/ /n/ [ɳ] [ŋ] ‹m n n ng›
[ʰp] /p/ /b/ /ᵐb/ /t/ /d/ /ⁿd/ [ʈ] [ɖ] [c] /ɟ/ /k/ /ɡ/ /ᵑɡ/ ‹hp p b mb t d nd t d j j k g ng›
/pː/ /tː/ [ʈː] /cː/ /kː/ ‹pp tt tt tj kk›
/f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ [ʂ] [ʐ] /ç/ [x] /h/ [ɦ] ‹f v s z sh zh s z hy hy h h›
/sː/ /ʃː/ [ʂː] ‹ss ssh ss›
/l/ [ɻ] [ɭ] /j/ [ɰ] [w] ‹l ∅ l y y ∅›
/i/ /ĩ/ /u/ /ũ/ ‹i ĩ u ũ›
/iː/ /uː/ ‹ī ū›
/e/ /ẽ/ /o/ /õ/ ‹e ẽ o õ›
/eː/ /ɚː/ /oː/ /o˞ː/ ‹ē er ō or›
/a/ /ã/ ‹a ã›
/aː/ /ɑˁː/ ‹ā a̱›
Alveolars, postalveolars and palatals merge as retroflex consonants after rhotactisized vowels.
[ʰp] is only found in #_j, and stems from çp, though it's difficult to designate it as an allophone of any particular consonant. It is not phonemic however.
[c] is probably an allophone of /ɟ/, but the details are a little unclear atm.
[x, ɰ] are allophones of /ç, j/ after /ɑˁː/.
[ɦ] is an allophone of /h/ in intervocalic position.
[ɻ] is an epenthetic consonant found between certain vowels.
Stress is not phonemic on polysyllabic words, but monosyllabic words may be either stressed or unstressed.
Example words:
ˈiʃ ish
ˈsɑ̃ sã
ˈçi hyi
ˈnat nat
ˈzẽᵐb zemb
ˈo˞ː or
skuˈnai skunai
hoˈsoi hosoi
ˈkɑːˁs ka̱s
ˈʃpo shpo
ˈkam kam
çe hye
ˈlau lau
ˈʃof Shof
ˈõũl Õũl
toˈsa Tosa
ˈdaif Daif
Sēbē
/m/ /n/ [ŋ] ‹m n n›
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /ɟ/ /k/ /ɡ/ /ʔ/ ‹p b t d j k g -*›
/pː/ /tː/ /cː/ /kː/ ‹pp tt tj kk›
/ts/ /dz/ ‹ts dz›
/tːs/ ‹tts›
/f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ç/ [x] /h/ ‹f v s z sh h(y)** h h›
/fː/ /sː/ /ʃː/ /çː/ /xː/ ‹ff ss ssh hhy hh›
/l/ /j/ ‹l y›
/i/ /u/ ‹i u›
/iː/ /uː/ ‹ī ū›
/e/ /o/ ‹e o›
/eː/ /oː/ ‹ē ō›
/a/ ‹a›
/ɑˁː/ ‹a̱›
*Spelled with a dash between morpheme boundaries, word-finally as a copy of following word's initial consonant, and unwritten otherwise.
**Spelled ‹hy› in onset and ‹h› in coda.
[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, ɡ/.
/ʔ/ is found as an epenthetic consonant between certain vowels, and word-finally where it is realized as gemination of the next word's initial consonant. If the next word begins with a vowel, it is silent.
/ç, h/ and [x] are in complementary distribution in coda, wherein [h] does not exist, [ç] is found after front vowels and [x] is found after back vowels.
Phonemic primary stress exists. There is also secondary stress, but it's not phonemic.
Example words:
ˈi/ʔ/ i(C)
ˈsɑːˁ sa̱
ˈçi hyi
ˈnada nada
ˈzembu zembu
ˈueʔi ue-i
skuˈnai skunai
hoˈsoi hosoi
ˈkɑːˁsa ka̱sa
ˈʃpo shpo
ˈkami kami
çi hyi
ˈlau lau
ˈʃoɟuˌbeː Shojubē
ˈuːnuːˌdue Ūnūdue
ˈtosaʃiˌma Tosashima
ˈdaihoˌdue Daihodue
Yūbę
/m/ /n/ [ŋ] ‹m n n›
/mː/ /nː/ ‹mm nn›
/b/ [t] /d/ [c] /ɟ/ /k/ /ɡ/ [ʔ] ‹b t d j j k g ∅›
/pː/ /tː/ /cː/ /kː/ ‹pp tt tj kk›
/f/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ [h] /ɦ/ ‹f s z sh h h›
[fː] /sː/ /ʃː/ ‹f ss ssh›
/l/ /j/ ‹l y›
/i/ /ĩ/ /ũ/ ‹i į ų›
/iː/ /uː/ ‹ī ū›
[ɪ] [ɪ̃] [ʊ̃] ‹i į ų›
/e/ /o/ /õ/ ‹e o ǫ›
[ɛ] /ɛ̃/ [ɔ] [ɔ̃] ‹e ę o ǫ›
/ɛː/ /ɔː/ ‹ē ō›
[ɐ] ‹a›
/ɑ/ ‹a›
/˨˦/ /˨˩/ ‹◌́ ◌̀›*
Geminates are not written with doubled letters word-finally. [cː] is written ‹j› finally.
[ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before velars.
[t, c] are allophone of /d, ɟ/ initially and after voiceless consonants.
[ʔ] is an epenthetic consonant found between two of the same vowel.
[h] is either an allophone of /ɦ/, or [ɦ] an allophone of /h/. [h] is found initially, and [ɦ] in intervocalic position.
Word-final consonants are always long. [fː] is only found in this position.
A word can consist of just [ts̩ː, tʃ̍ː, f̩ː, s̩ː, ʃ̍ː].
The lax vowels are allophones of the corresponding fortes.
Stress is essentially unphonemic, though some polysyllabic function words have stress while others are unstressed. It's unknown atm if any minimal pairs arise because of this.
There is also pitch accent, which is phonemic. Most words are unaccented. Accented words have a syllable with either a diphthong, a long vowel or a nasalized vowel. Diphthongs and long vowels distinguish two accent types: Rising and falling. Nasalized vowels may only have the falling type.
*Long vowels lose the macron when accented. Diphthongs may only end with /i/, so an /i/ in hiatus is spelled ‹ï› if the previous letter is accented.
Example words:
(Note: This is narrow phonetic representation. See the orthography to see which syllables are actually accented.)
e˨ˈʃe˨˧ eshe
ˈsõ˩˨ sǫ̀
ʃe˨ˈʃe˨˧ sheshe
ˈnosː˦ nos
zɑm˨ˈbi˨˧ zambi
uː˦˨ˈe˨˧ ùe
si˨ˈnoi˥˧ sinòi
he˨ˈsei˥˧ hesèi
kɔː˦˨ˈsõ˨˧ kòsǫ
ʃep˨ˈpe˨˧ sheppe
ko˨ˈme˨˧ kome
ke˨ˈʃe˨˧ keshe
ˈloi˦ loi
ʃe˨ʃi˨ˈbɛ̃˨˧ Sheshibę
ũ˨˩luː˩˨ˈduː˨˦ Ų̀lūdū
te˨so˨ʃe˨ˈmo˨˧ Tesoshemo
toi˦˨.ũ˨ˈduː˨˦ Tòiųdū
The difficulties here is that in some languages nasalized vowels are long and in others short. Should this be reflected in spelling? Matters are complicated by Tēsōbẽ which distinguishes /ɑ̃/ and /ɑ̃ː/.
Likewise with rhotactisized vowels, except that no language makes a length distinction there.
Then there's the question of how to represent palatal plosives. A few languages distinguish between them and affricates, but most only have one or the other.
Some languages have [ts] phonemically while in Shchkubẽ it's only allophonic. Should it still be spelled with ‹ts› to be uniform with the other languages or not?
Same thing with [t] in Yūbę and /pː/ in languages that don't have short /p/.
Re: Romanization challenge thread
/m n ɲ/ <m n gn>
/p b t d ts dz tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd k g/ <p b t d ts dz ci/e dzi/e sct zcd c g>
/s z ʃ ʒ (ɕ) x/ <s z sci/e zci/e (sci/e) h>
/r rʲ l ʎ ʋ j/ <r rj l gl v j>
/i ɪ ʊ ɯ u/ <i í u ú u>
/e ẽ o õ/ <e eu o ou>
/æ a/ <á a>
/i pristõpi kʊ ɲemu dijæʋolʊ jiskuʃajẽ ji i retʃe aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji rɪtsi da kamenije se xʎæbi bõdõtʊ onʊ ʒe otʊʋæʃtaʋʊ retʃe piʃetʊ ne o xʎæbæ jedinomɪ poʒiʋetʊ tʃeloʋækʊ nʊ o ʋɕemɪ glagoʎæ jisxodẽʃtijɪmɪ jiz ustʊ boʒiji togda pojẽtʊ i dijæʋolʊ ʋʊ stænɯ gradʊ i postaʋi i na kriʎæ tsrʊkʊʋɪɲæmɪ i glagola jemu aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji pusti sebe dolu piʃetʊ bo jæko anʊʒdelomʊ sʋojimʊ zapoʋæstʊ o tebæ i na rõkaxʊ ʋʊzʊmõtʊ tẽ da ne kogda prʲætʊkneʃi o kamenɪ nogõ sʋojõ/
I pristoupi cu gnemu dijávolu jiscusciajeu ji i rece ascte sinu jesi bozciji rítsi da camenije se hglábi boudoutu onu zce otuvásctavu rece piscetu ne o hglábá jedinomí pozcivetu celovácu nu o vscemí glagoglá jishodeusctijímí jiz ustu bozciji togda pojeutu i dijávolu vu stánú gradu i postavi i na criglá tsrucuvígnámí i glagola jemu ascte sinu jesi bozciji pusti sebe dolu piscetu bo jáco anuzcdelomu svojimu zapovástu o tebá i na roucahu vuzumoutu teu da ne cogda prjátucnesci o camení nogou svojou.
/p b t d ts dz tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd k g/ <p b t d ts dz ci/e dzi/e sct zcd c g>
/s z ʃ ʒ (ɕ) x/ <s z sci/e zci/e (sci/e) h>
/r rʲ l ʎ ʋ j/ <r rj l gl v j>
/i ɪ ʊ ɯ u/ <i í u ú u>
/e ẽ o õ/ <e eu o ou>
/æ a/ <á a>
/i pristõpi kʊ ɲemu dijæʋolʊ jiskuʃajẽ ji i retʃe aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji rɪtsi da kamenije se xʎæbi bõdõtʊ onʊ ʒe otʊʋæʃtaʋʊ retʃe piʃetʊ ne o xʎæbæ jedinomɪ poʒiʋetʊ tʃeloʋækʊ nʊ o ʋɕemɪ glagoʎæ jisxodẽʃtijɪmɪ jiz ustʊ boʒiji togda pojẽtʊ i dijæʋolʊ ʋʊ stænɯ gradʊ i postaʋi i na kriʎæ tsrʊkʊʋɪɲæmɪ i glagola jemu aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji pusti sebe dolu piʃetʊ bo jæko anʊʒdelomʊ sʋojimʊ zapoʋæstʊ o tebæ i na rõkaxʊ ʋʊzʊmõtʊ tẽ da ne kogda prʲætʊkneʃi o kamenɪ nogõ sʋojõ/
I pristoupi cu gnemu dijávolu jiscusciajeu ji i rece ascte sinu jesi bozciji rítsi da camenije se hglábi boudoutu onu zce otuvásctavu rece piscetu ne o hglábá jedinomí pozcivetu celovácu nu o vscemí glagoglá jishodeusctijímí jiz ustu bozciji togda pojeutu i dijávolu vu stánú gradu i postavi i na criglá tsrucuvígnámí i glagola jemu ascte sinu jesi bozciji pusti sebe dolu piscetu bo jáco anuzcdelomu svojimu zapovástu o tebá i na roucahu vuzumoutu teu da ne cogda prjátucnesci o camení nogou svojou.
næn:älʉː
Re: Romanization challenge thread
Old Church Slavonic.
/m n ɲ/ ‹m n nj›
/p b t d ts dz tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd k g/ ‹p b t d c x cj xj tj dj k g›
/s z ʃ ʒ (ɕ) x/ ‹s z sj zj h›
/r rʲ l ʎ ʋ j/ ‹r rj l lj v j›
/i ɪ ʊ ɯ u/ ‹i y u ui uw›
/e ẽ o õ/ ‹e ea o ou›
/æ a/ ‹ae a›
/i pristõpi kʊ ɲemu dijæʋolʊ jiskuʃajẽ ji i retʃe aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji rɪtsi da kamenije se xʎæbi bõdõtʊ onʊ ʒe otʊʋæʃtaʋʊ retʃe piʃetʊ ne o xʎæbæ jedinomɪ poʒiʋetʊ tʃeloʋækʊ nʊ o ʋɕemɪ glagoʎæ jisxodẽʃtijɪmɪ jizʊ ustʊ boʒiji togda pojẽtʊ ji dijæʋolʊ ʋʊ stænɯ gradʊ i postaʋi ji na kriʎæ tsrʊkʊʋɪɲæmɪ i glagola jemu aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji pusti sebe dolu piʃetʊ bo jæko anʊʒdelomʊ sʋojimʊ zapoʋæstʊ o tebæ i na rõkaxʊ ʋʊzʊmõtʊ tẽ da ne kogda prʲætʊkneʃi o kamenɪ nogõ sʋojõ/
‹I pristoupi ku njemuw dijaevolu, jiskuwsjajea ji, i recje, “Atje sinu jesi bozjiji, ryci da kamenije se hljaebi boudoutu!” Onu zje otuvaetjavu recje, “Pisjetu, ne o hljaebae jedinomy pozjivetu cjelovaeku, nu o vsemy glagoljae jishodeatjijymy jizu uwstu bozjiji.” Togda pojeatu ji dijaevolu vu staenui gradu i postavi ji na kriljae crukuvynjaemy, i glagola jemuw, “Atje sinu jesi bozjiji, puwsti sebe doluw! Pisjetu bo, jaeko anudjelomu svojimu zapovaestu o tebae, i na roukahu vuzumoutu tea da ne kogda prjaetuknesji o kameny nogou svojou.”›
Or more boring but less ugly:
/m n ɲ/ ‹m n ń›
/p b t d ts dz tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd k g/ ‹p b t d c dz č dž ć đ k g›
/s z ʃ ʒ (ɕ) x/ ‹s z š ž ś h›
/r rʲ l ʎ ʋ j/ ‹r ŕ l ļ v j/∅›
/i ɪ ʊ ɯ u/ ‹i/ì ĭ ŭ y u›
/e ẽ o õ/ ‹e ę o ǫ›
/æ a/ ‹ě a›
/i pristõpi kʊ ɲemu dijæʋolʊ jiskuʃajẽ ji i retʃe aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji rɪtsi da kamenije se xʎæbi bõdõtʊ onʊ ʒe otʊʋæʃtaʋʊ retʃe piʃetʊ ne o xʎæbæ jedinomɪ poʒiʋetʊ tʃeloʋækʊ nʊ o ʋɕemɪ glagoʎæ jisxodẽʃtijɪmɪ jizʊ ustʊ boʒiji togda pojẽtʊ ji dijæʋolʊ ʋʊ stænɯ gradʊ i postaʋi ji na kriʎæ tsrʊkʊʋɪɲæmɪ i glagola jemu aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji pusti sebe dolu piʃetʊ bo jæko anʊʒdelomʊ sʋojimʊ zapoʋæstʊ o tebæ i na rõkaxʊ ʋʊzʊmõtʊ tẽ da ne kogda prʲætʊkneʃi o kamenɪ nogõ sʋojõ/
‹I pristǫpi kŭ ńemu diěvolŭ, iskušaę i, ì reče, “Aće sinŭ esi božii, rĭci da kamenie se hļěbi bǫdǫtŭ!” Onŭ že otŭvěćavŭ reče, “Pišetŭ, ne o hļěbě edinomĭ poživetŭ čelověkŭ, nŭ o vśemĭ glagoļě ishodęćiĭmĭ izŭ ustŭ božii.” Togda poętŭ i diěvolŭ vŭ stěny gradŭ ì postavi i na kriļě crŭkŭvĭńěmĭ, ì glagola emu, “Aće sinŭ esi božii, pusti sebe dolu! Pišetŭ bo, ěko anŭđelomŭ svoimŭ zapověstŭ o tebě, ì na rǫkahŭ vŭzŭmǫtŭ tę da ne kogda pŕětŭkneši o kamenĭ nogǫ svojǫ.”›
An attempt at Hellenization:
/m n ɲ/ ‹μ ν νι›
/p b t d ts dz tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd k g/ ‹π μπ τ δ τσ δζ τσι δζι τι δι κ γ›
/s z ʃ ʒ (ɕ) x/ ‹σ ζ σι ζι χ›
/r rʲ l ʎ ʋ j/ ‹ρ ρι λ λι β ι/∅›
/i ɪ ʊ ɯ u/ ‹ει η ο υ ου›
/e ẽ o õ/ ‹ε εν ω ων›
/æ a/ ‹αι α›
/ps ks/ ψ ξ
/i pristõpi kʊ ɲemu dijæʋolʊ jiskuʃajẽ ji i retʃe aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji rɪtsi da kamenije se xʎæbi bõdõtʊ onʊ ʒe otʊʋæʃtaʋʊ retʃe piʃetʊ ne o xʎæbæ jedinomɪ poʒiʋetʊ tʃeloʋækʊ nʊ o ʋɕemɪ glagoʎæ jisxodẽʃtijɪmɪ jizʊ ustʊ boʒiji togda pojẽtʊ ji dijæʋolʊ ʋʊ stænɯ gradʊ i postaʋi ji na kriʎæ tsrʊkʊʋɪɲæmɪ i glagola jemu aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji pusti sebe dolu piʃetʊ bo jæko anʊʒdelomʊ sʋojimʊ zapoʋæstʊ o tebæ i na rõkaxʊ ʋʊzʊmõtʊ tẽ da ne kogda prʲætʊkneʃi o kamenɪ nogõ sʋojõ/
‹Ει πρειστωνπει κο νιεμου δειαιβωλο, ιεισκουσιαεν ιει, ει ρετσιε, “Ατιε σεινο ιεσει μπωζιειει, ρητσει δα καμενειε σε χλιαιμπει μπωνδωντο!” Ωνο ζιε ωτοβαιτιαβο ρετσιε, “Πεισιετο, νε ω χλιαιμπαι ιεδεινωμη πωζιειβετο τσιελωβαικο, νο ω βσεμη γλαγωλιαι ιεισχωδεντιειημη ιειζο ουστο μπωζιειει.” Τωγδα πωιεντο ιει δειαιβωλο βο σταινυ γραδο ει πωσταβει ιει να κρειλιαι τσροκοβηνιαιμη, ει γλαγωλα ιεμου, “Ατιε σεινο ιεσει μπωζιειει, πουστει σεμπε δωλου! Πεισιετο μπω, ιαικω ανοδιελωμο σβωιειμο ζαπωβαιστο ω τεμπαι, ει να ρωνκαχο βοζομωντο τεν δα νε κωγδα πριαιτοκνεσιει ω καμενη νωγων σβωιων.”›
/m n ɲ/ ‹m n nj›
/p b t d ts dz tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd k g/ ‹p b t d c x cj xj tj dj k g›
/s z ʃ ʒ (ɕ) x/ ‹s z sj zj h›
/r rʲ l ʎ ʋ j/ ‹r rj l lj v j›
/i ɪ ʊ ɯ u/ ‹i y u ui uw›
/e ẽ o õ/ ‹e ea o ou›
/æ a/ ‹ae a›
/i pristõpi kʊ ɲemu dijæʋolʊ jiskuʃajẽ ji i retʃe aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji rɪtsi da kamenije se xʎæbi bõdõtʊ onʊ ʒe otʊʋæʃtaʋʊ retʃe piʃetʊ ne o xʎæbæ jedinomɪ poʒiʋetʊ tʃeloʋækʊ nʊ o ʋɕemɪ glagoʎæ jisxodẽʃtijɪmɪ jizʊ ustʊ boʒiji togda pojẽtʊ ji dijæʋolʊ ʋʊ stænɯ gradʊ i postaʋi ji na kriʎæ tsrʊkʊʋɪɲæmɪ i glagola jemu aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji pusti sebe dolu piʃetʊ bo jæko anʊʒdelomʊ sʋojimʊ zapoʋæstʊ o tebæ i na rõkaxʊ ʋʊzʊmõtʊ tẽ da ne kogda prʲætʊkneʃi o kamenɪ nogõ sʋojõ/
‹I pristoupi ku njemuw dijaevolu, jiskuwsjajea ji, i recje, “Atje sinu jesi bozjiji, ryci da kamenije se hljaebi boudoutu!” Onu zje otuvaetjavu recje, “Pisjetu, ne o hljaebae jedinomy pozjivetu cjelovaeku, nu o vsemy glagoljae jishodeatjijymy jizu uwstu bozjiji.” Togda pojeatu ji dijaevolu vu staenui gradu i postavi ji na kriljae crukuvynjaemy, i glagola jemuw, “Atje sinu jesi bozjiji, puwsti sebe doluw! Pisjetu bo, jaeko anudjelomu svojimu zapovaestu o tebae, i na roukahu vuzumoutu tea da ne kogda prjaetuknesji o kameny nogou svojou.”›
Or more boring but less ugly:
/m n ɲ/ ‹m n ń›
/p b t d ts dz tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd k g/ ‹p b t d c dz č dž ć đ k g›
/s z ʃ ʒ (ɕ) x/ ‹s z š ž ś h›
/r rʲ l ʎ ʋ j/ ‹r ŕ l ļ v j/∅›
/i ɪ ʊ ɯ u/ ‹i/ì ĭ ŭ y u›
/e ẽ o õ/ ‹e ę o ǫ›
/æ a/ ‹ě a›
/i pristõpi kʊ ɲemu dijæʋolʊ jiskuʃajẽ ji i retʃe aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji rɪtsi da kamenije se xʎæbi bõdõtʊ onʊ ʒe otʊʋæʃtaʋʊ retʃe piʃetʊ ne o xʎæbæ jedinomɪ poʒiʋetʊ tʃeloʋækʊ nʊ o ʋɕemɪ glagoʎæ jisxodẽʃtijɪmɪ jizʊ ustʊ boʒiji togda pojẽtʊ ji dijæʋolʊ ʋʊ stænɯ gradʊ i postaʋi ji na kriʎæ tsrʊkʊʋɪɲæmɪ i glagola jemu aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji pusti sebe dolu piʃetʊ bo jæko anʊʒdelomʊ sʋojimʊ zapoʋæstʊ o tebæ i na rõkaxʊ ʋʊzʊmõtʊ tẽ da ne kogda prʲætʊkneʃi o kamenɪ nogõ sʋojõ/
‹I pristǫpi kŭ ńemu diěvolŭ, iskušaę i, ì reče, “Aće sinŭ esi božii, rĭci da kamenie se hļěbi bǫdǫtŭ!” Onŭ že otŭvěćavŭ reče, “Pišetŭ, ne o hļěbě edinomĭ poživetŭ čelověkŭ, nŭ o vśemĭ glagoļě ishodęćiĭmĭ izŭ ustŭ božii.” Togda poętŭ i diěvolŭ vŭ stěny gradŭ ì postavi i na kriļě crŭkŭvĭńěmĭ, ì glagola emu, “Aće sinŭ esi božii, pusti sebe dolu! Pišetŭ bo, ěko anŭđelomŭ svoimŭ zapověstŭ o tebě, ì na rǫkahŭ vŭzŭmǫtŭ tę da ne kogda pŕětŭkneši o kamenĭ nogǫ svojǫ.”›
An attempt at Hellenization:
/m n ɲ/ ‹μ ν νι›
/p b t d ts dz tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd k g/ ‹π μπ τ δ τσ δζ τσι δζι τι δι κ γ›
/s z ʃ ʒ (ɕ) x/ ‹σ ζ σι ζι χ›
/r rʲ l ʎ ʋ j/ ‹ρ ρι λ λι β ι/∅›
/i ɪ ʊ ɯ u/ ‹ει η ο υ ου›
/e ẽ o õ/ ‹ε εν ω ων›
/æ a/ ‹αι α›
/ps ks/ ψ ξ
/i pristõpi kʊ ɲemu dijæʋolʊ jiskuʃajẽ ji i retʃe aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji rɪtsi da kamenije se xʎæbi bõdõtʊ onʊ ʒe otʊʋæʃtaʋʊ retʃe piʃetʊ ne o xʎæbæ jedinomɪ poʒiʋetʊ tʃeloʋækʊ nʊ o ʋɕemɪ glagoʎæ jisxodẽʃtijɪmɪ jizʊ ustʊ boʒiji togda pojẽtʊ ji dijæʋolʊ ʋʊ stænɯ gradʊ i postaʋi ji na kriʎæ tsrʊkʊʋɪɲæmɪ i glagola jemu aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji pusti sebe dolu piʃetʊ bo jæko anʊʒdelomʊ sʋojimʊ zapoʋæstʊ o tebæ i na rõkaxʊ ʋʊzʊmõtʊ tẽ da ne kogda prʲætʊkneʃi o kamenɪ nogõ sʋojõ/
‹Ει πρειστωνπει κο νιεμου δειαιβωλο, ιεισκουσιαεν ιει, ει ρετσιε, “Ατιε σεινο ιεσει μπωζιειει, ρητσει δα καμενειε σε χλιαιμπει μπωνδωντο!” Ωνο ζιε ωτοβαιτιαβο ρετσιε, “Πεισιετο, νε ω χλιαιμπαι ιεδεινωμη πωζιειβετο τσιελωβαικο, νο ω βσεμη γλαγωλιαι ιεισχωδεντιειημη ιειζο ουστο μπωζιειει.” Τωγδα πωιεντο ιει δειαιβωλο βο σταινυ γραδο ει πωσταβει ιει να κρειλιαι τσροκοβηνιαιμη, ει γλαγωλα ιεμου, “Ατιε σεινο ιεσει μπωζιειει, πουστει σεμπε δωλου! Πεισιετο μπω, ιαικω ανοδιελωμο σβωιειμο ζαπωβαιστο ω τεμπαι, ει να ρωνκαχο βοζομωντο τεν δα νε κωγδα πριαιτοκνεσιει ω καμενη νωγων σβωιων.”›
Re: Romanization challenge thread
Rusyn
/p b t d k g/ <p b t d c g>
/t͡s t͡ʃ ʃt͡ʃ/ <ts ci/e sgi/e>
/f v s z ʃ ʒ x ɦ/ <f v s z sci/e gi/e ch h>
/m n/ <m n>
/l j r -ʲ/ <l i/j r -i>
/i ɨ ɪ e a o u/ <i é í e a o u>
/toʒ ʃanjme ridne slovo, od velɪka aʒ do mala. vʃɨtko inʃe zme stratɪlɪ lem besida nam ostala/
Toge scianime ridne slovo, od velíca age do mala. Vscétco insce zme stratílí lem besida nam ostala
/p b t d k g/ <p b t d c g>
/t͡s t͡ʃ ʃt͡ʃ/ <ts ci/e sgi/e>
/f v s z ʃ ʒ x ɦ/ <f v s z sci/e gi/e ch h>
/m n/ <m n>
/l j r -ʲ/ <l i/j r -i>
/i ɨ ɪ e a o u/ <i é í e a o u>
/toʒ ʃanjme ridne slovo, od velɪka aʒ do mala. vʃɨtko inʃe zme stratɪlɪ lem besida nam ostala/
Toge scianime ridne slovo, od velíca age do mala. Vscétco insce zme stratílí lem besida nam ostala
næn:älʉː
- Nortaneous
- Sumerul

- Posts: 4544
- Joined: Mon Apr 13, 2009 1:52 am
- Location: the Imperial Corridor
Re: Romanization challenge thread
/m n ɲ/ <m n ni>
/p b t d ts dz tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd k g/ <p b t/tu d/du ti di ci gi yt yd c/qu g/gu>
/s z ʃ ʒ (ɕ) x/ <s/ss z/s si zi ys ch>
/r rʲ l ʎ ʋ j/ <r ri l li u/v i>
/i ɪ ʊ ɯ u/ <i è/e# ò/u# oi u/ou#/#hu> / <y/y#...>
/e ẽ o õ/ <e/ei# em o om>
/æ a/ <ai a>
<h> for hiatus
/i pristõpi kʊ ɲemu dijæʋolʊ jiskuʃajẽ ji i retʃe aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji rɪtsi da kamenije se xʎæbi bõdõtʊ onʊ ʒe otʊʋæʃtaʋʊ retʃe piʃetʊ ne o xʎæbæ jedinomɪ poʒiʋetʊ tʃeloʋækʊ nʊ o ʋɕemɪ glagoʎæ jisxodẽʃtijɪmɪ jizʊ ustʊ boʒiji togda pojẽtʊ ji dijæʋolʊ ʋʊ stænɯ gradʊ i postaʋi ji na kriʎæ tsrʊkʊʋɪɲæmɪ i glagola jemu aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji pusti sebe dolu piʃetʊ bo jæko anʊʒdelomʊ sʋojimʊ zapoʋæstʊ o tebæ i na rõkaxʊ ʋʊzʊmõtʊ tẽ da ne kogda prʲætʊkneʃi o kamenɪ nogõ sʋojõ/
I pristompi cu niemou dyhaiuolu yscussiaiem y i reciei aytei synu iessy bosihi rèti da camenyhei sei chliaibi bondontu onu ziei otòuaÿtahu reciei pissietu nei o chliaibai iedynome posiuetu cielohaicu nu o vyseme glagoliai yschodeyntyhème ysu hustu bosihi togda pohientu y dihaiuolu w stainoi gradu i postaui y na criliai tïròcòuiniaime i glagola iemou aytei synu iessi bosihi pusti sebei dolu pissietu bo iaico anuydelomu suohimu zapohaistu o tebai i na roncachu vòsòmontu ten da ne cogda priaitucnessi o camene nogom suoiom.
/p b t d ts dz tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd k g/ <p b t/tu d/du ti di ci gi yt yd c/qu g/gu>
/s z ʃ ʒ (ɕ) x/ <s/ss z/s si zi ys ch>
/r rʲ l ʎ ʋ j/ <r ri l li u/v i>
/i ɪ ʊ ɯ u/ <i è/e# ò/u# oi u/ou#/#hu> / <y/y#...>
/e ẽ o õ/ <e/ei# em o om>
/æ a/ <ai a>
<h> for hiatus
/i pristõpi kʊ ɲemu dijæʋolʊ jiskuʃajẽ ji i retʃe aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji rɪtsi da kamenije se xʎæbi bõdõtʊ onʊ ʒe otʊʋæʃtaʋʊ retʃe piʃetʊ ne o xʎæbæ jedinomɪ poʒiʋetʊ tʃeloʋækʊ nʊ o ʋɕemɪ glagoʎæ jisxodẽʃtijɪmɪ jizʊ ustʊ boʒiji togda pojẽtʊ ji dijæʋolʊ ʋʊ stænɯ gradʊ i postaʋi ji na kriʎæ tsrʊkʊʋɪɲæmɪ i glagola jemu aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji pusti sebe dolu piʃetʊ bo jæko anʊʒdelomʊ sʋojimʊ zapoʋæstʊ o tebæ i na rõkaxʊ ʋʊzʊmõtʊ tẽ da ne kogda prʲætʊkneʃi o kamenɪ nogõ sʋojõ/
I pristompi cu niemou dyhaiuolu yscussiaiem y i reciei aytei synu iessy bosihi rèti da camenyhei sei chliaibi bondontu onu ziei otòuaÿtahu reciei pissietu nei o chliaibai iedynome posiuetu cielohaicu nu o vyseme glagoliai yschodeyntyhème ysu hustu bosihi togda pohientu y dihaiuolu w stainoi gradu i postaui y na criliai tïròcòuiniaime i glagola iemou aytei synu iessi bosihi pusti sebei dolu pissietu bo iaico anuydelomu suohimu zapohaistu o tebai i na roncachu vòsòmontu ten da ne cogda priaitucnessi o camene nogom suoiom.
Siöö jandeng raiglin zåbei tandiüłåd;
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
nää džunnfin kukuch vklaivei sivei tåd.
Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei. Chei.
-
Bristel
- Smeric

- Posts: 1258
- Joined: Mon Jun 01, 2009 3:07 pm
- Location: Miracle, Inc. Headquarters
- Contact:
Re: Romanization challenge thread
Qwynegold, is the Conlang based on Japanese?
[bɹ̠ˤʷɪs.təɫ]
Nōn quālibet inīquā cupiditāte illectus hoc agō
Yo te pongo en tu lugar...
Taisc mach Daró
Nōn quālibet inīquā cupiditāte illectus hoc agō
Yo te pongo en tu lugar...
Taisc mach Daró
Re: Romanization challenge thread
/m n ɲ/ <m n nh>
/p b t d ts dz tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd k g/ <p b t d ts dsy tsci/e dscy sct scyt c g>
/s z ʃ ʒ (ɕ) x/ <s sy sci/e scy (sci/e) ch>
/r rʲ l ʎ ʋ j/ <r rh l lh f i/h>
/i ɪ ʊ ɯ u/ <i ie u ue u>
/e ẽ o õ/ <e ea o oa>
/æ a/ <ai a>
/i pristõpi kʊ ɲemu dijæʋolʊ jiskuʃajẽ ji i retʃe aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji rɪtsi da kamenije se xʎæbi bõdõtʊ onʊ ʒe otʊʋæʃtaʋʊ retʃe piʃetʊ ne o xʎæbæ jedinomɪ poʒiʋetʊ tʃeloʋækʊ nʊ o ʋɕemɪ glagoʎæ jisxodẽʃtijɪmɪ jizʊ ustʊ boʒiji togda pojẽtʊ ji dijæʋolʊ ʋʊ stænɯ gradʊ i postaʋi ji na kriʎæ tsrʊkʊʋɪɲæmɪ i glagola jemu aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji pusti sebe dolu piʃetʊ bo jæko anʊʒdelomʊ sʋojimʊ zapoʋæstʊ o tebæ i na rõkaxʊ ʋʊzʊmõtʊ tẽ da ne kogda prʲætʊkneʃi o kamenɪ nogõ sʋojõ/
I pristoapi cu nhemu dihaifolu hiscusciaiea hi i retsce ascte sinu iesi boscyihi rietsi da camenihe se chlhaibi boadoatu onu scye otufaisctafu retsce piscetu ne o chlhaibai iedinomie poscyifetu tscelofaicu nu o vscemie glagolhai hischodeasctihiemie hisyu ustu boscyihi togda poieatu hi dihaifolu fu stainue gradu i postafi hi na crilhai tsrucufienhaimie i glagola iemu ascte sinu iesi boscyihi pusti sebe dolu piscetu bo iaico anuscydelomu sfohimu syapofaistu o tebaii i na roakachu fusyumoatu tea da ne kogda prhaitucnesci o camenie nogoa sfoioa.
/p b t d k g/ <p b t d c g>
/t͡s t͡ʃ ʃt͡ʃ/ <ts tsci/e scts>
/f v s z ʃ ʒ x ɦ/ <fh f s sy sci/e scy ch h>
/m n/ <m n>
/l j r -ʲ/ <l i r -h/-i>
/i ɨ ɪ e a o u/ <i ea ie e a o u>
/toʒ ʃanjme ridne slovo, od velɪka aʒ do mala. vʃɨtko inʃe zme stratɪlɪ lem besida nam ostala/
Toscy scianime ridne slofo, od velieca ascy do mala. Fsceatco insce syme stratielie lem besida nam ostala.
/p b t d ts dz tʃ dʒ ʃt ʒd k g/ <p b t d ts dsy tsci/e dscy sct scyt c g>
/s z ʃ ʒ (ɕ) x/ <s sy sci/e scy (sci/e) ch>
/r rʲ l ʎ ʋ j/ <r rh l lh f i/h>
/i ɪ ʊ ɯ u/ <i ie u ue u>
/e ẽ o õ/ <e ea o oa>
/æ a/ <ai a>
/i pristõpi kʊ ɲemu dijæʋolʊ jiskuʃajẽ ji i retʃe aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji rɪtsi da kamenije se xʎæbi bõdõtʊ onʊ ʒe otʊʋæʃtaʋʊ retʃe piʃetʊ ne o xʎæbæ jedinomɪ poʒiʋetʊ tʃeloʋækʊ nʊ o ʋɕemɪ glagoʎæ jisxodẽʃtijɪmɪ jizʊ ustʊ boʒiji togda pojẽtʊ ji dijæʋolʊ ʋʊ stænɯ gradʊ i postaʋi ji na kriʎæ tsrʊkʊʋɪɲæmɪ i glagola jemu aʃte sinʊ jesi boʒiji pusti sebe dolu piʃetʊ bo jæko anʊʒdelomʊ sʋojimʊ zapoʋæstʊ o tebæ i na rõkaxʊ ʋʊzʊmõtʊ tẽ da ne kogda prʲætʊkneʃi o kamenɪ nogõ sʋojõ/
I pristoapi cu nhemu dihaifolu hiscusciaiea hi i retsce ascte sinu iesi boscyihi rietsi da camenihe se chlhaibi boadoatu onu scye otufaisctafu retsce piscetu ne o chlhaibai iedinomie poscyifetu tscelofaicu nu o vscemie glagolhai hischodeasctihiemie hisyu ustu boscyihi togda poieatu hi dihaifolu fu stainue gradu i postafi hi na crilhai tsrucufienhaimie i glagola iemu ascte sinu iesi boscyihi pusti sebe dolu piscetu bo iaico anuscydelomu sfohimu syapofaistu o tebaii i na roakachu fusyumoatu tea da ne kogda prhaitucnesci o camenie nogoa sfoioa.
/p b t d k g/ <p b t d c g>
/t͡s t͡ʃ ʃt͡ʃ/ <ts tsci/e scts>
/f v s z ʃ ʒ x ɦ/ <fh f s sy sci/e scy ch h>
/m n/ <m n>
/l j r -ʲ/ <l i r -h/-i>
/i ɨ ɪ e a o u/ <i ea ie e a o u>
/toʒ ʃanjme ridne slovo, od velɪka aʒ do mala. vʃɨtko inʃe zme stratɪlɪ lem besida nam ostala/
Toscy scianime ridne slofo, od velieca ascy do mala. Fsceatco insce syme stratielie lem besida nam ostala.
næn:älʉː
Re: Romanization challenge thread
Rusyn
/p b t d k g/ <p b t d k g>
/t͡s t͡ʃ ʃt͡ʃ/ <c č ć>
/f v s z ʃ ʒ x ɦ/ <f v s z š ž ch h>
/m n/ <m n>
/l j r -ʲ/ <l j r *> *acute accent on following vowels or an apostrophe if no vowel is following.
/i ɨ ɪ e a o u/ <i ì y e a o u>
/toʒ ʃanjme ridne slovo, od velɪka aʒ do mala. vʃɨtko inʃe zme stratɪlɪ lem besida nam ostala/
Tož šanjme ridne slovo, od velyka až do mala, všìtko inše zme stratyly lem besida nam ostala.
Because I'm boring
/p b t d k g/ <p b t d k g>
/t͡s t͡ʃ ʃt͡ʃ/ <c č ć>
/f v s z ʃ ʒ x ɦ/ <f v s z š ž ch h>
/m n/ <m n>
/l j r -ʲ/ <l j r *> *acute accent on following vowels or an apostrophe if no vowel is following.
/i ɨ ɪ e a o u/ <i ì y e a o u>
/toʒ ʃanjme ridne slovo, od velɪka aʒ do mala. vʃɨtko inʃe zme stratɪlɪ lem besida nam ostala/
Tož šanjme ridne slovo, od velyka až do mala, všìtko inše zme stratyly lem besida nam ostala.
Because I'm boring
You can tell the same lie a thousand times,
But it never gets any more true,
So close your eyes once more and once more believe
That they all still believe in you.
Just one time.
But it never gets any more true,
So close your eyes once more and once more believe
That they all still believe in you.
Just one time.
Re: Romanization challenge thread
Ahh! No fun!sangi39 wrote: Because I'm boring
(following Breton)
/p b t d k g/ <p b t d k g>
/t͡s t͡ʃ ʃt͡ʃ/ <ts tch chtch>
/f v s z ʃ ʒ x ɦ/ <f v s z ch j c'h h>
/m n/ <m n>
/l j r -ʲ/ <l y r -y>
/i ɨ ɪ e a o u/ <i eu i e a o ou>
/toʒ ʃanjme ridne slovo, od velɪka aʒ do mala. vʃɨtko inʃe zme stratɪlɪ lem besida nam ostala/
Toj chanyme ridne slovo, od velika aj do mala. Vcheutko inche zme stratili lem besida nam ostala.
næn:älʉː
Re: Romanization challenge thread
What makes you say that?Bristel wrote:Qwynegold, is the Conlang based on Japanese?
Re: Romanization challenge thread
/xʰʕəŋɕə/
/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ/
/b d d͡z ɖ͡ʐ d͡ʑ g/
/p t t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ k q ʔ/
/pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ qʰ/
/p' t' t͡s' ʈ͡ʂ' t͡ɕ' k' q'/
/z ʐ ʑ ɣ/
/s ʂ ɕ x χ h/
/sʰ ʂʰ ɕʰ xʰ/
/s' ʂ' ɕ' x' χ'/
/w̃ j̃/
/w j ʕ/
/r ʀ/
/i iː u uː uɪ̯ uːɪ̯/
/ə əː əɪ̯ əʊ̯ əːɪ̯ əːʊ̯/
/a aː aɪ̯ aʊ̯ aːɪ̯ aːʊ̯ ɒ ɒː ɒɪ̯ ɒːɪ̯/
O(N/G)V(N)...(O(N/G)V(C))
O: Onset consonant
C: Coda consonant
N: Nasal
G: Glide
V: Vowel or diphthong
Nasals may not follow nasals word-initially, nasals or glides may not follow glides in the same position. Glides may not occur word-finally.
/t͡samxaʊ̯ɲ qʰəq'iːr t͡səɪ̯ xʰmur t'əʊ̯ŋ haŋ daːɪ̯ɲbə kʰŋaɲtuːqʰ d͡ʑɒqam kər ʈ͡ʂuzaɲ ʑaɪ̯ ʐiː raʊ̯p'əʊ̯ka gɒːɪ̯ŋ xʰwaːɪ̯ t͡si ʂ'i/
/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ/
/b d d͡z ɖ͡ʐ d͡ʑ g/
/p t t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ k q ʔ/
/pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ qʰ/
/p' t' t͡s' ʈ͡ʂ' t͡ɕ' k' q'/
/z ʐ ʑ ɣ/
/s ʂ ɕ x χ h/
/sʰ ʂʰ ɕʰ xʰ/
/s' ʂ' ɕ' x' χ'/
/w̃ j̃/
/w j ʕ/
/r ʀ/
/i iː u uː uɪ̯ uːɪ̯/
/ə əː əɪ̯ əʊ̯ əːɪ̯ əːʊ̯/
/a aː aɪ̯ aʊ̯ aːɪ̯ aːʊ̯ ɒ ɒː ɒɪ̯ ɒːɪ̯/
O(N/G)V(N)...(O(N/G)V(C))
O: Onset consonant
C: Coda consonant
N: Nasal
G: Glide
V: Vowel or diphthong
Nasals may not follow nasals word-initially, nasals or glides may not follow glides in the same position. Glides may not occur word-finally.
/t͡samxaʊ̯ɲ qʰəq'iːr t͡səɪ̯ xʰmur t'əʊ̯ŋ haŋ daːɪ̯ɲbə kʰŋaɲtuːqʰ d͡ʑɒqam kər ʈ͡ʂuzaɲ ʑaɪ̯ ʐiː raʊ̯p'əʊ̯ka gɒːɪ̯ŋ xʰwaːɪ̯ t͡si ʂ'i/
"To those who seek the solace of eternity, may journey down the river through the sacred Gates of Iss and find everlasting peace in the bosom of Issus"
Re: Romanization challenge thread
ǩhleŋše
/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ m n rn ň ŋ
/b d d͡z ɖ͡ʐ d͡ʑ g/ b d ȷ rȷ ȷ̌ g
/p t t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ k q ʔ/ p t c rc č k q '
/pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ qʰ/ ph th ch rch čh kh qh
/p' t' t͡s' ʈ͡ʂ' t͡ɕ' k' q'/ p̓ t̓ c̓ rc̓ č̓ k̓ q̓
/z ʐ ʑ ɣ/ z rz ž g
/s ʂ ɕ x χ h/ s rs š ǩ x h
/sʰ ʂʰ ɕʰ xʰ/ sh rsh šh ǩh
/s' ʂ' ɕ' x' χ'/ s̓ rs̓ š̓ ǩ̓ x̓
/w̃ j̃/ v j
/w j ʕ/ w y l
/r ʀ/ r rg
/i iː u uː uɪ̯ uːɪ̯/ i ii u uu uy uuy
/ə əː əɪ̯ əʊ̯ əːɪ̯ əːʊ̯/ e ee ey ew eey eew
/a aː aɪ̯ aʊ̯ aːɪ̯ aːʊ̯ ɒ ɒː ɒɪ̯ ɒːɪ̯/ a aa ay aw aay aaw o oo oy ooy
O(N/G)V(N)...(O(N/G)V(C))
O: Onset consonant
C: Coda consonant
N: Nasal
G: Glide
V: Vowel or diphthong
Nasals may not follow nasals word-initially, nasals or glides may not follow glides in the same position. Glides may not occur word-finally.
/t͡samxaʊ̯ɲ qʰəq'iːr t͡səɪ̯ xʰmur t'əʊ̯ŋ haŋ daːɪ̯ɲbə kʰŋaɲtuːqʰ d͡ʑɒqam kər ʈ͡ʂuzaɲ ʑaɪ̯ ʐiː raʊ̯p'əʊ̯ka gɒːɪ̯ŋ xʰwaːɪ̯ t͡si ʂ'i/ camǩawň qheq̓iir cey ǩhmur t̓ewŋ haŋ daayňbe khŋantuuqh ǰoqam ker rcuzaň žayrzii rawp̓ewka gooyŋ ǩhwaay ci rs̓i
/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ m n rn ň ŋ
/b d d͡z ɖ͡ʐ d͡ʑ g/ b d ȷ rȷ ȷ̌ g
/p t t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ k q ʔ/ p t c rc č k q '
/pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ qʰ/ ph th ch rch čh kh qh
/p' t' t͡s' ʈ͡ʂ' t͡ɕ' k' q'/ p̓ t̓ c̓ rc̓ č̓ k̓ q̓
/z ʐ ʑ ɣ/ z rz ž g
/s ʂ ɕ x χ h/ s rs š ǩ x h
/sʰ ʂʰ ɕʰ xʰ/ sh rsh šh ǩh
/s' ʂ' ɕ' x' χ'/ s̓ rs̓ š̓ ǩ̓ x̓
/w̃ j̃/ v j
/w j ʕ/ w y l
/r ʀ/ r rg
/i iː u uː uɪ̯ uːɪ̯/ i ii u uu uy uuy
/ə əː əɪ̯ əʊ̯ əːɪ̯ əːʊ̯/ e ee ey ew eey eew
/a aː aɪ̯ aʊ̯ aːɪ̯ aːʊ̯ ɒ ɒː ɒɪ̯ ɒːɪ̯/ a aa ay aw aay aaw o oo oy ooy
O(N/G)V(N)...(O(N/G)V(C))
O: Onset consonant
C: Coda consonant
N: Nasal
G: Glide
V: Vowel or diphthong
Nasals may not follow nasals word-initially, nasals or glides may not follow glides in the same position. Glides may not occur word-finally.
/t͡samxaʊ̯ɲ qʰəq'iːr t͡səɪ̯ xʰmur t'əʊ̯ŋ haŋ daːɪ̯ɲbə kʰŋaɲtuːqʰ d͡ʑɒqam kər ʈ͡ʂuzaɲ ʑaɪ̯ ʐiː raʊ̯p'əʊ̯ka gɒːɪ̯ŋ xʰwaːɪ̯ t͡si ʂ'i/ camǩawň qheq̓iir cey ǩhmur t̓ewŋ haŋ daayňbe khŋantuuqh ǰoqam ker rcuzaň žayrzii rawp̓ewka gooyŋ ǩhwaay ci rs̓i
"To those who seek the solace of eternity, may journey down the river through the sacred Gates of Iss and find everlasting peace in the bosom of Issus"
Re: Romanization challenge thread
Xhqyeongssheo
/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ <m n nj nh ng>
/b d d͡z ɖ͡ʐ d͡ʑ g/ <b d dz dzj dzh g>
/p t t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ k q ʔ/ <p t ts tsj tsh k q qj>
/pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ qʰ/ <ph th tss tssj tssh kh qh>
/p' t' t͡s' ʈ͡ʂ' t͡ɕ' k' q'/ <pq tq tsq tsjq tshq kq qq>
/z ʐ ʑ ɣ/ <z zj zh gh>
/s ʂ ɕ x χ h/ <s sj sh x xx h>
/sʰ ʂʰ ɕʰ xʰ/ <ss ssj ssh xh>
/s' ʂ' ɕ' x' χ'/ <sq sjq shq xq xxq>
/w̃ j̃/ <wn yn>
/w j ʕ/ <w y qy>
/r ʀ/ <r rr>
/i iː u uː uɪ̯ uːɪ̯/ <i ii u uu ui uui>
/ə əː əɪ̯ əʊ̯ əːɪ̯ əːʊ̯/ <eo eoo eoi eou eooi eoou>
/a aː aɪ̯ aʊ̯ aːɪ̯ aːʊ̯ ɒ ɒː ɒɪ̯ ɒːɪ̯/ <a aa ai au aai aau o oo oi ooi>
O(N/G)V(N)...(O(N/G)V(C))
O: Onset consonant
C: Coda consonant
N: Nasal
G: Glide
V: Vowel or diphthong
Nasals may not follow nasals word-initially, nasals or glides may not follow glides in the same position. Glides may not occur word-finally.
/t͡samxaʊ̯ɲ qʰəq'iːr t͡səɪ̯ xʰmur t'əʊ̯ŋ haŋ daːɪ̯ɲbə kʰŋaɲtuːqʰ d͡ʑɒqam kər ʈ͡ʂuzaɲ ʑaɪ̯ ʐiː raʊ̯p'əʊ̯ka gɒːɪ̯ŋ xʰwaːɪ̯ t͡si ʂ'i/
Tsamxaunh qheoqqiir tseoi xhmur tqeoung hang daainhbeo khnganhtuuqh dzhoqam keor tsjuzanh zhai zjii raupqeouka gooing xhwaai tsi sjqi.
jegus chris, this thing I've made looks like the unholy love child of Korean, Vietnamese, and Tibetan.
/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ <m n nj nh ng>
/b d d͡z ɖ͡ʐ d͡ʑ g/ <b d dz dzj dzh g>
/p t t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ k q ʔ/ <p t ts tsj tsh k q qj>
/pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ qʰ/ <ph th tss tssj tssh kh qh>
/p' t' t͡s' ʈ͡ʂ' t͡ɕ' k' q'/ <pq tq tsq tsjq tshq kq qq>
/z ʐ ʑ ɣ/ <z zj zh gh>
/s ʂ ɕ x χ h/ <s sj sh x xx h>
/sʰ ʂʰ ɕʰ xʰ/ <ss ssj ssh xh>
/s' ʂ' ɕ' x' χ'/ <sq sjq shq xq xxq>
/w̃ j̃/ <wn yn>
/w j ʕ/ <w y qy>
/r ʀ/ <r rr>
/i iː u uː uɪ̯ uːɪ̯/ <i ii u uu ui uui>
/ə əː əɪ̯ əʊ̯ əːɪ̯ əːʊ̯/ <eo eoo eoi eou eooi eoou>
/a aː aɪ̯ aʊ̯ aːɪ̯ aːʊ̯ ɒ ɒː ɒɪ̯ ɒːɪ̯/ <a aa ai au aai aau o oo oi ooi>
O(N/G)V(N)...(O(N/G)V(C))
O: Onset consonant
C: Coda consonant
N: Nasal
G: Glide
V: Vowel or diphthong
Nasals may not follow nasals word-initially, nasals or glides may not follow glides in the same position. Glides may not occur word-finally.
/t͡samxaʊ̯ɲ qʰəq'iːr t͡səɪ̯ xʰmur t'əʊ̯ŋ haŋ daːɪ̯ɲbə kʰŋaɲtuːqʰ d͡ʑɒqam kər ʈ͡ʂuzaɲ ʑaɪ̯ ʐiː raʊ̯p'əʊ̯ka gɒːɪ̯ŋ xʰwaːɪ̯ t͡si ʂ'i/
Tsamxaunh qheoqqiir tseoi xhmur tqeoung hang daainhbeo khnganhtuuqh dzhoqam keor tsjuzanh zhai zjii raupqeouka gooing xhwaai tsi sjqi.
jegus chris, this thing I've made looks like the unholy love child of Korean, Vietnamese, and Tibetan.
Re: Romanization challenge thread
/xũʝrukkiʃ/
/p m~b t n~d k ŋ~ɡ/
/s ʃ ç ʝ/
/ɸ β θ ð x ɣ/
/l ʎ ɾ r/
/a e i o u/
/ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ/
/erãrarra suʃʃar ŋarariŋoone unaaŋẽ usã õsãerra uɾoiŋe eɾãaŋaɾenõnnuɾuãtan/
/p m~b t n~d k ŋ~ɡ/
/s ʃ ç ʝ/
/ɸ β θ ð x ɣ/
/l ʎ ɾ r/
/a e i o u/
/ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ/
/erãrarra suʃʃar ŋarariŋoone unaaŋẽ usã õsãerra uɾoiŋe eɾãaŋaɾenõnnuɾuãtan/
Re: Romanization challenge thread
Hųyrukkiš
/p m~b t n~d k ŋ~ɡ/ <p b t d k g>
/s ʃ ç ʝ/ <s š j y>
/ɸ β θ ð x ɣ/ <f v ť ď h ȟ>
/l ʎ ɾ r/ <l ľ r>
/a e i o u/ <a e i o u>
/ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ/ <ą ę į ǫ ų>
/erãrarra suʃʃar ŋarariŋoone unaaŋẽ usã õsãerra uɾoiŋe eɾãaŋaɾenõnnuɾuãtan/
Erąrarra suššar gararigoone unaagę usą ǫsąerra uroige erąagarenǫnnuruątan.
/p m~b t n~d k ŋ~ɡ/ <p b t d k g>
/s ʃ ç ʝ/ <s š j y>
/ɸ β θ ð x ɣ/ <f v ť ď h ȟ>
/l ʎ ɾ r/ <l ľ r>
/a e i o u/ <a e i o u>
/ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ/ <ą ę į ǫ ų>
/erãrarra suʃʃar ŋarariŋoone unaaŋẽ usã õsãerra uɾoiŋe eɾãaŋaɾenõnnuɾuãtan/
Erąrarra suššar gararigoone unaagę usą ǫsąerra uroige erąagarenǫnnuruątan.
næn:älʉː
Re: Romanization challenge thread
/xũʝrukkiʃ/
K̭ûyrukkiŝ
/p m~b t n~d k ŋ~ɡ/ p m~b t n~d k ŋ~g
/s ʃ ç ʝ/ s ŝ ŷ y
/ɸ β θ ð x ɣ/ p̌ b̭ ṱ ḓ k̭ ǧ
/l ʎ ɾ r/ l ʎ ř r
/a e i o u/ a e i o u
/ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ/ â ê î ô û
/erãrarra suʃʃar ŋarariŋoone unaaŋẽ usã õsãerra uɾoiŋe eɾãaŋaɾenõnnuɾuãtan/
erârarra suŝŝar ŋarariŋoone unaaŋê usâ ôsâerra uřoiŋe eřâaŋařenônnuřuâtan
K̭ûyrukkiŝ
/p m~b t n~d k ŋ~ɡ/ p m~b t n~d k ŋ~g
/s ʃ ç ʝ/ s ŝ ŷ y
/ɸ β θ ð x ɣ/ p̌ b̭ ṱ ḓ k̭ ǧ
/l ʎ ɾ r/ l ʎ ř r
/a e i o u/ a e i o u
/ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ/ â ê î ô û
/erãrarra suʃʃar ŋarariŋoone unaaŋẽ usã õsãerra uɾoiŋe eɾãaŋaɾenõnnuɾuãtan/
erârarra suŝŝar ŋarariŋoone unaaŋê usâ ôsâerra uřoiŋe eřâaŋařenônnuřuâtan
Blog: audmanh.wordpress.com
Conlangs: Ronc Tyu | Buruya Nzaysa | Doayâu | Tmaśareʔ
Conlangs: Ronc Tyu | Buruya Nzaysa | Doayâu | Tmaśareʔ
Re: Romanization challenge thread
/xʰʕəŋɕə/
Ḫhʕeŋśe
/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ m n ň ń ŋ
/b d d͡z ɖ͡ʐ d͡ʑ g/ b d dz dž dź g
/p t t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ k q ʔ/ p t ts tš tś k q ʔ
/pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ qʰ/ ph th tsh tšh tśh kh qh
/p' t' t͡s' ʈ͡ʂ' t͡ɕ' k' q'/ p’ t’ ts’ tš’ tś’ k’ q’
/z ʐ ʑ ɣ/ z ž ź ğ
/s ʂ ɕ x χ h/ s š ś ḫ x h
/sʰ ʂʰ ɕʰ xʰ/ sh šh śh ḫh
/s' ʂ' ɕ' x' χ'/ s’ š’ ś’ ḫ’ x’
/w̃ j̃/ ŵ ŷ
/w j ʕ/ w y ʕ
/r ʀ/ r v
/i iː u uː uɪ̯ uːɪ̯/ i î u û ui ûi
/ə əː əɪ̯ əʊ̯ əːɪ̯ əːʊ̯/ e ê ei eu êi êu
/a aː aɪ̯ aʊ̯ aːɪ̯ aːʊ̯ ɒ ɒː ɒɪ̯ ɒːɪ̯/ a â ai au âi âu o ô oi ôi
/t͡samxaʊ̯ɲ qʰəq'iːr t͡səɪ̯ xʰmur t'əʊ̯ŋ haŋ daːɪ̯ɲbə kʰŋaɲtuːqʰ d͡ʑɒqam kər ʈ͡ʂuzaɲ ʑaɪ̯ ʐiː raʊ̯p'əʊ̯ka gɒːɪ̯ŋ xʰwaːɪ̯ t͡si ʂ'i/
tsamḫauń qheq’îr tsei ḫhmur t’euŋ dâińbe khŋańtûqh dźoqam ker tšuzań źai žî raup’euka gôiŋ ḫhwâi tsi š’i
Ḫhʕeŋśe
/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ/ m n ň ń ŋ
/b d d͡z ɖ͡ʐ d͡ʑ g/ b d dz dž dź g
/p t t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ k q ʔ/ p t ts tš tś k q ʔ
/pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ qʰ/ ph th tsh tšh tśh kh qh
/p' t' t͡s' ʈ͡ʂ' t͡ɕ' k' q'/ p’ t’ ts’ tš’ tś’ k’ q’
/z ʐ ʑ ɣ/ z ž ź ğ
/s ʂ ɕ x χ h/ s š ś ḫ x h
/sʰ ʂʰ ɕʰ xʰ/ sh šh śh ḫh
/s' ʂ' ɕ' x' χ'/ s’ š’ ś’ ḫ’ x’
/w̃ j̃/ ŵ ŷ
/w j ʕ/ w y ʕ
/r ʀ/ r v
/i iː u uː uɪ̯ uːɪ̯/ i î u û ui ûi
/ə əː əɪ̯ əʊ̯ əːɪ̯ əːʊ̯/ e ê ei eu êi êu
/a aː aɪ̯ aʊ̯ aːɪ̯ aːʊ̯ ɒ ɒː ɒɪ̯ ɒːɪ̯/ a â ai au âi âu o ô oi ôi
/t͡samxaʊ̯ɲ qʰəq'iːr t͡səɪ̯ xʰmur t'əʊ̯ŋ haŋ daːɪ̯ɲbə kʰŋaɲtuːqʰ d͡ʑɒqam kər ʈ͡ʂuzaɲ ʑaɪ̯ ʐiː raʊ̯p'əʊ̯ka gɒːɪ̯ŋ xʰwaːɪ̯ t͡si ʂ'i/
tsamḫauń qheq’îr tsei ḫhmur t’euŋ dâińbe khŋańtûqh dźoqam ker tšuzań źai žî raup’euka gôiŋ ḫhwâi tsi š’i
Blog: audmanh.wordpress.com
Conlangs: Ronc Tyu | Buruya Nzaysa | Doayâu | Tmaśareʔ
Conlangs: Ronc Tyu | Buruya Nzaysa | Doayâu | Tmaśareʔ





